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  • Physics  (587)
  • 1975-1979  (587)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1979  (587)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis of isotactic poly(alkyl ethylene)s. I. Modification I of poly(ethyl ethylene) and its deuterated derivatives (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 1-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new calculation of the vibrational frequencies of poly(ethy1 ethylene) based on the actual molecular geometry was performed. The calculation takes into account new experimental data such far-infrared spectra and Raman spectra of the stretched polymer, infrared spectra of poly(ethyl ethylene)-(2,2;d2) (P-4-1-d2) and poly(ethyl ethylene)-(3,3,4,4;d4) (P-4-1-d4), and Raman spectra of poly(ethyl ethylene)-(1,3,3;d3) and poly(ethyl ethylene)-(3,3,4,4;d4). Refinement produced a set of force constants; it is also applicable to poly(propyl ethylene).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis of isotactic poly(alkyl ethylene)s II. Modification I of poly(propyl ethylene) and its deuterated derivatives (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 25-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The vibrational analysis of modification I of poly(propyl ethylene), poly(propyl ethylene)-(2,2;d2), and poly(propyl ethylene)-(1,2,2;d3) has been performed using the valence force field derived for poly(ethyl ethylene) and the actual molecular geometry. The band assignments are based on infrared polarization and Raman data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystalline core of the row structures in isotactic polystyrene. I. Nucleation and growth (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The nucleation and growth of the crystalline core in the row structures of isotactic polystyrene were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The number of core crystals, nucleated at a specific temperature, depends on the external strain. Their length was found to increase with time if the sample is kept at the straining temperature. If a strained sample is cooled to room temperature and subsequently reheated, no further growth of the core crystals is observed. Obstacles in the path of growth were circumvented by local changes of the growing direction. Melt-soluble noncrystallizable molecules are rejected by the growing core into the surrounding melt. The observations suggest a growth mechanism of the cores based on the successive self-induced alignment of molecules at the tip of the growing cores.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain mobility of some terephthalic acid polyesters in solution. A 13C spin-relaxation study (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times (T1), nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE), and resonance linewidths (Δp) have been measured for a series of terephthalic acid polyesters containing ethyl, butyl, hexyl, and isopropyl groups between neighboring terephthalate units. The relaxation parameters of all carbons in the terephthalate groups are independent of the length of the separating alkyl chain. Reduced NOE's are seen for all carbons. The data are interpreted in terms of a log X2distribution of correlation times of constant width, but variable average mobility. The average mobility in the alkyl chain increases with increasing distance from the terephthalate group in a given polymer. For a given position in the chain. mobility increases with increasing chain length. This behavior is consistent with the presence of independently reorienting, highly solvated terephthalate groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the rheological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene below its melting point with certain low-molecular smectic statesContribution No. 2567. (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was extruded from a capillary rheometer at temperatures between the first-order transition at 30°C and the melting point. Both PTFE at 50-300°C and various smectic states of certain low-molecular benzylidene anilines obey the following relationship between the shear stress τ and the apparent shear rate $ \dot \gamma :{\rm }\tau = K\dot \gamma ^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 4}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 4}} $. The apparent viscosities for the two classes of substances are similar even though their molecular weights differ by a factor of about 104. Both have characteristic shear planes which are parallel to the polymer chains in PTFE and normal to the long axes of the benzylidene aniline molecules. The melting process in virgin PTFE begins near 300°C. Above this temperature, the shear stress at constant shear rate increases and the rheological exponent rises from 0.25 toward 0.5 at the final melting point.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The heat of fusion of polymer crystals: Polyethylene crystals in suspension (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Recent experiments have supported the view that polyethylene (PE) single crystals kept in suspension, in a variety of liquids, have different physical properties compared with the same crystals after drying. The present work was undertaken in an attempt to directly measure one of the basic properties of crystals in suspension, namely their percent crystallinity (X). Differential scanning calorimetry was chosen as the primary tool for this investigation. A method has been developed to determine the weight of PE in a suspension of crystals in a nonsolvent. Thus, a determination of X can be made. For suspension crystals, X was found to be at least 88.5%, some 6% larger than that for the corresponding dried or freeze-dried material. Implications with regard to the fold-surface structure are discussed. Differences in degree of crystallinity as a function of drying procedure have also been observed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate sensitized by aliphatic ketones (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of methyl methacrylate photosensitized by several alkyl ketones has been investigated. It was found that alkyl ketones can induce the free radical polymerization of the monomer with an efficiency that increases when the triplet lifetime decreases. For ketones of similar triplet lifetime those decomposing predominantly by a type I photocleavage show greater initiation efficiencies than those that react by a type II mechanism. The results obtained show that quenching of the excited ketones by the monomer does not induce polymerization. For ketones bearing γ-hydrogens the initiation is due to the 1,4-biradical produced by intramolecular hydrogen abstraction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation degradation susceptibility of vinyl polymers: Nitriles and anhydrides (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of γ irradiation on a series of vinyl polymers, which included polymethacrylonitrile, poly(α-chloroacrylonitrile), poly(dimethyl itaconate), poly(acrylic anhydride), and poly(methacrylic anhydride), was studied as part of a program to develop improved positive lithographic resists. Radiation-induced degradation was observed for polymethacrylonitrile, poly(α-chloroacrylonitrile), and poly(methacrylic anhydride). Molecular weight degradation as a function of dose was monitored by membrane osmometry or GPC techniques. For γ-irradiated poly(dimethyl itaconate) and poly(acrylic anhydride) crosslinking was found to predominate over chain scission. [G(s)-G(x)] values, calculated from molecular weight inverse versus dose curves, indicate that both nitrile polymers degraded more efficiently than a poly(methyl methacrylate) reference standard on the basis of Mn changes. The radiation behavior of the first three polymers confirms earlier findings than vinyl polymers with quaternary carbons predominantly degrade when subjected to ionizing radiation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of the NCA polymerization. VI. Investigations on cocatalysts of the base-initiated NCA polymerization (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 97-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The triethylamine-initiated polymerization of glycine-NCA [N-carboxylic acid anhydrides (oxazolidine-2,5-diones)], L-alanine-NCA, and sarcosine-NCA, as well as the pyridine-initiated polymerization of sarcosine-NCA, were carried out in the presence of potential cocatalysts. The 11 electrophilic reagents tested in this work can be divided into two classes: N-acyllactams and similar compounds, which are less reactive than the monomers and have no influence on the polymerization; and isocyanates and N-acyl-NCAs or -NTAs [N-thiocarboxylic acid anhydrides (thiazolldine-2,5-diones)], which are more electrophilic than the monomers and behave as cocatalysts in the case of glycine-NCA and alanine-NCA, since their base-initiated polymerization proceeds via the attack of NCA anions on the electrophilic N-acyl NCA chain and (“activated monomer mechanism”). In the case of sarcosine-NCA, however, the propagation involves a nucleophilic chain end (“carbamate mechanism”) and the strong electrophilic reagents behave as inhibitors.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) with superoxide anion (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with superoxide anion was carried out in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 40°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Remarkable changes in infrared (IR) spectra of the samples treated with superoxide anion were observed in the following regions: ca. 3300, 1680, 1620, and 765 cm-1, which suggested the formation of hydroxyl groups, α,β-unsaturated ketone groups, and ethylenic structures. Ultraviolet-visible spectra also showed the formation of polyene structures. The content of chlorine in the polymer decreased and that of oxygen increased with reaction time. The reaction mechanism was discussed on the basis of these results.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170113
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