Call number:
M 96.0441
;
AWI G6-92-0439
In:
Developments in sedimentology, 48
Type of Medium:
Monograph available for loan
Pages:
xvi, 707 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
ISBN:
0444873910
Series Statement:
Developments in sedimentology 48
URL:
https://external.dandelon.com/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/DE004D1A06D73D73551F1C125789300277E24.pdf
Classification:
Geochemistry
Language:
English
Note:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
Chapter 1. The CO2-Carbonic Acid System and Solution Chemistry
Basic Concepts
Activity Coefficients in Solutions
Influences of Temperature and Pressure
The Carbonic Acid System in Seawater
Calculation of the Saturation State of Seawater with Respect to Carbonate Minerals
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 2. Interactions Between Carbonate Minerals and Solutions
Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals
Basic Concepts
Characteristics of Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals
Solubility Behavior of Carbonate Minerals
General Considerations
Calcite and Aragonite Solubility
Methods for the Calculation of Equilibrium Solution Composition Under Different Conditions
Surface Chemistry of Carbonate Minerals
Basic Principles
Adsorption of Ions on Carbonate Surfaces
Carbonate Dissolution and Precipitation Kinetics
Basic Principles
Reaction Kinetics in Simple Solutions
Reaction Kinetics in Complex Solutions
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3. Coprecipitation Reactions and Solid Solutions of Carbonate Minerals
General Concepts
Background Information
Basic Chemical Considerations
Coprecipitation of "Foreign" Ions in Carbonate Minerals
Examples of Coprecipitation Reactions
General Models for Partition Coefficients in Carbonates
Magnesian Calcite
General Considerations
The Fundamental Problems
Experimental Observations
Hypothesis of a Hydrated Magnesian Calcite
Stable Isotope Chemistry
General Considerations
Oxygen Isotopes
Carbon Stable Isotopes
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 4. The Oceanic Carbonate System and Calcium Carbonate Accumulation in Deep Sea Sediments
An Overview of Major Processes
The CO2 System in Oceanic Waters
The Upper Ocean
The Deep Sea
Saturation State of Deep Seawater with Respect to CaCO3
Sources and Sedimentation of Deep Sea Carbonates
Sources
Sedimentation
The Distribution of CaCO3 in Deep Sea Sediments and Carbonate Lithofacies
General Considerations
The Distribution of CaCO3 in Surface Sediments
Factors Controlling the Accumulation of Calcium Carbonate in Deep Sea Sediments
General Relations
Factors Leading to Variability
Near Interfacial Processes
Variability of Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Deep Sea Sediments with Time
Influence of Glacial Times
The Impact of Fossil Fuel CO2 on the Ocean-Carbonate System
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 5. Composition and Source of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments
Introduction
Shoal-Water Carbonates in Space and Time
Carbonate Grains and Skeletal Parts
Overview and Examples
Sediment Classification
Depositional Environments
Concluding Statement
Biomineralization
General Aspects
Environmental Controls on Mineralogy
Stable Isotopes
Coprecipitation
Precipitation of Carbonates from Seawater
Carbonate Chemistry of Shallow Seawater
Abiotic Precipitation of CaCO3 from Seawater
Sources of Aragonite Needle Muds
Formation of Oöids
Concluding Remarks 238
Chapter 6. Early Marine Diagenesis of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments
Introduction
Some Preliminary Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations
Very Early Diagenesis
Major Diagenetic Processes
Pore Water Chemistry
Precipitation of Early Carbonate Cements
Dissolution of Carbonates
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 7. Early Non-Marine Diagenesis of Sedimentary Carbonates
Introduction
Plate-Tectonic Controls on Diagenesis
General Considerations for Early Non-Marine Diagenesis
Major Types of Non-Marine Environments
Water Chemistry
Reactivity of Sedimentary Carbonates
Major Phase Transformations
The Transformation of Aragonite to Calcite
Dolomite Formation
Summary Remarks
Mass Transfer During Diagenesis
General Considerations
Geochemical Constraints on Mass Transfer
Beachrock Formation
Lithification in the Meteoric Environment
Introduction
The Meteoric Environment and Cement Precipitates
Bermuda: A Case Study of a Meteoric Diagenetic Environment
Introduction
Geological Framework
Limestone Chemistry and Isotopic Composition
Water Chemistry
Carbonate Mass Transfer
A Brief Synthesis of Meteoric Diagenesis
Diagenetic Stages
Effect of Original Mineralogy
Climatic Effects
Rock-Water Relationships
Mixed Meteoric-Marine Regime
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 8. Carbonates as Sedimentary Rocks in Subsurface Processes
Introduction
P,T, and X and Carbonate Mineral Stability
Subsurface Water Chemistry in Sedimentary Basins
Continuous Processes
Pressure Solution
Dolomitization
Mud to Spar Neomorphism
Secondary Porosity
Cementation in the Subsurface
Examples of "Models" of Long-Term Diagenesis
The Present Ocean Setting
The Present Continental Setting
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 9. The Current Carbon Cycle and Human Impact
Introduction
Modern Biogeochemical Cycle of Carbon
A Model for the Cycle of Carbon
Methane and Carbon Monoxide Fluxes
CO2 Fluxes
Human Impact on Carbon Fluxes
The Fossil Fuel and Land Use Fluxes
Observed Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Increase
Future'Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Trends
Consequences of Increased Atmospheric CO2 Levels
The Oceanic System
Sources of Calcium, Magnesium, and Carbon for Modern Oceans
Mass Balance of Ca, Mg, and C in Present Oceans
Oceanic Mass Balance of Elements Interactive with Ca, Mg, and C
Concluding Remarks
Chapter 10. Sedimentary Carbonates in the Evolution of Earth's Surface Environment
Introduction
Sedimentary Rock Mass-Age Distributions
Secular Trends in Sedimentary Rock Properties
Lithologic Types
Chemistry and Mineralogy
Carbon Cycling Modeling
Introduction and Development of a Global Model
Glacial-Interglacial Changes of Carbon Dioxide
Long-Term Changes of Atmospheric CO2
Phanerozoic Cycling of Sedimentary Carbonates
Synopsis of the Origin and Evolution of the Hydrosphere-Atmosphere-Sedimentary Lithosphere
Origin of the Hydrosphere
The Early Stages
The Transitional Stage
Modern Conditions
Concluding Remarks
Epilogue
Introduction
The Road Traveled
The State of the Art
Ever Onward
References
Index
Location:
Upper compact magazine
Location:
AWI Reading room
Branch Library:
GFZ Library
Branch Library:
AWI Library
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