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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (25,033)
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The rising trend in the global energy demand poses new challenges to humankind. The energy and mechanical engineering sectors are called to develop new and more environmentally friendly solutions to harvest residual energy from primary production processes. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an emerging energy system for power production and waste heat recovery. In the near future, this technology can play an increasing role within the energy generation sectors and can help achieve the carbon footprint reduction targets of many industrial processes and human activities. This Special Issue focuses on selected research and application cases of ORC-based waste heat recovery solutions. Topics included in this publication cover the following aspects: performance modeling and optimization of ORC systems based on pure and zeotropic mixture working fluids; applications of waste heat recovery via ORC to gas turbines and reciprocating engines; optimal sizing and operation of ORC under combined heat and power and district heating application; the potential of ORC on board ships and related issues; life cycle analysis for biomass application; ORC integration with supercritical CO2 cycle; and the proper design of the main ORC components, including fluid dynamics issues. The current state of the art is considered and some cutting-edge ORC technology research activities are examined in this book.
    Keywords: organic Rankine cycle system ; zeotropic mixture ; heat exchanger ; low grade heat ; thermodynamic optimization ; method comparison ; micro-ORC ; gear pump ; CFD ; mesh morphing ; pressure pulsation ; cavitation ; dynamic analysis ; energy analysis ; exergy analysis ; organic Rankine cycle ; waste heat recovery ; natural gas engine ; scroll ; opensource CFD ; OpenFOAM ; CoolFOAM ; WOM ; positive displacement machine ; expander ; ORC ; ORC integration technologies ; advanced thermodynamic cycles ; decentralised energy systems ; benzene ; toluene ; cyclopentane ; internal combustion engine ; cogeneration ; district heating ; low sulfur fuels ; regression model ; predictive model ; ship ; techno-economic feasibility ; machinery system optimization ; life cycle assessment ; biomass ; CHP ; carbon footprint of energy production ; Brayton ; environmental impact ; exergy ; life cycle analysis ; performance parameters ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The world’s transport network has developed over thousands of years; emerging from the need of allowing more comfortable trips to roman soldiers to the modern smooth roads enabling modern vehicles to travel at high speed and to allow heavy airplanes to take off and land safely. However, in the last two decades the world is changing very fast in terms of population growth, mobility and business trades creating greater traffic volumes and demand for minimal disruption to users, but also challenges, such as climate change and more extreme weather events. At the same time, technology development to allow a more sustainable transport sector continue apace. It is within this environment and in close consultation with key stakeholders, that this consortium developed the vision to achieve the paradigm shift to Sustainable Multifunctional Automated and Resilient Transport Infrastructures. SMARTI ETN is a training-through-research programme that empowered Europe by forming a new generation of multi-disciplinary professionals able to conceive the future of transport infrastructures and this Special Issue is a collection of some of the scientific work carried out within this context. Enjoy the read.
    Keywords: accelerated pavement testing (APT) ; fatigue ; piezoelectric sensor ; pavement responses ; longitudinal strain ; pavement management system ; embedded sensors ; piezoelectric sensors ; accelerated pavement testing ; life cycle assessment ; environmental impact ; solar road ; semi-transparent layer ; factorial design ; polyurethane ; road pavement distress ; low-cost technologies ; 3D models ; structure-from-motion ; semi-analytical model ; Joints ; rigid pavement ; falling weight deflectometer ; rolling wheel deflectometer ; load transfer ; monitoring ; instrumentation ; road pavement ; sensors ; mechanomutable asphalt materials ; MAMs ; smart materials ; smart roads ; magnetic fields ; pavement monitoring ; accelerometers ; geophones ; pavement instrumentation ; pavement displacement ; condition assessments ; smart infrastructure ; sustainability ; resilience ; land use optimisation ; transport ; geotechnical asset management ; embankment degradation ; railway track degradation ; maintenance ; Euler Bernoulli beam ; poissonian loading ; tuned mass damper ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Regulations that cover the legal obligations that manufacturers are bound to are essential for keeping the general public safe. Companies need to follow the regulations in order to bring their products to market. A good understanding of the regulations and the regulatory pathway defines how fast and at what cost the manufacturer can introduce innovations to the market. Regulatory technology and data science can lead to new regulatory processes and evidence in the medical field. It can equip stakeholders with unique tools that can make regulatory decisions more objective, efficient, and accurate. This book describes the latest research within the broader domain of Medical Regulatory Technology (MedRegTech). It covers concepts such as the complexity and user-friendliness of medical device regulations, novel algorithms for regulatory navigation, descriptive datasets from a health service provider, regulatory data science techniques, and considerations of the environmental impacts within a national health service. This book brings all these aspects together to offer an introduction into MedRegTech research. In the long term, these technologies and methods will help optimize the regulatory strategy for individual healthcare innovations and revolutionize the way we engage with regulatory services.
    Keywords: medical technology ; digital healthcare ; data science ; regulations ; machine learning ; software ; medical device regulations ; healthcare provider ; software as medical device ; technology translation ; quality management system ; law ; medical devices ; regulatory data science ; natural language processing ; linguistic analysis ; optimisation ; medical device ; ecodesign ; environmental impact ; classification ; healthcare ; innovation ; regulation ; decision tree complexity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with transportation activities account for approximately 20 percent of all carbon dioxide (co2) emissions globally, making the transportation sector a major contributor to the current global warming. This book focuses on the latest advances in technologies aiming at the sustainable future transportation of people and goods. A reduction in burning fossil fuel and technological transitions are the main approaches toward sustainable future transportation. Particular attention is given to automobile technological transitions, bike sharing systems, supply chain digitalization, and transport performance monitoring and optimization, among others.
    Keywords: ANOVA-test ; clickbait news ; feature selection ; social network ; taxi demand ; forecasting ; multi-source data ; generative adversarial networks ; container ship traffic flow ; volatility ; generalized Hurst exponents ; long-range dependence ; multifractality ; city buses ; semi-Markov processes ; preventive maintenance ; corrective maintenance ; age-replacement ; minimal repair ; perfect repair ; profit per time unit ; availability ; railway transport ; passengers ; sustainable travel ; ARTIW method ; IHAMCI method ; MCDM ; facial recognition technology ; e-biker ; red-light running behavior ; privacy invasion ; content replacement ; content placement ; content-centric networking ; cache networks ; immaturity ; stretch reduction ; mineral exploration ; natural gamma-ray spectrometry ; ASTER ; fuzzy logic modelling ; Kelâat M’Gouna inlier ; Eastern Anti-Atlas ; Morocco ; collision avoidance ; fuzzy logic ; on board driver assistance ; semi-autonomous ; multi-factor ; VANET ; COVID-19 ; bike sharing system ; urban mobility ; regression analysis ; green transport ; continuous descent approach ; optimized profile descent ; climate change ; terminal maneuvering area ; environmental impact ; applied queueing theory ; air traffic management ; air transportation sustainability ; electric vehicle powertrain ; multispeed discrete transmission ; continuously variable transmission ; two-motors configuration ; four-motors configuration ; border crossings ; sentiments ; personal vehicles ; pedestrians ; US–Mexico ; Google Trends ; digitalization ; BPM ; business process model ; artificial intelligence ; big data ; virtual reality ; internet of things ; cloud computing ; digital security ; additive engineering ; smart cities ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; strategy ; monitoring ; transport equity ; distributional analysis ; accessibility ; space-time model ; transport policy ; OFDM ; LDACS ; aeronautical communication ; impulse noise ; pulse blanking ; ROAD statistics ; location planning ; vehicle scheduling ; electric buses ; charging stations ; partial charging ; human-machine interaction ; scenarios ; use cases ; remote operation ; highly automated vehicles ; user-centered design ; remote assistance ; remote driving ; bike-sharing system (BSS) ; mode choice ; stated choice experiment ; multinomial logit model ; transport demand model ; technological transitions ; automobiles ; system dynamics ; dynamical systems ; bifurcations ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book collects research activities focused on the development of new processes to replace obsolete practices that are often highly invasive, unsustainable, and socially unacceptable.Taking inspiration from real problems and the need to face real cases of contamination or prevent potentially harmful situations, the development and optimization of ‘smart’ solutions, i.e., sustainable not only from an environmental point of view but also economically, are discussed in order to encourage, as much as possible, their actual implementation.
    Keywords: water resources ; virtual water trade ; input-output method ; Gansu province ; ecological consumption ; influencing factors ; panel regressions ; ecological footprint ; innovative envelope ; building components ; green roofs ; indoor comfort ; energy consumption ; building modelling ; simulation models ; chitosan ; chromium ; heavy metals ; adsorption ; kinetics ; low-cost adsorbent ; tannery ; ion exchange ; nanobubbles ; contaminated soil ; electrokinetic ; in situ ; remediation ; Spinacia oleracea microbiota ; electrochemically activated solution ; peroxyacetic acid ; sanitization ; 16s rRNA pyrosequencing ; amplicon sequence variants ; alpha diversity ; bacterial community composition ; sedimentation ; drag ; fractal aggregates ; shear-thinning ; non-Newtonian fluids ; suspensions ; numerical simulations ; environmental impact ; waste management ; industrial production ; investment project ; risk evaluation ; multicriterial approach ; production planning ; carbon regulation ; reconditioning ; green logistics ; optimization ; drinking water treatment plant ; advection–diffusion–reaction ; chlorine dosage ; simulator validation ; industrial application ; biodegradation ; dehalogenase-producing bacteria ; haloalkanoic acids ; trichloroacetic acid ; 16S rRNA ; Lysinibacillus ; building energy efficiency ; European environmental brands ; tourism sector ; agritourism ; nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) ; submerged marine debris ; economic valuation ; contingent valuation ; economic benefit ; willingness to pay ; proecological behavior ; circular economy ; environmental management ; survey ; nonparametric methods ; serpentinite ; magnesium oxide ; calcination ; particle size distribution ; specific surface area ; magnesium potassium phosphate matrix ; radioactive waste ; immobilization ; hydrolytic stability ; strength ; pH-neutral electrochemically activated solution ; total bacterial count ; Salmonella Enteritidis ; egg cuticle integrity ; soil remediation ; soil contamination ; greenhouse ; phytoextraction ; mobilizing agents ; photosynthetic efficiency ; photovoltaics ; luminescent dyes ; energy savings ; sustainability ; cork–graphite electrode ; electrochemistry ; lead ; environmental application ; environmental pollution and remediation ; hazardous waste management ; soil and water reclamation ; nanomaterials ; sustainable processes ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Rare Earth Elements - Emerging Advances, Technology Utilization, and Resource Procurement illustrates the global interest in rare earth elements. The section on “Emerging Advances and Technology” presents research on the usage of rare earth elements in emerging technologies involving medicine, digital technology, mineral processing, and chemistry. The section on “Utilization and Resource Procurement” focuses on the global issues of pollution because of rare earth mining. The research presented underlies the rapid development of emerging technologies that require rare earth elements and the social issues that arise because of these technologies.
    Keywords: sensors ; luminescence ; lanthanides ; molecular dynamics ; leaching ; environmental impact ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDP Other manufacturing technologies::TDPM Metals technology / metallurgy
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book covers technical articles based on individual contributions from a number of authors working on offshore wind, wave and tidal energy research. Articles describing various aspects of offshore wind, wave and tidal energies including resource prediction, shape optimisation of energy converters, optimal design of rotors for cost reductions, numerical modelling of large scale array energy converters, numerical simulation of electricity converting machines, hybrid energy converters, control system for generators, farm interactions, assessing economic benefits, and energy production benefits have been included in this book. This book will find its use to researchers and industries working in offshore renewable technologies.
    Keywords: TJ1-1570 ; TA170-171 ; tidal energy ; resource assessment ; multi-platform concepts ; environmental impact ; offshore wind energy ; wave energy ; laboratory modeling ; numerical modelling ; arrays of energy converters ; economic assessments ; levelised cost of energy ; energy conversion ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCW Pharmaceutical chemistry and technology
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is dedicated to the use of nanomaterials for the modification of asphalt binders, and to investigate whether or not the use of nanomaterials for asphalt mixtures fabrication achieves more effective asphalt pavement layers. A total of 10 contributions are included. Four are related to “Binder’s modification” and five to “Asphalt mixtures’ modification”. The remaining contribution is a review of the effects of the modifications on nanomaterials, particularly nanosilica, nanoclays and nanoiron, on the performance of asphalt mixtures. The published group of papers fosters awareness about the use of nanomaterials to modify asphalt mixtures to obtain more performant and durable flexible road pavements.
    Keywords: Graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) ; asphalt ; Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) ; structural performance ; functional performance ; nanomaterials ; life cycle assessment ; nano-modified asphalt materials ; environmental impact ; spring-thaw season ; freeze-thaw cycle ; Nanomaterial modifier ; nano hydrophobic silane silica ; property improvement ; seasonally frozen region ; aggregate-bitumen interface ; bond strength ; nano titanium dioxide ; epoxy emulsified asphalt ; photocatalysis ; exhaust gas degradation ; modified asphalt mixtures ; polymers ; rheological behavior ; fatigue cracking ; permanent deformation ; modified bitumen ; nanosilica ; nanoclay ; nanoiron ; asphalt mixtures ; mechanical performance ; aging sensitivity ; ageing ; plastic film ; urban waste ; moisture ; indirect tensile strength ; graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) ; EAF steel slag ; microwave heating ; self-healing ; Asphalt modification ; modifier chemistry ; long-term aging ; asphalt rheology ; phase angle ; delta Tc ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue was to attract papers in the new era of sustainability and food packaging that address all major sectors of the food industry from cereals and confectionery to fruits and vegetables, meat, and dairy products.
    Keywords: pathogenic bacteria ; food contact surface ; transfer ; Brassica ; life cycle analysis ; wooden boxes ; environmental impact ; multilayer packaging ; flexible packaging ; polyolefin ; recyclability ; redesign ; mono-material ; shelf-life of foods ; starch film ; packaging ; edible ; reinforcement ; interface ; instant noodle ; antimicrobial activity ; biofilm ; biodegradable polymers ; food packaging ; duck fat ; chitosan ; edible coating ; chicken meat ; shelf-life ; cereals ; confectionary ; bakery ; food quality ; sustainable packaging ; active and intelligent packaging ; modified atmosphere packaging ; vacuum packaging ; blockchain ; RFID ; food package ; food supply chain ; food ; snacks ; life cycle assessment ; LCA ; CO2 footprint ; food losses and food waste ; environmentally friendly ; eco-friendly ; sustainable ; consumer ; strategy ; attribute ; cue ; marketing ; wafer ; potato starch ; potato protein ; potato peel-based films ; biopolymer modification ; bioplastics ; environmentally-friendly ; consumer perception ; biodegradation ; sustainability ; 3D printing ; plastic ; biopolymer ; films ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book introduces the recent technologies introduced for gases capture including CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx, and H2. Various processes and theories for gas capture and removal are presented. The book provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of environmental and chemical science and engineering.
    Keywords: in situ gasification chemical looping combustion ; high-flux circulating fluidized bed ; counter-flow moving bed ; gas leakage ; coupling mechanism ; carbon capture and utilization ; biogas upgrading ; calcium carbonate precipitation ; chemical absorption ; gas pressure ; gas content ; gas basic parameters ; rapid estimation technology ; supercritical water oxidation ; high-pressure separation ; oxygen recovery ; energy recovery ; economic analysis ; coal-direct chemical looping combustion ; theoretical methodology ; high-flux ; pressure gradient ; gas mole fraction ; activity ; UNIFAC ; phase equilibrium ; threshold value ; CO2 capture ; calcium looping ; chemical sorption ; anti-attrition ; pore-former particle size ; Reaction ; kinetics ; carbon dioxide ; N-methyldiethanolamine ; L-Arginine ; stopped flow technique ; carbon capture ; CO2 sequestration ; steel-making waste ; steel slag ; H2S absorption ; amine solutions ; glycols ; desulfurization ; aqueous and non-aqueous solutions ; gas diffusion ; unipore diffusion model ; bidisperse diffusion model ; dispersive diffusion model ; refinery plants ; industrial gas streams ; petrochemical processes ; waste gases ; activated carbons ; catalytic activation ; physicochemical structure ; SO2 adsorption ; optimal conceptual design ; market prediction ; economic uncertainty ; environmental impact ; carbon dioxide separation ; Aspen Plus ; CCGT ; Taguchi ; Minitab ; optimization ; 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol ; modelling and Simulation ; post-combustion capture ; exergy analysis ; flowsheeting configurations ; nanofluids ; absorption intensification ; mass transfer coefficient ; bubble column ; global warming ; membrane contactor ; removal of NO2 and CO2 ; coke oven ; carbonaceous deposits ; spectral analysis ; mechanism ; arsenene ; doping ; first principles study ; gas adsorption ; two-dimensional ; waste polyurethane foam ; physical activation ; high selectivity ; ultra-micropore ; mechanical activation ; iron ore ; carbonation ; calcination ; recyclability ; mechanochemical reactions ; carbonation kinetics ; MXene ; gas separation ; Knudsen diffusion ; molecular sieving ; transport mechanism ; spiral nozzle ; gas absorption ; spray atomization ; droplet size ; droplet velocity ; gas emission ; capture ; CO2 ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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