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  • Other Sources  (940)
  • Geozon Science Media  (920)
  • American Physical Society
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
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  • 1
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    The difference between pollen types and plant taxa: a plea for clarity and scientific freedom (2007)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-28
    Description: Dieser Artikel diskutiert den Charakter von Pollentypen. Wir argumentieren, dass Pollentypen und Pflanzentaxa komplett unterschiedliche Entitäten (morphologische bzw. taxonomische) sind, und deswegen unterschiedlich behandelt und dargestellt werden sollten. Allgemeine Probleme der konventionellen Nomenklatur von Pollentypen werden anhand von Beispielen aus der europäischen palynologischen Praxis illustriert. Wir plädieren für Deutlichkeit in der Nomenklatur von Pollentypen und für die wissenschaftliche Freiheit, ‘unkonventionelle‘ Methoden zu benutzen, um Verwirrung zu vermeiden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.7 ; palynological methods ; pollen morphology ; pollen type nomenclature
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Muted multidecadal climate variability in central Europe during cold stadial periods (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: During the last ice age, the Northern Hemisphere experienced a series of abrupt millennial-scale climatic changes linked to variations in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and sea-ice extent. However, our understanding of their impacts on decadal-scale climate variability in central Europe has been limited by the lack of high-resolution continental archives. Here, we present a near annual-resolution climate proxy record of central European temperature reconstructed from the Eifel maar lakes of Holzmaar and Auel in Germany, spanning the past 60,000 years. The lake sediments reveal a series of previously undocumented multidecadal climate cycles of around 20 to 150 years that persisted through the last glacial cycle. The periodicity of these cycles suggests that they are related to the Atlantic multidecadal climate oscillations found in the instrumental record and in other climate archives during the Holocene. Our record shows that multidecadal variability in central Europe was strong during all warm interstadials, but was substantially muted during all cold stadial periods. We suggest that this decrease in multidecadal variability was the result of the atmospheric circulation changes associated with the weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the expansion of North Atlantic sea-ice cover during the coldest parts of the last ice age.
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  • 3
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    Genomic and enzymatic evidence for acetogenesis among multiple lineages of the archaeal phylum Bathyarchaeota widespread in marine sediments (2016)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-13
    Description: Members of the archaeal phylum Bathyarchaeota are widespread and abundant in the energy-deficient marine subsurface sediments. However, their life strategies have remained largely elusive. Here, we provide genetic evidence that some lineages of Bathyarchaeota are acetogens, being capable of homoacetogenesis, a metabolism so far restricted to the domain Bacteria. Metabolic reconstruction based on genomic bins assembled from the metagenome of deep-sea subsurface sediments shows that the metabolism of some lineages of Bathyarchaeota is similar to that of bona fide bacterial homoacetogens, by having pathways for acetogenesis and for the fermentative utilization of a variety of organic substrates. Heterologous expression and activity assay of the acetate kinase gene ack from Bathyarchaeota, demonstrate further the capability of these Bathyarchaeota to grow as acetogens. The presence and expression of bathyarchaeotal genes indicative of active acetogenesis was also confirmed in Peru Margin subsurface sediments where Bathyarchaeota are abundant. The analyses reveal that this ubiquitous and abundant subsurface archaeal group has adopted a versatile life strategy to make a living under energy-limiting conditions. These findings further expand the metabolic potential of Archaea and argue for a revision of the role of Archaea in the carbon cycle of marine sediments.
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  • 4
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    Adaptation of phytoplankton to a decade of experimental warming linked to increased photosynthesis (2017)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-11
    Description: Phytoplankton photosynthesis is a critical flux in the carbon cycle, accounting for approximately 40% of the carbon dioxide fixed globally on an annual basis and fuelling the productivity of aquatic food webs. However, rapid evolutionary responses of phytoplankton to warming remain largely unexplored, particularly outside the laboratory, where multiple selection pressures can modify adaptation to environmental change. Here, we use a decade-long experiment in outdoor mesocosms to investigate mechanisms of adaptation to warming (+4 °C above ambient temperature) in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in naturally assembled communities. Isolates from warmed mesocosms had higher optimal growth temperatures than their counterparts from ambient treatments. Consequently, warm-adapted isolates were stronger competitors at elevated temperature and experienced a decline in competitive fitness in ambient conditions, indicating adaptation to local thermal regimes. Higher competitive fitness in the warmed isolates was linked to greater photosynthetic capacity and reduced susceptibility to photoinhibition. These findings suggest that adaptive responses to warming in phytoplankton could help to mitigate projected declines in aquatic net primary production by increasing rates of cellular net photosynthesis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Function and functional redundancy in microbial systems (2018)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-10
    Description: Microbial communities often exhibit incredible taxonomic diversity, raising questions regarding the mechanisms enabling species coexistence and the role of this diversity in community functioning. On the one hand, many coexisting but taxonomically distinct microorganisms can encode the same energy-yielding metabolic functions, and this functional redundancy contrasts with the expectation that species should occupy distinct metabolic niches. On the other hand, the identity of taxa encoding each function can vary substantially across space or time with little effect on the function, and this taxonomic variability is frequently thought to result from ecological drift between equivalent organisms. Here, we synthesize the powerful paradigm emerging from these two patterns, connecting the roles of function, functional redundancy and taxonomy in microbial systems. We conclude that both patterns are unlikely to be the result of ecological drift, but are inevitable emergent properties of open microbial systems resulting mainly from biotic interactions and environmental and spatial processes.
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  • 6
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    Physical mechanisms of the linear stabilization of convection by rotation (2022)
    American Physical Society
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    Publication Date: 2023-01-04
    Description: Despite the well-known limitations of linear stability theory in describing nonlinear and turbulent flows, it has been found to accurately capture the transitions between certain nonlinear flow behavior. Specifically, the transition in heat flux scaling in rotating convective flows can be well predicted by applying a linear stability analysis to simple profiles of a convective boundary layer. This fact motivates the present study of the linear mechanisms involved in the stability properties of simple convective setups subject to rotation. We look at an idealized two-layer setup and gradually add complexity by including rotation, a bounded domain, and viscosity. The two-layer setup has the advantage of allowing for the use of wave interaction theory, traditionally applied to understand stratified and homogeneous shear flow instabilities, in order to quantify the various physical mechanisms leading to the growth of convective instabilities. We quantitatively show that the physical mechanisms involved in the stabilization of convection by rotation take two different forms acting within the stratified interfacial region, and in the homogeneous mixed layers. The latter of these we associate with the tendency of a rotating flow to develop Taylor columns (TCs). This TC mechanism can lead to both a stabilization or destabilization of the instability and varies depending on the parameters of the problem. A simple criterion is found for classifying the influence of these physical mechanisms.
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  • 7
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    Ongoing climate change following a complete cessation of carbon dioxide emissions (2011)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-06
    Description: A threat of irreversible damage should prompt action to mitigate climate change, according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which serves as a basis for international climate policy. CO2-induced climate change is known to be largely irreversible on timescales of many centuries1, as simulated global mean temperature remains approximately constant for such periods following a complete cessation of carbon dioxide emissions while thermosteric sea level continues to rise1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we use simulations with the Canadian Earth System Model to show that ongoing regional changes in temperature and precipitation are significant, following a complete cessation of carbon dioxide emissions in 2100, despite almost constant global mean temperatures. Moreover, our projections show warming at intermediate depths in the Southern Ocean that is many times larger by the year 3000 than that realized in 2100. We suggest that a warming of the intermediate-depth ocean around Antarctica at the scale simulated for the year 3000 could lead to the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which would be associated with a rise in sea level of several metres2,7,8.
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  • 8
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    Das Paläolithikum von Ziegenhain und von Lenderscheid (Bez. Kassel) (1952)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-08
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.7
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    Ökologie, Taxonomie und Verbreitung der nichtmarinen Ostrakoden-Gattung Scottia im Quartär von Europa (1971)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-05
    Description: Scottia browniana (Jones 1850) Brady & Norman 1889 war bisher als einziger Vertreter der Gattung Scottia aus dem Quartär von Europa bekannt. Die Art wurde zuerst fossil in Sedimenten des Mittel- und Altpleistozäns gefunden. Später glaubte man, diese Art auch rezent nachgewiesen zu haben. Auffallende Unterschiede zeigten sich in den ökologischen Ansprüchen: Während die rezenten Exemplare nur in unmittelbarer Nähe von kalten Quellen vorkommen, fanden sich die Fossilien überwiegend in den wärmeren Abschnitten von interglazialen Ablagerungen. Diese Diskrepanz führte zur Untersuchung des Belegmaterials von den Typlokalitäten. Dabei stellte sich heraus, daß die rezenten Exemplare mit den fossilen artlich nicht identisch sind. Die rezente Art wird infolgedessen als Scottia pseudobrowniana n. sp. beschrieben. Ferner konnte ermittelt werden, daß Cypris tumida Jones 1850 sowie Bythocypris candonaeformis Schweyer 1949 ebenfalls in die Gattung Scottia zu stellen sind. Synonym mit Scottia tumida (Jones 1850) n. comb, ist Cyclocypris huckei Triebel 1941, während Cyclocypris triebeli Kempf 1967 mit Scottia browniana (Jones 1850) synonym ist. Ob Scottia candonaeformis (Schweyer 1949) n. comb, als selbständige Art oder als Synonym von Scottia browniana zu bewerten ist, muß anhand des Materials von der Typlokalität noch überprüft werden. Insgesamt sind nunmehr mindestens drei Scottia-Arten aus dem Quartär von Europa bekannt. Von diesen wurden Scottia browniana und Scottia tumida bislang nur in warmzeitlichen Ablagerungen des Alt- und Mittelpleistozäns nachgewiesen. Scottia pseudobrowniana ist überwiegend rezent bekannt, findet sich gelegentlich aber auch fossil in Quellkalken und Seekreiden des Jungpleistozäns und Holozäns. Entsprechend der Verbreitungskarte sollte Südosteuropa oder Asien als Ausbreitungszentrum der Gattung Scottia in Betracht gezogen werden.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.7
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Ist der Oberharz im Pleistozän vergletschert gewesen? (1968)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-05
    Description: Einige Ergebnisse zur Frage der pleistozänen Harzvergletscherungen werden mitgeteilt. Diese Ergebnisse, die bei einer geologischen Kartierung des oberen Odertales gewonnen wurden, erbringen den Nachweis, daß dieses Gebiet im Pleistozän vergletschert war. Die Geländeuntersuchungen im Odertal konzentrierten sich auf vier Endmoränenbögen und die mit ihnen verknüpften Ablagerungen, die in folgende geologisch-geomorphologische Einheiten untergliedert werden können: 1) Sander-Vorfeld, 2) Endmoränenlandschaft mit Blockwällen, Schmelzwasserrinnen und Toteislöchern, 3) Seitenmoränenlandschaft mit Kamesterrassen, Schmelzwasserrinnen, Toteislöchern, paraglazialen Teilfeldern und erratischen Geschieben, 4) Gletscherzungenbecken mit bis zu 23 m mächtigen, glazilimnischen Sedimenten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.7
    Language: German
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