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  • hypertension  (174)
  • Springer  (174)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1980-1984  (130)
  • 1975-1979  (44)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (174)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentration of α-methyldopa and sulphate conjugate after oral administration of methyldopa and intravenous administration of methyldopa and methyldopa hydrochloride ethyl ester (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: α-methyldopa ; plasma concentration ; hypertension ; sulphate conjugation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentrations of free α-methyldopa and methyldopa sulphate conjugate were measured in 7 hypertensive patients with normal renal function following α-methyldopa (1 g) orally. Five of these patients subsequently received α-methyldopa ethyl ester (250 mg) (methyldopate) intravenously and two further patients received 250 mg of α-methyldopa intravenously. After oral administration a large amount of total plasma α-methyldopa was present as sulphate conjugate. There were wide interindividual differences in the ratio of free: conjugated α-methyldopa in plasma (ratio at 4 hours ranged from 3.73 – 0.83) suggesting that individual differences in the extent of sulphate conjugation may occur. There was no close correlation between the degree of conjugation and the fall in arterial pressure. At all time intervals examined, plasma concentrations were higher following intravenous α-methyldopa than α-methyldopate. The plasma concentration of α-methyldopa (free and esterified) 60 minutes after i.v. α-methyldopate was 1.7±0.3 µg/ml wile at the same time after the same dose of methyldopa by the same route the mean concentration was 5.9 µg/ml. Although small amounts of sulphate conjugate were detected after i.v. α-methyldopate, insignificant quantities of conjugate were found after i.v. α-methyldopa. The average fall in mean arterial pressure was 27 mm Hg following i.v. α-methyldopa but only 2.7 mm Hg following α-methyldopate. These results suggest that sulphate conjugation of α-methyldopa occurs in the gastrointestinal tract during absorption. Hydrolysis of α-methyldopa ethyl ester does not appear to be instantaneous and pharmacokinetic differences between the ester and free α-methyldopa have been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562310
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of diazoxide on left ventricular performance in hypertension (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 387-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Left ventricular pressure ; left ventricular contractility ; hypertension ; diazoxide ; beta-adrenergic blockade ; isometric exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of diazoxide on left ventricular performance during rest and isometric exercise (handgrip) was examined in 16 unselected hypertensive patients, 6 of whom had been pretreated with the beta-adrenergic blocking agent pindolol. Diazoxide regularly and promptly produced a fall in left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures, and an increase in heart rate and left ventricular dp/dtmax. Haemodynamic changes were maximal 2 minutes after injection of the drug and decreased little over the next 8 minutes. After beta-adrenergic blockade, diazoxide caused a more pronounced reduction in left ventricular systolic pressure and a less marked fall in end-diastolic pressure, whilst the diazoxide-induced rise in heart rate was partially and the increase of dp/dtmax was completely inhibited. The increase in systolic pressure during isometric exercise was not influenced by diazoxide, but the positive inotropic reaction was augmented. The findings appear to show that cardiac stimulation by diazoxide is due to a reflex mechanism transmitted by baroreceptors, and that improvement of cardiac performance is mainly due to a reduction of left ventricular after-load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562311
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with penbutolol (Hoe 893d). I. Effects on blood pressure, pulse rate, catecholamines in blood and urine, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone under basal conditions and following exercise (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Beta-blockade ; penbutolol ; hypertension ; plasma and urinary catecholamines ; plasma renin ; aldosterone excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of penbutolol (Hoe 893 d), a new non-selective beta-receptor blocking agent, were studied in 5 patients with moderate hypertension. Initially, it was shown that 2–4 mg given orally once or twice daily tended to lower blood pressure and pulse rate, both at rest and following submaximal work. In prolonged trials (3–8 months) 40–60 mg/day were required to produce an acceptable antihypertensive effect. Penbutolol had no effect on the normal increase in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline on standing, nor did it alter basal urinary catecholamine excretion. Submaximal work caused no significant change in plasma catecholamines before treatment, but there was a marked rise both in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline during treatment with penbutolol. In short term studies there was a fall in plasma renin by 4 hours after oral administration of penbutolol 2–4 mg, which persisted for 24 hours. Prolonged treatment with penbutolol 20–30 mg twice daily inhibited renin production under basal conditions and following submaximal work, as well as lowered basal urinary aldosterone excretion. In one patient slight asthmatic symptoms appeared after treatment for 3 months with penbutolol. In other respects penbutolol was well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613424
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the antihypertensive effect of atenolol (ICI 66 082) and propranolol (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Propranolol ; atenolol ; hypertension ; cardio-selective ; beta-adrenergic blockade ; antihypertensive therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Propranolol was given to 30 patients with essential hypertension following randomised, double-blind administration of either placebo or a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, atenolol (Tenormin®, ICI 66 082). Both atenolol and propranolol caused statistically significant reduction of recumbent and erect blood pressure and heart rate. There were no important differences between these variables on comparison of atenolol and propranolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606549
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of the interaction of propranolol and a potent vasodilator antihypertensive agent — Minoxidil (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Propranolol ; minoxidil ; hypertension ; cardiac output ; plasma renin activity ; non-invasive techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study, using non-invasive techniques, was carried out in ten patients with essential hypertension to examine the mechanism of the hypotensive effect of propranolol when used in combination with a potent vasodilator antihypertensive — minoxidil. The hypotensive effect of minoxidil, a mean (± SEM) decrease of 42.4±4.3 mm Hg, was accompanied by a marked increase in heart rate, cardiac index and plasma renin activity and a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance, limb vascular resistance and pre-ejection period. Addition of propranolol further reduced mean arterial pressure by an average of 12.9±2.0 mm Hg. Propranolol returned cardiac index to control values and total peripheral resistance index rose but not to control levels. Plasma renin activity was significantly reduced by propranolol. By multiple regression analysis no correlation was found between propranolol-induced decrease in mean arterial pressure and changes in cardiac index, total peripheral resistance index or plasma renin activity. Quantitatively, the reduction in cardiac index observed probably accounted for the hypotensive effect of propranolol. The role of plasma renin activity reduction in the hypotensive effect of propranolol in this situation remains to be clarified. The findings in the present study were consonant with the known actions of vasodilator antihypertensive agents and propranolol and indicate the applicability of non-invasive methodology to the investigation of cardiovascular drugs in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606548
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypotensive effect of oxprenolol in mild to moderate hypertension: a multicentre controlled study (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 21-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Multicentre controlled trial ; hypertension ; oxprenolol ; hydrochlorothiazide dihydralazine ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a multicentre, double-blind, between-patient study the hypotensive effect of oxprenolol was investigated in 329 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. A factorial experimental design with three factors was chosen: oxprenolol — none or daily doses of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg; dihydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively, none or 30 mg daily. Each treatment was given for 4 weeks after an adequate period of withdrawal from any other possible hypotensive therapy and one week of placebo wash-out. Irrespective of the association with dihydralazine and/or hydrochlorothiazide, oxprenolol had a hypotensive effect linearly related to dose for standing systolic (P〈0.05) and diastolic (P〈0.01) pressure, and for lying diastolic (P〈0.05) pressure. The addition of dihydralazine enhanced the time-course of the hypotensive effect of oxprenolol, particularly the 80 mg dose level. In general, the combination of oxprenolol with dihydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide caused larger reductions in blood pressure, particularly with oxprenolol 80 mg. In the latter group, the eventual falls in blood pressure were 30.5 and 14.4 mmHg for lying systolic and diastolic, respectively; and 32.1 and 20.0 mmHg for the standing systolic and diastolic pressures. The drug was well tolerated; major side effects (heart failure and bronchospasm) occurred in three patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reserpine and breast cancer in women in Germany (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Reserpine ; cancer ; mammary gland ; women ; benign breast disease ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Exposure to reserpine was compared in 181 women interviewed prior to biopsy and found to have breast cancer and 307 women found to have a benign disorder of the breast. The age-adjusted relative risk of breast cancer in those who had taken reserpine was 0.6 (95% confidence limits: 0.4 and 1.1). When the 181 breast cancer patients were compared with a second control group of 101 women with a benign condition requiring surgery, the relative risk was 0.9 (95% confidence limits: 0.4 and 1.7). Neither long-term exposure nor its timing, gave any evidence of an association with breast cancer. The findings in this study do not support the hypothesis that rauwolfia derivatives initiate or promote breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562896
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid during treatment with clonidine or alprenolol (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Clonidine ; alprenolol ; amine metabolites ; cerebrospinal fluid ; hypertension ; noradrenaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the major metabolites of noradrenaline (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl glycol, HMPG), serotonin (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) and dopamine (homovanillic acid) were measured before and during the administration of clonidine or alprenolol to hypertensive patients. The noradrenaline receptor stimulant clonidine significantly decreased the CSF level of HMPG, but there was no consistent change in the concentration of serotonin or dopamine metabolites. Patients on alprenolol showed no change in the levels of these metabolites in CSF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562903
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations of propranolol in patients with essential hypertension (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Propranolol ; plasma concentration ; hypertension ; individual drug dosage ; plasma renin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen patients with essential hypertension were treated with propranolol 160 to 640 mg daily for three months. Significant decreases both in recumbent and standing blood pressure were observed after three days treatment and subsequently. Reduction of blood pressure was more pronounced when the dose of propranolol was increased. However, neither the mean dose nor the plasma concentration of propranolol could be correlated with the mean decrease in blood pressure. There was great interindividual variation in the plasma concentrations of propranolol produced by the same daily dose. The initial stimulation of plasma renin activity and the therapeutic response to propranolol could not be correlated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term effect of timolol and hydrochlorothiazide, or hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride, in essential hypertension (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta adrenergic blockers ; diuretics ; hypertension ; renin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four patients with mild to moderate hypertension were treated for up to 60 weeks with hydrochlorothiazide and either placebo, timolol, or timolol and amiloride. The effect of adding timolol and amiloride to hydrochlorothiazide was evaluated in a double blind trial. In 22 of the 24 patients a supine diastolic blood pressure below or equal to 95 mm Hg was produced by hydrochlorothiazide and timolol. Replacing a potassium supplement with amiloride increased the antihypertensive effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645129
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