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  • Life Sciences (General)  (5,184)
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 2010-2014  (411)
  • 2005-2009  (423)
  • 2000-2004  (2,422)
  • 1995-1999  (4,618)
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  • 1
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    Neurolab: Final Report for the Ames Research Center Payload (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-16
    Description: Neurolab, the final Spacelab mission, launched on STS-90 on April 17, 1998, was dedicated to studying the nervous system. NASA cooperated with domestic and international partners to conduct the mission. ARC's (Ames Research Center's) Payload included 15 experiments designed to study the adaptation and development of the nervous system in microgravity. The payload had the largest number of Principal and Co-Investigators, largest complement of habitats and experiment unique equipment flown to date, and most diverse distribution of live specimens ever undertaken by ARC, including rodents, toadfish, swordtail fish, water snails, hornweed and crickets To facilitate tissue sharing and optimization of science objectives, investigators were grouped into four science discipline teams: Neuronal Plasticity, Mammalian Development, Aquatic, and Neurobiology. Several payload development challenges were experienced and required an extraordinary effort, by all involved, to meet the launch schedule. With respect to hardware and the total amount of recovered science, Neurolab was regarded as an overall success. However, a high mortality rate in one rodent group and several hardware anomalies occurred inflight that warranted postflight investigations. Hardware, science, and operations lessons were learned that should be taken into consideration by payload teams developing payloads for future Shuttle missions and the International Space Station.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: NASA/TM-2002-211841
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  • 2
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    Does Simulated Weightlessness Alter the Methylation Status of Gene Promoters During Bone Remodeling? (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-09
    Description: The skeleton interacts with its environment in a way that resembles a mechanostat - through a controlled process of bone remodeling, namely local formation and resorption, to maintain a healthy structure. During weightlessness, astronauts lose structure in weight-bearing bones due to decreased formation by osteoblasts and increased resorption by osteoclasts. In contrast, increased mechanical loading through exercise targets bone remodeling to remove and repair microdamage, improving structural integrity. In fact, recent advances in astronaut exercise regimens have prevented the deleterious changes in skeletal structure during spaceflight. However, knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of the skeletal response to spaceflight and to mechanical stimulation is limited. We propose that epigenetic modification, specifically DNA methylation, may influence osteoblast differentiation and activity during spaceflight and exercise. We hypothesize that simulated weightlessness hypermethylates pro-osteoblastogenic gene promoters and decreases expression of osteoblastogenic genes. Oppositely, we hypothesize that mechanical loading hypomethylates pro-osteoblastogenic gene promoters and increases expression of osteoblastogenic genes.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN16021 , Annual Meeting of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research; Oct 22, 2014 - Oct 26, 2014; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 3
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    Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators' Workshop (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-13
    Description: The First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators' Workshop, held January 11-13, 1999, was unique in that it assembled, for the first time, a broad cross section of NASA-funded biomedical researchers to present the current status of their projects and their plans for future investigations. All principal investigators with active, or recently-completed ground-based projects in NASA's Biomedical Research and Countermeasures Program that were funded through NASA's Office of Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications were invited. Included were individual investigators funded through NASA Research Announcements, investigators with NASA Specialized Centers of Research and Training, investigators with the recently established National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), and NASA civil servant investigators. Seventy-seven percent of all eligible projects were presented at the workshop. Thus, these Proceedings should provide a useful snapshot of the status of NASA-funded space biomedical research as of January 1999. An important workshop objective was to achieve free and open communication among the presenting investigators. Therefore, presentation of new and incomplete results, as well as hypotheses and ideas for future research, was encouraged. Comments and constructive criticisms from the presenters' colleagues were also encouraged. These ground rules resulted in many lively and useful discussions, during both the presentation sessions and informal evening gatherings and breaks.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators' Workshop|First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators'' Workshop; Jan 11, 1999 - Jan 13, 1999; League City, TX; United States
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  • 4
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    Visible Motion Blur (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A method of measuring motion blur is disclosed comprising obtaining a moving edge temporal profile r(sub 1)(k) of an image of a high-contrast moving edge, calculating the masked local contrast m(sub1)(k) for r(sub 1)(k) and the masked local contrast m(sub 2)(k) for an ideal step edge waveform r(sub 2)(k) with the same amplitude as r(sub 1)(k), and calculating the measure or motion blur Psi as a difference function, The masked local contrasts are calculated using a set of convolution kernels scaled to simulate the performance of the human visual system, and Psi is measured in units of just-noticeable differences.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
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  • 5
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    Micro-Organ Device (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A method for fabricating a micro-organ device comprises providing a microscale support having one or more microfluidic channels and one or more micro-chambers for housing a micro-organ and printing a micro-organ on the microscale support using a cell suspension in a syringe controlled by a computer-aided tissue engineering system, wherein the cell suspension comprises cells suspended in a solution containing a material that functions as a three-dimensional scaffold. The printing is performed with the computer-aided tissue engineering system according to a particular pattern. The micro-organ device comprises at least one micro-chamber each housing a micro-organ; and at least one microfluidic channel connected to the micro-chamber, wherein the micro-organ comprises cells arranged in a configuration that includes microscale spacing between portions of the cells to facilitate diffusion exchange between the cells and a medium supplied from the at least one microfluidic channel.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
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  • 6
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    System for In-Situ Detection of Plant Exposure to Trichloroethylene (TCE) (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A system detects a plant's exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) through plant leaf imaging. White light impinging upon a plant's leaf interacts therewith to produce interacted light. A detector is positioned to detect at least one spectral band of the interacted light. A processor coupled to the detector performs comparisons between photonic energy of the interacted light at the one or more spectral bands thereof and reference data defining spectral responses indicative of leaf exposure to TCE. An output device coupled to the processor provides indications of the comparisons.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
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  • 7
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    Micro-organ device (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A method for fabricating a micro-organ device comprises providing a microscale support having one or more microfluidic channels and one or more micro-chambers for housing a micro-organ and printing a micro-organ on the microscale support using a cell suspension in a syringe controlled by a computer-aided tissue engineering system, wherein the cell suspension comprises cells suspended in a solution containing a material that functions as a three-dimensional scaffold. The printing is performed with the computer-aided tissue engineering system according to a particular pattern. The micro-organ device comprises at least one micro-chamber each housing a micro-organ; and at least one microfluidic channel connected to the micro-chamber, wherein the micro-organ comprises cells arranged in a configuration that includes microscale spacing between portions of the cells to facilitate diffusion exchange between the cells and a medium supplied from the at least one microfluidic channel.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
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  • 8
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    Engineered human broncho-epithelial tissue-like assemblies (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Three-dimensional human broncho-epithelial tissue-like assemblies (TLAs) are produced in a rotating wall vessel (RWV) with microcarriers by coculturing mesenchymal bronchial-tracheal cells (BTC) and bronchial epithelium cells (BEC). These TLAs display structural characteristics and express markers of in vivo respiratory epithelia. TLAs are useful for screening compounds active in lung tissues such as antiviral compounds, cystic fibrosis treatments, allergens, and cytotoxic compounds.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
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  • 9
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    Physico-Chemical-Managed Killing of Penicillin-Resistant Static and Growing Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Vegetative Bacteria (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Systems and methods for the use of compounds from the Hofmeister series coupled with specific pH and temperature to provide rapid physico-chemical-managed killing of penicillin-resistant static and growing Gram-positive and Gram-negative vegetative bacteria. The systems and methods represent the more general physico-chemical enhancement of susceptibility for a wide range of pathological macromolecular targets to clinical management by establishing the reactivity of those targets to topically applied drugs or anti-toxins.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
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  • 10
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    Mineralized three-dimensional bone constructs (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The present disclosure provides ex vivo-derived mineralized three-dimensional bone constructs. The bone constructs are obtained by culturing osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors under randomized gravity vector conditions. Preferably, the randomized gravity vector conditions are obtained using a low shear stress rotating bioreactor, such as a High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV) culture system. The bone constructs of the disclosure have utility in physiological studies of bone formation and bone function, in drug discovery, and in orthopedics.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
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