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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry  (17)
  • INGV  (13)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (4)
  • American Physical Society
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: Gas data of the Los Azufres geothermal field were analyzed using a method based on equilibrium of the Fischer- Tropsch (FT) reaction: CH4 + 2H2O = 4H2 +CO2 and on the combined pyrite-hematite-magnetite (HSH2) reactions: 5/4 H2 +3/2 FeS2 +3/4 Fe2O3 + 7/4 H2O = 3 H2S +Fe3O4 in order to estimate reservoir temperature and excess steam. The solution of equilibrium equations produces a grid (FT-HSH2). This method is suitable for reservoirs with relatively high H2S but low H2 and NH3 concentrations in the fluid as is the case of the Los Azufres well discharges. Reservoir temperature and reservoir excess steam values were estimated for initial and present conditions in representative wells of the field to study the evolution of fluids, because of exploitation and waste fluids reinjection. This method was very useful in estimating reservoir temperatures in vapor wells, while in two-phase wells it was found that as the well produces a smaller fraction of water, the reservoir temperature estimation agrees qualitatively with results from cationic or silica geothermometers. For liquid-dominated wells the reservoir temperature estimations agree with temperatures obtained from the well simulator WELFLO. This indicates that FT-HSH2 results provide the temperature of the fluid entering the well where the last equilibrium occurs. Results show a decrease in reservoir temperatures in the southern zone of the field where intensive reinjection takes place. With exploitation, it was also noted that the deep liquid phase in the reservoir is changing to two-phase increasing the reservoir steam fraction and the non-condensable gases in well discharges.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Los Azufres geothermal field ; gas geochemistry ; geothermal gas equilibria ; reservoir exploitation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Radon-in-soil monitoring at the Poas volcano (Costa Rica) has been performed together with water chemistry from the hot crater lake since 1981 and 1983 respectively. The results are discussed as a function of the eruptive evolution of the volcano over a 13 years period (1981-1994). It is shown that no definitely clear precursory radon signals have been recorded. On the contrary, ionic species concentrations are likely to be considered good precursors, together with the temperature variations of the crater lake water.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Poas volcano ; geochemistry ; radon ; precursor ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A theoretical method for estimating the characteristics of radon transport in homogeneous soil is developed. The method allows the following characteristics to be estimated: depth distribution function of the soil gas radon concentration, equilibrium radon concentration in the soil air, depth at which the radon concentration reaches its equilibrium value, radon flux density from the Earths surface, and convective radon transport velocity. The method is based on soil gas radon concentration measurements and is appropriate in the case of relatively uniform geology.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: method ; radon ; soil ; convectiv evelocity ; radon flux density ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The identified emissions of abiogenic carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane are generally attributed to volcanic activity or to geochemical processes associated with thermometamorphic effects. In this paper we show another possible abiogenic source of emission, induced by mechanical, and not thermal, stresses. We investigated the mechanochemical production of carbon dioxide and methane when friction is applied to marly-type rock and studied the mechanisms determining the strong CO2 and CH4 emissions observed. A ring mill was used to apply friction and oriented pressure upon a synthetic calcite-clay mixture of varying proportions. We found that the CO2 and CH4 release versus the grinding action has a non-linear trend reflecting the behaviour of decreasing crystallinity, which indicates a close link between crystallinity and gas production. For the CO2 emission, we propose a release mechanism connected with the friction-induced fractures and the increase in structural disorders induced by creep in the lattice. The CH4 emission could be explained by a Sabatier reaction in which CO2 and hydrogen are involved to form CH4 and water.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: gas geochemistry ; earthquake precursors ; greenhouse gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Sampled from the Gangxi oil field in the Huanghua depression, Bohaiwan Basin, the crude oil He and Ar isotopic compositions and their geochemical significance were investigated. The result shows that i) the 3He/4He values of the six oil samples free from air contamination indicate a mantle helium contribution ranging between 13.9% and 32.8% and averaging 24.1%, which means that the Gangxi oil field once had a tectonic background of the mantle-derived helium input and higher geothermal flow with an average of 75.0 mWm-2; ii) deduced from the 40Ar/36Ar aging effect the Gangxi oil should be derived from the Tertiary; iii) water injection is the main reason for the air contamination for the Gangxi oil noble gases and the relations between 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne as well as 40Ar/36Ar and 4He/20Ne are of an applicative potential in estimating the water injection effect and the connectivity of producing formations. The search for the crude oil He and Ar isotopes provides a new approach to inferring natural gas and oil sources, tectonic backgrounds, geothermal flow and water injection effect.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: crude oil ; noble gas tracing ; Gangxi oil field ; Huanghua depression ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Long-term geochemical monitoring performed in the seismic area of the Umbria-Marche region of Italy (i.e. Central Apennines) has allowed us to create a model of the circulation of fluids and interpret the temporal chemical and isotopic variations of both the thermal springs as well as the gas vents. Coincident with the last seismic crisis, which struck the region in 1997-1998, an enhanced CO2 degassing on a regional scale caused a pH-drop in all the thermal waters as a consequence of CO2 dissolution. Furthermore, much higher 3He/4He isotope ratios pointed to a slight mantle-derived contribution. Radon activity increased to well above the ±2 sinterval of the earlier seismic period, after which it abruptly decreased to very low levels a few days before the occurrence of the single deep-located shock (March 26, 1998, 51 km deep). The anomalous CO2 discharge was closely related to the extensional movement of the normal faults responsible for the Mw 5.7, 6.0 and 5.6 main shocks that characterized the earlier seismic phase. In contrast, a clear compressive sign is recognizable in the transient disappearance of the deep-originating components related to the Mw 5.3, 51 km-deep event that occurred on March 26, 1998. Anomalies were detected concomitantly with the seismicity, although they also occurred after the seismic crisis had terminated. We argue that the observed geochemical anomalies were driven by rock permeability changes induced by crustal deformations, and we describe how, in the absence of any release of elastic energy, the detection of anomalies reveals that a seismogenic process is developing. Indeed, comprehensive, long-term geochemical monitoring can provide new tools allowing us to better understand the development of seismogenesis.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geochemical monitoring ; seismicity ; helium ; thermal waters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Terrestrial heat flow density, q, is inversely correlated with the age, t, of tectono-magmatic activity in the Earth's crust (Polyak and Smirnov, 1966; etc.). «Heat flow-age dependence» indicates unknown temporal heat sources in the interior considered a priori as the mantle-derived diapirs. The validity of this hypothesis is demonstrated by studying the helium isotope ratio, 3He/4He = R, in subsurface fluids. This study discovered the positive correlation between the regionally averaged (background) estimations of R- and q-values (Polyak et al., 1979a). Such a correlation manifests itself in both pan-regional scales (Norhtern Eurasia) and separate regions, e.g., Japan (Sano et al., 1982), Eger Graben (Polyak et al., 1985) Eastern China rifts (Du, 1992), Southern Italy (Italiano et al., 2000), and elsewhere. The R-q relation indicates a coupled heat and mass transfer from the mantle into the crust. From considerations of heat-mass budget this transfer can be provided by the flux consisting of silicate matter rather than He or other volatiles. This conclusion is confirmed by the correlation between 3He/ 4He and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the products of the volcanic and hydrothermal activity in Italy (Polyak et al., 1979b; Parello et al., 2000) and other places. Migration of any substance through geotemperature field transports thermal energy accumulated within this substance, i.e. represents heat and mass transfer. Therefore, only the coupled analysis of both material and energy aspects of this transfer makes it possible to characterise the process adequately and to decipher an origin of terrestrial heat flow observed in upper parts of the earth crust. An attempt of such kind is made in this paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: heat flow ; helium isotope ratio ; geothermal energy ; mass transfer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In order to obtain information on the hydrological signature of rivers during and after heavy rain events, small catchment areas are selected as experimental sites. Hydrograph separations based on environmental tracers are performed. Natural isotopic tracers such as 18O, 2H and particularly 222Rn may help to distinguish the components dominating the outflow, particularly of 'pre-event waters', 'event waters' and 'post-event waters'. Even with moderate concentrations in groundwater, radon can be a very sensitive indicator of groundwater input into rivers. The selected microbasin under investigation is situated in the western part of Luxembourg and belongs to the Attert River catchment. At chosen points at the basin's outflow radon detectors continuously measure radon activity in water. The radon monitors are installed together with high precision thermometers, conductivity meters, flow meters and automatic water samplers for chemical analysis. Besides the continuous measurements, grab water samples are taken at different locations along the stream, most of them during periods of heavy rain events. Presented are the results of a one year measurement campaign. During the dry season i.e. during more or less continuous discharge conditions, the observed mean values do not show substantial variations and can be used as reference values. Fluctuations of the measured data during rain events are discussed and the interplay between the different parameters analysed.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: radon ; hydrology ; tracer ; hydrograph separation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Pre-seismic related strains in the Earth s crust are the main cause of the observed geophysical and geochemical anomalies in ground waters preceding an earthquake. Posoc?je Region, situated along the Soc?a River, is one of the most seismically active areas of Slovenia. Our measuring stations close to the Posoc?je Region were installed in the thermal springs at Bled in 1998 and at Zatolmin in 1999. Since the beginning of our survey, radon concentration, electrical conductivity and water temperature have been measured continuously once every hour. In May 2002, the number of geochemical parameters monitored was extended to ionic concentration, pH and Eh, which are analysed once a month. Before seeking a correlation between geochemical and geophysical anomalies with seismic events, the influence of meteorological (atmospheric precipitation, barometric pressure) and hydrological (water table of the Tolminka River) factors on observed anomalies were studied. Results at Zatolmin showed that some radon variation during the period from June to October 2002 may be related to seismic activity and not only to meteorological effects.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: radon ; electrical conductivity ; ions ; thermal springs ; earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Le metodologie di indagine geochimica applicate ad un’ampia porzione dell’Appennino meridionale, esteso dalla Calabria settentrionale ai Monti Nebrodi, nell’ambito del progetto INGV-DPC S2, hanno consentito di valutare le caratteristiche dei fluidi emessi in coincidenza di importanti lineamenti strutturali, permettendo di evidenziare le relazioni intercorrenti tra l’assetto tettonico e la genesi, la circolazione ed il comportamento dei fluidi circolanti. L’area di studio rappresenta la porzione più meridionale dell’Arco Calabro, il cui stile deformativo dominante dal Pleistocene medio all’attuale, è caratterizzato da una estensione ESE-WNW. Nella Sicilia nord-orientale, le faglie neotettoniche dislocano i livelli crostali più superficiali e si dispongono secondo direzioni preferenziali orientati circa NW-SE con meccanismi deformativi a componente trascorrente ed estensionale e N-S/NE-SO con meccanismi deformativi trascorrenti, a tratti con componente compressiva. Le strutture crostali radicate sono rappresentate dal sistema “Patti-Eolie”, che si connette a terra con il sistema “Tindari-Letojanni” e dal “sistema di Messina”. Il primo mostra, anche a livello sismologico, caratteri deformativi transtensivi; nel secondo sistema, caratterizzato da faglie a prevalente componente distensiva del rigetto la catena presenta un tasso di sollevamento recente non uniforme, con valori massimi lungo la costa messinese ionica e tassi minori lungo quella tirrenica. L’esistenza di fenomeni attivi di sollevamento regionale è dimostrato da alcune evidenze, come la presenza di argille marine quaternarie affioranti diverse centinaia di metri al di sopra del livello del mare nonché di piattaforme di abrasione tirreniane ben sviluppate ad una altitudine di circa 130 m. nei pressi di Taormina e sul versante calabrese dello stretto di Messina. La struttura tettonica più importante che interseca il sistema Ibleo-Maltese è costituito dal sistema di faglie di Messina, orientato NNE-NNW. Il terremoto di Messina del 1908 è stato attribuito ad una “faglia cieca” nell’area di Messina. Lungo le principali strutture tettoniche, sono presenti attività idrotermali e di degassamento note da tempi storici, che dal punto di vista geochimico mostrano caratteristiche molto diverse in funzione della loro ubicazione.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reggio Calabria
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: fluidi ; Tettonica attiva ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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