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  • Articles  (7)
  • Greece  (6)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Humans
  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • Geography  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tsunamis in and near Greece and their relation to the earthquake focal mechanisms (1991)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 4 (1991), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Tsunami ; tsunami earthquake ; earthquake mechanism ; tsunamigenic zone ; Greece ; eastern Mediterranean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The major earthquake-induced tsunamis reliable known to have occurred in and near Greece since antiquity are considered in the light of the recently obtained reliable data on the mechanisms and focal depths of the earthquakes occurring here. (The earthquake data concern the major shocks of the period 1962–1986.) First, concise information is given on the most devastating tsunamis. Then the relation between the (estimated) maximum tsunami intensity and the earthquake parameters (mechanism and focal depth) is examined. It is revealed that the most devastating tsunamis took place in areas (such as the western part of the Corinthiakos Gulf, the Maliakos Gulf, and the southern Aegean Sea) where earthquakes are due to shallow normal faulting. Other major tsunamis were nucleated along the convex side of the Hellenic arc, characterized by shallow thrust earthquakes. It is probably somewhere there (most likely south of Crete) that the region's largest known tsunami occurred in AD 365, claiming many lives and causing extensive devastation in the entire eastern Mediterranean. Such big tsunamis seem to have a return period of well over 1000 years and can be generated by large shallow earthquakes associated with thrust faulting beneath the Hellenic trench, where the African plate subduces under the Euroasian plate. Lesser tsunamis are known in the northernmost part of the Aegean Sea and in the Sea of Marmara, where strike-slip faulting is observed. Finally, an attempt is made to combine the tsunami and earthquake data into a map of the region's main tsunamigenic zones (areas of the sea bed believed responsible for past tsunamis and expected to nucleate tsunamis in the future).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00162785
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the reliability of different methods of seismic hazard assessment in Greece (1990)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 3 (1990), S. 141-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; macroseismic intensity ; seismic zonation ; ‘mean value’ method ; Cornell's method ; Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Historical and present century instrumental data have been used to determine seismic hazard in 35 sites of Greece by the application of Cornell's method (Cornell, 1968) and the ‘mean value’ method. The macroseismic intensity has been considered as a measure of seismic hazard. Comparison of the results of the two methods showed that, in general, the ‘mean value’ method gives higher values, particularly for low probabilities of exceedance. In addition, for some sites, the differences of the expected intensities resulting from the two methods, indicate that finer tuning of the seismogenic souce model is required, or suggest time dependence. Although each one of these methods has its own merits, the method based on seismic zonation (Cornell's method) has several advantages and must be preferred when an accurate zonation is possible by the use of macroseismic and instrumental seismic data, together with geological and geomorphological information. However, reliable estimates of seismic hazard at a particular site require work on a microzoning scale, incorporating historical, archaeological, and recent geological data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00140428
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The solar wind and human birth rate: A possible relationship due to magnetic disturbances (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Briths ; Humans ; Solar wind ; Geomagnetism ; Melatonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Data obtained from the literature on the annual pattern of human conceptions and plasma melatonin at high latitudes indicated that simple annual rhythms do not exist. Instead, prominent semiannual rhythms are found, with equinoctial troughs and solsticial peaks. A prominent semiannual environmental event is the magnetic disturbance induced by the solar wind. The semiannual magnetic disturbances are worldwide, but most pronounced in the auroral zones where the corpuscular radiation enters the atmosphere. Magnetic indices that predominantly reflect these events were obtained from the literature and correlated with the melatonin and conception data. Significant and inverse correlations were found for Inuit conceptions and the melatonin data. The correlations obtained for 48 contiguous states of the United States indicated that only the extreme northern states exhibited this relationship. These data were compared with a previous correlational study in the United States which established that sunshine was correlated with conceptions in the middle latitude and southern states. An hypothesis of dual control by electromagnetic and magnetic energies is proposed: melatonin is a progonadal hormone in humans controlled by both factors, depending on their relative strength. Other studies are reviewed regarding the possible factors involved in determining the annual pattern of human conceptions. Demographic studies of geographic variation in temporal patterns of conceptions, with particular regard to variations of the magnetic fields on the earth's surface, may provide some insight into the efficacy of these different factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045819
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Too hot for comfort: The heatwaves in Greece in 1987 and 1988 (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 98-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Heatwave ; Relative strain index ; Discomfort index ; Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The heatwaves that affected Greece in July 1987 and July 1988 are considered in terms of (i) the relative strain index. For different types of activity, and (ii) the discomfort index. Hourly values of air temperature and humidity for Thessaloniki and Athens were used as the data base. Both indices show that in terms of physiological strain and general discomfort, Thessaloniki suffered a little more and a little longer than Athens. We conclude that the relative strain index is probably a useful tool in studies of the adverse effects of humid heatwaves on different sections of a population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01093455
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axios river basin water quality management (1991)
    Springer
    Water resources management 5 (1991), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Water quality management ; Axios river basin ; Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a consistent methodology to analyze the water quality management of a river basin. Mathematical modelling techniques are used to establish the water quality characteristics of the study area and to assess the effects of alternative management strategies in a quantitative way. The Axios river basin in Northern Greece is used as a target area to demonstrate the capabilities of the methodology and the computational framework. The study provides a thorough examination of the water use in the river basin, the associated water quality standards, external factors influencing the water quality and alternative measures. Finally, a quantitative comparison of management strategies is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421996
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regionalization of seismic hazard in Greece based on seismic sources (1993)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 8 (1993), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; regionalization ; Greece ; attenuation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A semi-probabilistic approach to the seismic hazard assessment of Greece is presented. For this reason, a recent seismotectonic model for shallow and intermediate depth earthquake sources, based on historical as well as on instrumental data, was used. Different attenuation formulae were proposed for the macroseismic intensity and the strong ground motion parameters for the shallow and the intermediate focal depth shocks. The data were elaborated in terms of McGuire's computer program, which is based on the Cornell's method. A grid of equally spaced points at 20 km distance was made and the seismic hazard recurrence curves for various parameters of the seismic intensity was estimated for each point. Finally, seismic hazard maps for the area of Greece were compiled utilizing the entire range of recurrence curves. These maps depict areas of equal seismic hazard and for every area the analytical relations of the typeSI =f(Tm), whereSI is a seismic intensity parameter andTm is the mean return period, were determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596232
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evapotranspiration measurements over a soybean field (1991)
    Springer
    Water resources management 5 (1991), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Evapotranspiration ; soybeans ; heatwave ; Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Evapotranspiration data over a soybean field were obtained from a weighing lysimeter during 1988, when the month of July was marked by intense heatwave in Greece. Soil water contents were determined by neutron probe at regular intervals before and after irrigation. Meteorological measurements, including mean daily values of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and precipitation allowed the study of reference evapotranspiration and its comparison with class-A pan evaporimeter data during this period of extreme exposure conditions. Values of the Priestley-Taylor parameter, α, were derived and a mean value of 1.58 was found. A generalized basal crop coefficient curve was determined from the lysimetric data and the time evolution of soil moisture profiles according to Wright's procedure. A rather high peak value, 1.4, for the soybean crop coefficient was obtained. This is mainly attributed to the very high crop evapotranspiration demands during the 1988 heatwave in Greece and the differences in the method of deriving the crop coefficient and computing the reference evapotranspiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421994
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