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  • Other Sources  (589)
  • Springer  (408)
  • Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)  (115)
  • AMS (American Meteorological Society)  (64)
  • PANGAEA
  • 2015-2019  (589)
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  • 1
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    OncIdent—an interactive identification key for Oncaeidae Giesbrecht, 1893 ["1892"] (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) (2019)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-27
    Description: An interactive (multi-access) global identification key (OncIdent) has been developed for the pelagic marine microcopepod family Oncaeidae and made accessible online. Details of the general approach and development of the key are given in Bottger-Schnack and Schnack (J Nat Hist 49:2727-2741, 2015). After beta-testing, new additions include illustrations for all species and feature attributes considered, plus a textual summary of each species' feature states in the key. Additional taxonomic notes are given where required, highlighting morphological or molecular genetic peculiarities or problems, with links to large data bases leading directly to more comprehensive information about each species. The present paper briefly reviews the taxonomic background for key construction, summarizes the opportunities and limitations of the current online version OncIdent2.0, and provides guidance for its practical use.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Bacterial Symbionts Retrieved from Shallow Water Hydrothermal Vents (2016)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Marine sponges and other sessile macro-organisms were collected at a shallow water hydrothermal site in Eyjafjörður, Iceland. Bacteria were isolated from the organisms using selective media for actinomycetes, and the isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity. A total of 111 isolates revealed antimicrobial activity displaying different antimicrobial patterns which indicates production of various compounds. Known test strains were grown in the presence of ethyl acetate extracts from one selected isolate, and a clear growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus was observed down to 0.1 % extract concentration in the medium. Identification of isolates shows different species of Actinobacteria with Streptomyces sp. playing the largest role, but also members of Bacilli, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Sponges have an excellent record regarding production of bioactive compounds, often involving microbial symbionts. At the hydrothermal vents, however, the majority of active isolates originated from other invertebrates such as sea anemones or algae. The results indicate that antimicrobial assays involving isolates in full growth can detect activity not visible by other methods. The macro-organisms inhabiting the Eyjafjörður hydrothermal vent area host diverse microbial species in the phylum Actinobacteria with antimicrobial activity, and the compounds responsible for the activity will be subject to further research.
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  • 3
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    Developing, communicating and utilising knowledge for sustainable transformation: Science Platform Sustainability 2030; Goals and Benefits of the Science Platform for the German Sustainable Development Strategy (2017)
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Science Platform at a glance In the new version of the German Sustainable Development Strategy, the Federal Government called on the scientific community to create a platform that is systematically involved in the steering, dialogue and implementation processes of the 2030 Agenda and its sustainability architecture. In response to this, the Science Platform Sustainability 2030 was launched on 8 May 2017 and was presented to the public one day later at the 13th BMBF Forum for Sustainability. The platform is supported by three organising institutions: the Sustainable Development Solutions Network Germany (SDSN Germany), the German Committee Future Earth (DKN Future Earth) and the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), which houses the platform’s secretariat. A steering committee consisting of 26 members from science, the business community, and civil society is responsible for the platform’s activities and operative management. The committee also links the platform with other actors from science, politics, economics and civil society in an effort to build an effective, representative and internationally anchored platform. Additional support is provided by a circle of government agencies (open to all federal ministries) – currently including the BMBF, the BMUB, the BMZ, the BMEL and the Federal Chancellery.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program: A New International Ocean Observing System (2017)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: For decades oceanographers have understood the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) to be primarily driven by changes in the production of deep-water formation in the subpolar and subarctic North Atlantic. Indeed, current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections of an AMOC slowdown in the twenty-first century based on climate models are attributed to the inhibition of deep convection in the North Atlantic. However, observational evidence for this linkage has been elusive: there has been no clear demonstration of AMOC variability in response to changes in deep-water formation. The motivation for understanding this linkage is compelling, since the overturning circulation has been shown to sequester heat and anthropogenic carbon in the deep ocean. Furthermore, AMOC variability is expected to impact this sequestration as well as have consequences for regional and global climates through its effect on the poleward transport of warm water. Motivated by the need for a mechanistic understanding of the AMOC, an international community has assembled an observing system, Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), to provide a continuous record of the transbasin fluxes of heat, mass, and freshwater, and to link that record to convective activity and water mass transformation at high latitudes. OSNAP, in conjunction with the Rapid Climate Change–Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID–MOCHA) at 26°N and other observational elements, will provide a comprehensive measure of the three-dimensional AMOC and an understanding of what drives its variability. The OSNAP observing system was fully deployed in the summer of 2014, and the first OSNAP data products are expected in the fall of 2017.
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  • 5
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    Identifying marginal supplying countries of wood products via trade network analysis (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: Purpose: The consequential inventory modeling approach for life cycle assessment implies that an increase in the demand for a specific product is met by the marginal suppliers within the market. The identification of marginal suppliers is however complicated by difficulties in defining appropriate geographical market delimitations. In this study, an advanced system thinking approach is proposed to address this challenge in the identification of marginal supplying countries of wood products. Methods: Groups of countries which represent geographical markets are identified from trade data by using a network analysis-based clustering technique. Within these markets, marginal supplying countries are selected based on positive historical increments. The analysis covers 12 different products and all countries in the world using trade data for the period 1998–2013. Results and discussion: Global indices allow differentiating how product-specific trade networks are separated into communities and how interconnected these networks are. Large differences between products and minor differences between trade years are observed. Communities identified for each product tend to overlap with existing geographical regions and seem thus realistic. By combining this information with product-specific production increment rankings, marginal supplying countries of wood products were identified. Conclusions: The identified geographical market delimitation is a key for proper consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) inventory modeling in areas such as timber-based construction and biomass-based energy production. The method can in principle be applied to any product for which trade network data are available and ideally should be accompanied by a detailed analysis of technological constrains within the identified supplying country.
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  • 6
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    Evolution of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in a model with an improved North Atlantic Current (2017)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: This article investigates the dynamics and temporal evolution of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) in a coupled climate model. The model contains a correction to the North Atlantic flow field to improve the path of the North Atlantic Current, thereby alleviating the surface cold bias, a common problem with climate models, and offering a unique opportunity to study the AMV in a model. Changes in greenhouse gas forcing or aerosol loading are not considered. A striking feature of our results is the contrast between the western and eastern sides of the subpolar gyre in the model. On the western side, heat supply from the ocean plays a major role, with most of this heat being given up to the atmosphere in the warm phase, largely symmetrically about the time of the AMV maximum. By contrast, on the eastern side, the ocean gains heat from the atmosphere, with relatively little role for ocean heat supply in the years before the AMV maximum. Thereafter, the balance changes with heat now being removed from the eastern side by the ocean leading to a reducing ocean heat content, behavior we associate with the establishment of an intergyre gyre at the time of the AMV maximum. In the warm phase, melting sea-ice leads to a freshening of surface waters northeast of Greenland which travel southward into the Irminger and Labrador Sea, shutting down convection and terminating the AMV warm phase.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Loop Current variability - its relation to meridional overturning circulation and the impact of Mississippi discharge (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: The dynamics of the Loop Current (LC) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) during transient climates and interglacials, and its interaction with changes in sea level, atmospheric circulation, and Mississippi River (MR) discharge were studied. Geochemical proxy records and numerical modeling indicate that LC eddy shedding and its related heat transport into the GoM increased during the deglaciation. The model simulations imply decreased LC eddy shedding at lowered sea levels, while transports through Yucatan and Florida straits increased due to the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and increased wind-driven transport in the North Atlantic. Consistent with the model, (isotope) geochemical proxy records from the northern GoM show glacial/interglacial amplitudes significantly larger than in the Caribbean and extreme cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) due to the vanishing LC eddy shedding. Prominent deglacial melt water releases observed south and west of the MR delta are neither present in the northeastern GoM, nor in sea-surface salinity-records in the subtropical North Atlantic. The freshwater signals were either a regionally restricted phenomenon or due to changes in the isotopic composition of the discharged water. Our results question the impact of MR megadischarges on the large-scale overturning circulation.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    The use of a flow field correction technique for alleviating the North Atlantic cold bias with application to the Kiel Climate Model (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: The North Atlantic cold bias, associated with the misplacement of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and typically extending from the surface to 1000 m depth, is a common problem in coupled models that compromises model fidelity. We investigate the use of a flow field correction (FFC) to adjust the path of the NAC and alleviate the cold bias. The FFC consists of three steps. First, climatological potential temperature (T) and salinity (S) fields for use with the model are produced using a three-dimensional restoring technique. Second, these T, S fields are used to modify the momentum equations of the ocean model. In the third stage, the correction term is diagnosed to construct a flow-independent correction. Results using the Kiel Climate Model show that the FFC allows the establishment of a northwest corner, substantially alleviating the subsurface cold bias. A cold bias remains at the surface but can be eliminated by additionally correcting the surface freshwater flux, without adjusting the surface heat flux seen by the ocean model. A model version in which only the surface fluxes of heat and freshwater are corrected continues to exhibit the incorrect path of the NAC and a strong subsurface bias. We also show that the bias in the atmospheric circulation is reduced in some corrected model versions. The FFC can be regarded as a way to correct for model error, e.g. associated with the deep water mass pathways and their impact on the large-scale ocean circulation, and unresolved processes such as eddy momentum flux convergence.
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  • 9
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    Seamounts (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: Definition: Seamounts are literally mountains rising from the seafloor. More specifically, they are “any geographically isolated topographic feature on the seafloor taller than 100 m, including ones whose summit regions may temporarily emerge above sea level, but not including features that are located on continental shelves or that are part of other major landmasses” (Staudigel et al., 2010). The term “guyot” can be used for seamounts having a truncated cone shape with a flat summit produced by erosion at sea level (Hess, 1946), development of carbonate reefs (e.g., Flood, 1999), or partial collapse due to caldera formation (e.g., Batiza et al., 1984). Seamounts 〈1,000 m tall are sometimes referred to as “knolls” (e.g., Hirano et al., 2008). “Petit spots” are a newly discovered subset of sea knolls confined to the bulge of subducting oceanic plates of oceanic plates seaward of deep-sea trenches (Hirano et al., 2006).
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    The 12.4 ka Upper Apoyeque Tephra, Nicaragua: stratigraphy, dispersal, composition, magma reservoir conditions and trigger of the plinian eruption (2016)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: Upper Apoyeque Tephra (UAq) was formed by a rhyodacitic plinian eruption in west-central Nicaragua at 12.4 ka BP. The fallout tephra was dispersed from a progressively rising plinian eruption column that became exposed to different wind speeds and directions at different heights in the stratosphere, leading to an asymmetric tephra fan with different facies in the western and southern sector. Tephra dispersal data integrated with geochemical compositions of lava flows in the area facilitate delimitation of the source vent to the south of Chiltepe Peninsula. UAq, Lower Apoyeque Tephra, Apoyeque Ignimbrite, and two lithic clasts in San Isidro Tephra together form a differentiation trend distinct from that of the younger tephras and lavas at Chiltepe Volcanic Complex in a TiO2 versus K2O diagram, compositionally precluding a genetic relationship of UAq with the present-day Apoyeque stratovolcano. Apoyeque Volcano in its present shape did not exist at the time of the UAq eruption. The surface expression of the UAq vent is now obscured by younger eruption products and lake water. Pressure-temperature constraints based on mineral-melt equilibria and fluid inclusions in plagioclase indicate at least two magma storage levels. Clinopyroxenes crystallised in a deep crustal reservoir at ~24 km depth as inferred from clinopyroxene-melt inclusion pairs. Chemical disequilibrium between clinopyroxenes and matrix glasses indicates rapid magma ascent to the shallower reservoir at ~5.4 km depth, where magnesiohornblendes and plagioclase fractionated at a temperature of ~830°C. Water concentrations were ~5.5 wt. % as derived from congruent results of amphibole and plagioclase-melt hygrometry. The eruption was triggered by injection of a hotter, more primitive melt into a water-supersaturated reservoir.
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