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  • 1
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    Completeness and calibration of the Italian Seismological Instrumental and Parametric Database (ISIDe) before 16 April 2005 (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-12
    Description: The Italian Seismological Instrumental and Parametric Database (ISIDe) is the recipient of earthquake data collected in real-time by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), and used by the studies of earthquake forecasting and seismic hazard assessment in Italy in the last decade. When it went online, following a significant improvement of the seismic acquisition system of INGV, it was including only data since the second fortnight of April 2005. About ten years later, the data since the beginning of 1985 suddenly appeared without any prior notice than the updating of the starting date of the dataset. However, the characteristics of the added data appeared clearly different from the following period both in terms of the numbers of located earthquakes and of types of magnitudes provided. After having analyzed the numerical consistency and the calibration of magnitudes of ISIDe as a function of time from 1985 to 15 April 2005, we can say that such a dataset is incomplete and poorly calibrated compared to other catalogs of Italian seismicity (CSTI, CSI, and HORUS) available for the same period. Hence, we suggest not using it as is for statistical analyses of Italian seismicity. However, it provides some magnitudes that are missed by other catalogs and thus might be used for improving such catalogs.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
    Description: In press
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: magnitude calibration ; moment magnitude ; magnitude regression ; homogenized magnitude ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Macroseismic intensity attenuation models calibrated in Mw for Italy (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: This study aims at developing new macroseismic intensity attenuation models valid for Italy by exploiting the most updated macroseismic dataset and earthquakes catalogue, as well as the information obtained from a critical analysis of the most recent models in the literature. Several different attenuation models have been calibrated as a function of the moment magnitude (Mw) and epicentral distance from 16,260 intensity data points, that are related to 119 earthquakes occurred after 1900. According to trends and residuals analysis, the preferred calibrated intensity attenuation function is a Log-Linear model for epicentral distance (Repi in km) and a linear model for Mw as: I(MCS) = 1.81 − 2.61LogR − 0.0039R + 1.42Mw with pseudo hypocentral distance R = √R2 + (9.87)2 ; the estimated standard deviation is epi σ=0.75. Also noteworthy is another model for macroseismic intensity attenuation that proved to be as good as the best model and shows higher sensitivity to physical parameters, such as focal depth and magnitude, especially in the epicentral area. Performance of all calibrated models was also checked on an independent set of 15 post-1900 Italian earth- quakes. One of the results of the present work is the opportunity to define earthquake sce- narios (e.g. probabilistic seismic hazard maps) in terms of Macroseismic Intensity and its related standard deviation, avoiding the uncertainties due to the conversion of various ground shaking parameters into intensity values.
    Description: Published
    Description: 795–843
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Macroseismic Intensity ; Intensity Attenuation ; Macroseismic Data ; Italy ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Design displacement for lifelines at fault crossings: the code-based approach for Europe (2023)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The earthquake-resistant design of lifelines, such as pipelines, tunnels and bridges, is based on the reliable representation and estimation of the seismic loading. In the case of lifeline–fault crossings, the design fault displacement is typically derived from estimates based on fault dimensions via empirical fault scaling relations for a given “design” scenario event. This approach comes with an unknown level of safety because the fault productivity and the actual distribution of earthquake events are essentially disregarded. To overcome this challenge, a simplified approach is proposed by statistically analyzing the outcome of probabilistic fault displacement hazard analyses (PFDHAs). A selection of faults from the 2020 European Fault-Source Model is used to build the logic tree and to set the range of parameters considered in the PFDHAs. The methodology allows the (mostly conservative) approximation of the fault displacement corresponding to any given return period based on readily available data, namely fault productivity, fault mechanism, fault length, and lifeline crossing location on the fault. The proposed methodology has been proposed and adopted as an informative Annex in prEN 1998-4:2022.
    Description: Open access funding provided by HEAL-Link Greece. The current work has been partially undertaken in as part of the Horizon 2020 Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance in Europe (SERA, Grant Agreement No. 730900). The first and the second author have received partial funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme “METIS-Seismic Risk Assessment for Nuclear Safety” under Grant Agreement No. 945121 and also, the financial support provided by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the “2nd Call for H.F.R.I. Research Projects to support Faculty Members & Researchers”, Project “TwinCity—Climate-Aware Risk and Resilience Assessment of Urban Areas under Multiple Environmental Stressors via Multi-Tiered Digital City Twinning” (Number: 2515) is gratefully acknowledged.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2677–2720
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lifelines ; Fault crossing ; Design fault displacement ; Uncertainties ; Eurocodes ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    From ambient vibration data analysis to 1D ground-motion prediction of the Mj 5.9 and the Mj 6.5 Kumamoto earthquakes in the Kumamoto alluvial plain, Japan (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-21
    Description: We present horizontal ground motion predictions at a soft site in the Kumamoto alluvial plain for the Mj 5.9 and Mj 6.5 Kumamoto earthquakes of April 2016, in the framework of an international blind prediction exercise. Such predictions were obtained by leveraging all available information which included: (i) analysis of earthquake ground motions; (ii) processing of ambient vibration data (AMV); and (iii) 1D ground response analysis. Spectral analysis of earthquake ground-motion data were used to obtain empirical estimates of the prediction site amplification function, with evidence of an amplification peak at about 1.2 Hz. Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio analysis of AMV confirmed this resonance frequency and pointed out also a low-frequency resonance around 0.3 Hz at the prediction site. AMV were then processed by cross-correlation, modified spatial autocorrelation and high-resolution beamforming methods to retrieve the 1D shear-wave velocity (Vs) structure at the prediction site by joint inversion of surface-wave dispersion and ellipticity curves. The use of low frequency dispersion curve and ellipticity data allowed to retrieve a reference Vs profile down to few thousand meters depth which was then used to perform 1D equivalent-linear simulations of the M 5.9 event, and both equivalent-linear and nonlinear simulations of the M 6.5 event at the target site. Adopting quantitative goodness-of-fit metrics based on time–frequency representation of the signals, we obtained fair-to-good agreement between 1D predictions and observations for the Mj 6.5 earthquake and a poor agreement for the Mj 5.9 earthquake. In terms of acceleration response spectra, while ground-motion overpredictions were obtained for the Mj 5.9 event, simulated ground motions for the Mj 6.5 earthquake severely underestimate the observations, especially those obtained by the nonlinear approach.
    Description: stituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    The structure of sedimentary basins of Antarctica and a new three-layer sediment model (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: We use geophysical data together with a recent subglacial bedrock map (BEDMACHINE model) to obtain and investigate a new three-layer sediment model for Antarctica that locally improves the global sediment model. We provide a combined, continuous, sediment model for Antarctica and surrounding oceans by joining such improved continental sedimentary model with an existing global one (GlobSed). Our results reveal large differences between sedimentary basins for Antarctica due to their age and origin. The maximum thickness of sediments is reached under Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf and off the Weddell Sea coast (10–12 km); further offshore, towards the ocean, the thickness of sediments drops to 4–5 km. We divide the sediment cover into three layers to distinguish material with different velocities. The lower sediment layer (deeper than 7 km) with high P-wave velocities (4.0–4.9 km/s) is found only for Lambert Rift and Filchner-Ronne basin. The middle layer (2–7 km) has large variations for different sedimentary basins: 3.5–3.7 km/s for Lambert Basin; 4.0–4.3 km/s for Ross, Byrd and Bentley basins; 3.3–4.0 km/s for Filchner-Ronne Basin. The upper sediment layer (0–2 km) has large velocity variations, from 2.0 km/s for Ross and Lambert basins (young sediments) to 4.7 km/s for Dronning Maud Land basins. We suggest that P-wave velocities larger than 4 km/s represent old, compacted sediments which belong to the Beacon Supergroup; about 3 km/s refer to Mesozoic (rifted?) sediments; and less than 3 km/s relate to young Cenozoic sediments. According to this criterion, Dronning Maud Land, Bentley and Byrd basins belong to the Beacon Supergroup, while more complex and thicker Ross, Lambert and Filchner-Ronne basins contain sediments from Beacon Supergroup in the middle or lower layer, respectively. Other sedimentary basins with more moderate velocities possibly belong to the East Antarctic Rift System which formed later during Gondwana breakup.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229662
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Low-cost MEMS accelerometers for earthquake early warning systems: A dataset collected during seismic events in central Italy (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: This article describes a dataset of acceleration signals acquired from a low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) during seismic events that occurred in Central Italy. The WSN consists of 5 low-cost sensor nodes, each embedding an ADXL355 tri-axial MEMS accelerometer with a fixed sampling frequency of 250 Hz. The data was acquired from February 2023 to the end of June 2023. During this period, several earthquake sequences affected the area where the sensor network was installed. Continuous data was acquired from the WSN and then trimmed around the origin time of seismic events that occurred near the installation site, close to the city of Pollenza (MC), Italy. A total of 67 events were selected, whose data is available at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Seismology data center. The traces acquired from the WSN were then manually annotated by analysts from INGV. Annotations include picking time for P and S phases, when distinguishable from the background noise, alongside an associated uncertainty level for the manual annotations. The resulting dataset consists of 328 3 × 25,001 arrays, each associated with its metadata. The metadata includes event data (hypocenter position, origin time, magnitude, magnitude type, etc.), trace-related data (mean, median, maximum, and minimum amplitudes, manual picks, and picks uncertainty), and sensor-specific data (sensor name, sensitivity, and orientation). Furthermore, a small dataset consisting of non-seismic traces is included, with the goal of providing records of noise-only traces, relative to both electronic and environmental/anthropic noise sources. The dataset holds potential for training and developing Machine Learning or signal processing algorithms for seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratios. Additionally, it is valuable for research about earthquakes, structural health monitoring, and MEMS accelerometer performance in civil and seismic engineering applications.
    Description: Published
    Description: 110174
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake early warning; Internet of things; MEMS accelerometers; Structural health monitoring; Wireless sensor network ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 05.02. Data dissemination ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Considerations on using MCS and EMS-98 macroseismic scales for the intensity assessment of contemporary Italian earthquakes (2024)
    Springer-Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: The concept of macroseismic intensity arose with the purpose of measuring the strength of an earthquake by the effects it causes on buildings, people, and domestic furnishings. From this perspective, buildings can be considered seismic sensors that record the shaking. Early scales were conceived at a time when buildings were mainly in masonry and therefore they could be used as markers of the intensity in case of earthquakes. Indeed, since they were fairly homogeneous, their level of damage could be considered as an indicator of the shak- ing level. In recent decades, the evolution of construction techniques have made the MCS scale unsuitable for damage assessment of buildings of various resistance. To overcome this problem the EMS-98 scale was designed. Because the MCS scale is still used in Italy, even in the presence of many reinforced concrete buildings, the purpose of this work is to show that the EMS-98 is the most suitable tool for assessing intensity as it is more consist- ent with the built environment. Theoretical and real intensity assessments, by both MCS and EMS-98, have been determined and compared, showing that nowadays intensity is a function of the vulnerability. MCS and EMS-98 would be comparable only when the build- ing stock is composed of very vulnerable edifices (generally class A). Finally, thanks to the similarity of the two scales for old and vulnerable buildings, EMS-98 appears fully adequate to investigate historical earthquakes and represents a powerful tool to ensure con- tinuity among earthquakes of different epochs.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI- CARE Agreement. The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4167–4189
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Intensity ; European Macroseismic Scale ; Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg scale ; Vulnerability ; damage ; historical earthquakes ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Nature and origin of an undetected seismic phase in waveforms from Southern Tyrrhenian (Italy) intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes: First evidence for the phase-A in the subducted Uppermost Lithospheric Mantle? (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: We have found a previously unreported later seismic phase in seismograms of European seismic stations from intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes of the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone. We observe this phase at stations from 6 to 9◦ from the epicentre, towards north. Only seismograms of earthquakes located in a welldefined region of the slab, in the depth range of 215–320 km, show the later x-phase. In this work, we describe the nature and possible origin of this phase, and we provide a simple 2D model to explain the observed arrival times. Our analyses reveal that the x-phase propagates downward in a high velocity layer, possibly located within the deepest part of the slab. We suggest that this layer reveals the presence of the dense hydrous magnesium silicate phase A, introduced from petrological laboratory experiments, inferred to carry water in the upper mantle and predicted to be found in cold subduction zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229919
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone ; Mineral phase A ; Intermediate and deep seismicity ; Waveforms analyses ; Later seismic arrival/phase ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Regulation of deep carbon degassing by gas-rock-water interactions in a seismic region of Southern Italy (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This study is focused on fluids characterization and circulations through the crust of the Irpinia region, an active seismic zone in Southern Italy, that has experienced several high-magnitude earthquakes, including a catastrophic one in 1980 (M = 6.9 Ms). Using isotopic geochemistry and the carbon‑helium system in free and dissolved volatiles in water, this study aims to explore the processes at depth that can alter pristine chemistry of these natural fluids. Gas-rock-water interactions and their impact on CO2 emissions and isotopic composition are evaluated using a multidisciplinary model that integrates geochemistry and regional geological data. By analyzing the He isotopic signature in the natural fluids, the release of mantle-derived He on a regional scale in Southern Italy is verified, along with significant emissions of deep-sourced CO2. The proposed model, supported by geological and geophysical constraints, is based on the interactions between gas, rock, and water within the crust and the degassing of deep-sourced CO2. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC) in cold waters results from mixing between a shallow and a deeper carbon endmember that is equilibrated with carbonate lithology. In addition, the geochemical signature of TDIC in thermal carbon-rich water is explained by supplementary secondary processes, including equilibrium fractionation between solid, gas, and aqueous phases, as well as sinks such as mineral precipitation and CO2 degassing. These findings have important implications for developing effective monitoring strategies for crustal fluids in different geological contexts and highlight the critical need to understand gas-water-rock interaction processes that control fluid chemistry at depths that can affect the assessment of the CO2 flux in atmosphere. Finally, this study highlights that the emissions of natural CO2 from the seismically active Irpinia area are up to 4.08·10+9 mol·y-1, which amounts is in the range of worldwide volcanic systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 165367
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO(2) output; Carbon isotopes; Degassing; Earthquakes; Noble gases; Precipitation ; 04.04 Solid Earth ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 03.01. General ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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