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  • THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
  • 1970-1974  (259)
  • 1973  (259)
  • 1
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    Aircraft Engine Sump Fire Mitigation (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: An investigation was performed of the conditions in which fires can result and be controlled within the bearing sump simulating that of a gas turbine engine; Esso 4040 Turbo Oil, Mobil Jet 2, and Monsanto MCS-2931 lubricants were used. Control variables include the oil inlet temperature, bearing temperature, oil inlet and scavenge rates, hot air inlet temperature and flow rate, and internal sump baffling. In addition to attempting spontaneous combustion, an electric spark and a rub (friction) mechanism were employed to ignite fires. Spontaneous combustion was not obtained; however, fires were readily ignited with the electric spark while using each of the three test lubricants. Fires were also ignited using the rub mechanism with the only test lubricant evaluated, Esso 4040. Major parameters controlling ignitions were: Sump configuration; Bearing and oil temperatures, hot air temperature and flow and bearing speed. Rubbing between stationary parts and rotating parts (eg. labyrinth seal and mating rub strip) is a very potent fire source suggesting that observed accidental fires in gas turbine sumps may well arise from this cause.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-121158 , AL73T007
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Afterburner Performance of Circular V-Gutters and a Sector of Parallel V-Gutters for a Range of Inlet Temperatures to 1255 K (1800 F) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Combustion tests of two V-gutter types were conducted in a 19.25-in. diameter duct using vitiated air. Fuel spraybars were mounted in line with the V-gutters. Combustor length was set by flame-quench water sprays which were part of a calorimeter for measuring combustion efficiency. Although the levels of performance of the parallel and circular array afterburners were different, the trends with geometry variations were consistent. Therefore, parallel arrays can be used for evaluating V-gutter geometry effects on combustion performance. For both arrays, the highest inlet temperature produced combustion efficiencies near 100 percent. A 5-in. spraybar - to - V-gutter spacing gave higher efficiency and better lean blowout performance than a spacing twice as large. Gutter durability was good.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7212 , E-7262
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Heat pipe radiator (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A 15,000 watt spacecraft waste heat rejection system utilizing heat pipe radiator panels was investigated. Of the several concepts initially identified, a series system was selected for more in-depth analysis. As a demonstration of system feasibility, a nominal 500 watt radiator panel was designed, built and tested. The panel, which is a module of the 15,000 watt system, consists of a variable conductance heat pipe (VCHP) header, and six isothermalizer heat pipes attached to a radiating fin. The thermal load to the VCHP is supplied by a Freon-21 liquid loop via an integral heat exchanger. Descriptions of the results of the system studies and details of the radiator design are included along with the test results for both the heat pipe components and the assembled radiator panel. These results support the feasibility of using heat pipes in a spacecraft waste heat rejection system.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-134172 , HPR-14
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  • 4
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    Fuel droplet burning rates at high pressures. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Combustion of methanol, ethanol, propanol-1, n-pentane, n-heptane, and n-decane was observed in air under natural convection conditions, at pressures up to 100 atm. The droplets were simulated by porous spheres, with diameters in the range from 0.63 to 1.90 cm. The pressure levels of the tests were high enough so that near-critical combustion was observed for methanol and ethanol. Due to the high pressures, the phase-equilibrium models of the analysis included both the conventional low-pressure approach as well as high-pressure versions, allowing for real gas effects and the solubility of combustion-product gases in the liquid phase. The burning-rate predictions of the various theories were similar, and in fair agreement with the data. The high-pressure theory gave the best prediction for the liquid-surface temperatures of ethanol and propanol-1 at high pressure. The experiments indicated the approach of critical burning conditions for methanol and ethanol at pressures on the order of 80 to 100 atm, which was in good agreement with the predictions of both the low- and high-pressure analysis.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: International Symposium on Combustion; Aug 20, 1972 - Aug 25, 1972; University Park, PA
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  • 5
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    Time variation in the reaction-zone structure of two-phase spray detonations. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A detailed theoretical analysis of the time-varying detonation structure in a monodisperse spray is presented. The theory identifies experimentally observed reaction-zone overpressures as deriving from blast waves formed therein by the explosive ignition of the spray droplets, and follows in time the motion, change in strength, and interactions of these blast waves with one another, and with the leading shock. The results are compared with experimental data by modeling the motion of a finite-size circular pressure transducer through the theoretical data field in an x-t space.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: International Symposium on Combustion; Aug 20, 1972 - Aug 25, 1972; University Park, PA
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  • 6
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    Pressure waves generated by steady flames. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Analysis of pressure waves that can be generated by clouds of explosive gas mixtures in a free atmosphere which is initially at a uniform state. The treatment is restricted only to the final stage of constant flame velocity when the flowfield is self-similar. By the introduction of reduced blast-wave parameters as phase-plane coordinates, the problem is resolved into the determination of the appropriate integral curves on this plane. Results, including space profiles of gasdynamic parameters, have been computed for a specific case of a hydrocarbon-air mixture characterized by a specific heat ratio of 1.3, sound speed at NTP of 345 m/sec, and volumetric expansion ratio corresponding to constant pressure deflagration of 7. Maximum overpressure ratios that can be generated by such flames in point-and line-symmetrical waves range from .00053, for the lower bound in the burning speed, up to 6 for the deflagration, while, for the average speeds of 5 to 10 m/sec, they are at a level of 0.05 to 0.10.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: AD-775178 , AFOSR-74-0213TR , International Symposium on Combustion; Aug 20, 1972 - Aug 25, 1972; University Park, PA
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  • 7
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    On detonation waves supported by diffusion flames. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An eigenvalue condition to determine propagation velocity of detonation waves in a tube is derived for the case where the oxidizer and fuel are in the gaseous and condensed phase, respectively, so that the combustion occurs only within the peripheral boundary layer. It is shown that the self-sustained shock propagation is possible if core streamtube constriction, due to combustion in the boundary layer, is strong enough to form a converging nozzle, and for a sonic throat to exist.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: International Symposium on Combustion; Aug 20, 1972 - Aug 25, 1972; University Park, PA
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  • 8
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    Estimation of rate constants of elementary processes - A review of the state of the art. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: 'Thermochemical kinetics,' the codification and extrapolation of empirical observations, as applied to certain elementary reactions of importance to combustion studies, is described. This approach allows the critical scrutiny of experimental data in areas where sufficient previous data exist, while, at the same time, illuminating those key areas where more experimentation is crucial. It is shown that combination of transition-state theory with an understanding of the molecular basis of entropy puts fairly rigid constraints on the values of the Arrhenius A-factor for most reactions. This, in turn, means that the activation energy is often the key datum that is missing, and that such data can be obtained with some degree of confidence, even from measurements of rate constants at only one temperature. In complex mechanisms, it is often possible to distinguish among alternate pathways and pinpoint key processes.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: International Symposium on Combustion; Aug 20, 1972 - Aug 25, 1972; University Park, PA
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  • 9
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    International Symposium on Combustion, 14th, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa., August 20-25, 1972, Proceedings. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Some elementary steps for the formation and destruction of nitric oxide in the H-N-O system, high-temperature oxidation of hydrogen by nitrous oxide in shock waves, and high-temperature fast-flow reactor studies of metal-atom oxidation kinetics are among the topics covered in papers concerned with elementary reactions in combustion. Other areas covered include oscillatory, turbulent, and supersonic combustion; flames in furnaces and combustors; and pollutant formation and destruction in flames. Individual items are announced in this issue.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: International Symposium on Combustion; Aug 20, 1972 - Aug 25, 1972; University Park, PA; US
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  • 10
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    Study of a compact counterflow heat-exchanger with mercury at small Peclet numbers. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: ASME PAPER 73-HT-54 , Heat Transfer Conference; Aug 05, 1973 - Aug 08, 1973; Atlanta, GA; US
    Format: text
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