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  • Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964  (11)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
  • 1962  (11)
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Years
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964  (11)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Several different types of insulating heat shields have been subjected to aerodynamic tests and radiant-heating tests in order to obtain a better insight into the problems involved when the primary structure of m aerodynamically heated vehicle is substantially cooler than the exposed external surface. One of the main problems was considered to be a proper allowance for thermal expansion caused by these large temperature differences, so that undue distortion or thermal stresses would not occur in either the outer shield or the underlying structure. corrugated outer skin with suitably designed expansion joints was a feature of all the specimens tested.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA-TN-D-1237
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: A preliminary theoretical study was conducted of a new technique for producing high-enthalpy gas flows. The device considered utilizes an unsteady expansion process for the purpose of total-enthalpy multiplication. Analyses were conducted for both perfect and real air in equilibrium, assuming idealized diaphragm bursts, centered expansion waves, and continuum flow. Results of the study showed the expansion tube capable of outperforming the conventional shock tunnel by a factor of approximately 2 in velocity for the same test-section ambient density and pressure. The degree of dissociation is low at all phases of the thermodynamic cycle in the expansion tube; thus the test-section air has a good possibility of being in equilibrium. Maximum pressures involved in the cycle for duplicating a typical reentry from, a lunar mission are low enough for existing pressure-vessel techniques. Both the known and anticipated advantages and disadvantages of this new concept are also discussed.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA-TR-R-133
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: An analysis is made of the influence that radiation exchanges between elements on the inside surface of a tube have on the wall and gas temperature distributions for forced-convection flow. The wall heat generation has a chopped sine distribution with length along the tube, which is a distribution often encountered in nuclear-reactor channels. The flowing gas is assumed transparent to thermal radiation and hence does not participate directly in the radiative exchange process. Axial heat conduction is neglected in the gas and tube wall, and the convective-heat-transfer coefficient and fluid properties are assumed constant. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the effects of eight independent parameters such as wall emissivity, Stanton number, and length-diameter ratio. In some instances the radiation exchanges reduced the peak wall temperature or caused a reduction in the exit gas temperature because of radiation losses from the tube end openings.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA-TN-D-1441 , E-1672
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Cavitation damage to specimens of stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, and plexiglas, placed in a cavitating venturi using water and mercury as test fluids is mostly in the form of irregularly shaped pits which do not change with additional exposure to the cavitating field within the limited durations utilized. The rate of damage is very high initially, decreases for a relatively short period of time, then increases again up to the maximum test durations of 150 hours with water and 270 hours with mercury. Observation of damage effects by several independent techniques, using a variety of specimen materials, with two different fluids under various fluid dynamic conditions, leads to a suggested correlating model in terms of the cavitation bubble density and energy and specimen material strength.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: ORA Tech. Report 03424-4-T
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effects of several basic variables upon the damping of the fundamental antisymmetric mode of liquids in right-circular cylindrical tanks without baffles. The variables examined include liquid depth, efflux rate, liquid amplitude, kinematic viscosity, and tank size. The data are presented in dimensionless form and compared with available theory. For the range of variables examined, variations of efflux rate and liquid amplitude were found to have no significant effects on the liquid damping. The following theoretical relationship was found to be adequate for the prediction of the variation of damping with liquid depth, kinematic viscosity, and tank size: [for equation see full text] where v is the kinematic viscosity, R is the cylinder radius, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the liquid depth. However, the constant K was experimentally found in this investigation to have the value 5.23, which is 50 percent higher than the theoretically predicted value.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA-TN-D-1367
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: An analysis was made to determine the energy absorbed when radiation from an external source enters a spherical cavity with diffusely reflecting walls. It was found that both the overall energy absorbed in the cavity and the local distribution of absorbed energy could be expressed in terms of simple algebraic equations that are valid for any arbitrary spatial and directional distribution of the incoming radiation. In addition, the characteristics of an isothermal spherical cavity as a possible source of near black-body radiation were investigated. This information was also expressed by simple algebraic relations.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA-TN-D-1289 , E-1622
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  • 7
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA-CR-136951 , TID-7653-BK-1-PT-2 , HQ-E-DAA-TN19851 , Nuclear Propulsion Conference; Aug 15, 1962 - Aug 17, 1962; Monterey, CA; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Analytical techniques are presented that permit the calculation of heat-transfer rates with various thermal-protection systems for liquid-cryogenic-propellant tanks subjected to on-board, solar, and planetary heat fluxes . The effectiveness of these protection systems in reducing propellant heating is shown both for ideal heat-transfer models and for a simplified hydrogen-oxygen terminal stage used for typical Mars missions.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA-TR-R-130 , E-488
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The device considered utilizes an unsteady expansion process for the purpose of total-enthalpy multiplication. Analyses were conducted for both perfect and real air in equilibrium, assuming idealized diaphragm bursts, centered expansion waves, and continuum flow. Results of the study showed the expansion tube capable of outperforming the conventional shock tunnel by a factor of approximately 2 in velocity for the same test-section ambient density and pressure. The degree of dissociation is low at all phases of the thermodynamic cycle in the expansion tube; thus the test-section air has a good possibility of being in equilibrium. Maximum pressures involved in the cycle for duplicating a typical reentry from a lunar mission are low enough for existing pressure-vessel techniques. Both the known and anticipated advantages and disadvantages of this new concept are also discussed.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA-TR-R-133
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-26
    Description: Local values of heat transfer coefficients have been measured experimentally for helium and hydrogen gas flowing through an electrically heated inconel tube. The experiment was conducted primarily to determine the effect on the heat transfer coefficient of a large density change, radially, in the heat transfer fluid. This large density change was accomplished with relatively high surface temperatures as compared to fluid bulk temperatures or more commonly referred to as high surface to fluid bulk temperature ratio. The large temperature ratio was achieved by precooling the gas with liquid nitrogen. Data were measured for local values of surface to fluid bulk temperature ratios up to 4.5, Reynolds numbers in the turbulent flow region, surface temperatures up to 2300 R, heat flux up to 1,600,000 Btu/(hr)(sq ft) and length to diameter ratio of 250. A comparison of this data with the conventional heat transfer correlation equation (Dittus-Boelter eq.) is shown on a curve of Nusselt number divided by Prandtl number versus the Reynolds number. The gas properties were evaluated at the film temperature and the Reynolds number was modified by evaluating the velocity term at the fluid bulk temperature and the density at the film temperature.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: E-1721 , GRC-E-DAA-TN67415
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