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  • 1
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    The SPICE Project: Calibrated production rates of cosmogenic 3He and 21Ne in olivine and pyroxene from the 72 ka SP basalt flow, Arizona, USA (2024)
    In:  Quaternary Geochronology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Description: The formally named SP lava flow is a quartz-, olivine- and pyroxene-bearing basalt flow that is preserved in the desert climate of northern Arizona, USA. The flow has an 40Ar/39Ar age of 72 ± 4 ka (2σ) and has undergone negligible erosion and/or burial, making its surface an ideal site for direct calibration of cosmogenic nuclide production rates. Production rates for cosmogenic 3He (3Hec) and 21Ne (21Nec) have been determined from SP flow olivine and pyroxene in this study. The error-weighted mean, sea-level, high latitude (SLHL) total reference production rates of 3He in olivine and pyroxene have identical values of 135 ± 8 at/g/yr (2; standard error) using time-independent Lal (1991)/Stone (2000) (St) scaling factors. These production rates decrease to identical values of 130 ± 8 at/g/yr (2; standard error) when 3He measurements are standardized to the CRONUS-P pyroxene standard. The St-scaled, error-weighted mean, total reference production rates of 21Ne in olivine and pyroxene are 48.4 ± 2.9 at/g/yr and 26.5 ± 1.7 at/g/yr (2; standard error), respectively, increasing to 49.3 ± 3.0 at/g/yr and 27.0 ± 1.7 at/g/yr (2; standard error), respectively, when standardized to the CREU-1 quartz standard. 3He and 21Ne production rates (St) overlap within 2σ uncertainty with other St-scaled production rates in the literature. SLHL 3He and 21Ne production rates in SP flow olivine and pyroxene are nominally lower if time-dependent Lm and Sa scaling factors are used. Olivine and pyroxene both have identical, error-weighted mean SLHL production rates of 127 ± 8 at/g/yr (2; standard error) using Lm scaling factors and CRONUS-P standardized 3He measurements. These production rates decrease to identical values of 110 ± 7 at/g/yr (2; standard error) for olivine and pyroxene when using Sa scaling factors. The Lm-scaled, error-weighted mean, total reference production rates of 21Ne in olivine and pyroxene are 48.1 ± 2.8 at/g/yr and 26.4 ± 1.7 at/g/yr (2; standard error), respectively, when standardized to the CREU-1 quartz standard. The error weighted mean, local 21Ne/3He production rate ratio in olivine is 0.358 ± 0.009 (2; standard error), which increases to 0.378 ± 0.012 when using CREU-1 standardized 21Ne production rates and CRONUS-P standardized 3He production rates. The error weighted mean, local 21Ne/3He production rate ratio in pyroxene is 0.197 ± 0.006, or 0.208 ± 0.008 when 21Ne and 3He are standardized to CREU-1 and CRONUS-P, respectively. The updated, CREU-1 standardized 21Nec rate (St) in SPICE quartz is 16.5 ± 1.1 at/g/yr. Production of 21Ne in coexisting SPICE olivine (ol), pyroxene (px), and quartz (qz) (standardized to CREU-1; Fenton et al., 2019; this study) yields error-weighted mean, local production rate ratios of 3.00 ± 0.13 (2) and 1.64 ± 0.08 (2) for 21Neol/21Neqz and 21Nepx/21Neqz, respectively. This study suggests that production rates of 3He and 21Ne in SPICE olivine and pyroxene agree well with St- and Lm-scaled global mean production rates in the literature. It also indicates that CRONUS-P and CREU-1 standardizations yield production rates in even stronger agreement with these global mean rates.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Beyond the Visible – Imaging Spectroscopy for Soil Applications. Massive Open Online Course (2024)
    GFZ Data Services
    In:  HYPERedu, EnMAP education initiative
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-09
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Building a second brain : A proven method to organise your digital life and unlock your creative potential (2022)
    London : Profile Books Ltd
    Details Availability
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 272 Seiten , 128 x 196 mm
    ISBN: 9781800812222
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
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    Stability Of Magnesite In The Presence Of Hydrous Fluids Up To 12 Gpa: Insights Into Subduction Zone Processes And Carbon Cycling In The Earth’s Mantle (2024)
    In:  American Mineralogist
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Understanding the stability of magnesite in the presence of a hydrous fluid in the Earth’s upper mantle is crucial for modelling the carbon budget and cycle in the deep Earth. This study elucidates the behavior of magnesite in the presence of hydrous fluids. We examined the brucite magnesite (Mg(OH)2-MgCO3) system between 1 and 12 GPa by using synchrotron in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction experiments combined with textural observations from quenched experiments employing the falling sphere method. By subjecting magnesite to varying pressure-temperature conditions with controlled fluid proportion, we determined the stability limits of magnesite in the presence of a fluid and periclase. The observed liquidus provides insights into the fate of magnesite-bearing rocks in subduction zones. Our findings show that magnesite remains stable under typical subduction zone gradients even when infiltrated by hydrous fluids released from dehydration reactions during subduction. We conclude that magnesite can be subducted down to and beyond sub-arc depths. Consequently, our results have important implications for the carbon budget of the Earth’s mantle and its role in regulating atmospheric CO2 levels over geological timescales.
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Long-read based hybrid genome assembly and annotation of snow algal strain CCCryo 101-99 (cf. Sphaerocystis sp., Chlamydomonadales) (2024)
    In:  Genome Biology and Evolution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Polar regions harbor a diversity of cold-adapted (cryophilic) algae, which can be categorized into psychrophilic (obligate cryophilic) and cryotrophic (non-obligate cryophilic) snow algae. Both can accumulate significant biomasses on glacier and snow habitats and play major roles in global climate dynamics. Despite their significance, genomic studies on these organisms remain scarce, hindering our understanding of their evolutionary history and adaptive mechanisms in the face of climate change. Here, we present the draft genome assembly and annotation of the psychrophilic snow algal strain CCCryo 101-99 (cf. Sphaerocystis sp.). The draft haploid genome assembly is 122.5 Mb in length and is represented by 664 contigs with an N50 of 0.86 Mb, a Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness of 92.9% (n = 1519), a maximum contig length of 5.3 Mb, and a GC content of 53.1%. In total, 28.98% of the genome (35.5 Mb) contains repetitive elements. We identified 417 non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and annotated the chloroplast genome. The predicted proteome comprises 14,805 genes with a BUSCO completeness of 97.8%. Our preliminary analyses reveal a genome with a higher repeat content compared to mesophilic chlorophyte relatives, alongside enrichment in gene families associated with photosynthesis and flagella functions. Our current data will facilitate future comparative studies, improving our understanding of the likely response of polar algae to a warming climate as well as their evolutionary trajectories in permanently cold environments.
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Significance of conodont data for explaining geosystem perturbations during the Middle Devonian Kačák Episode (2023)
    In:  Marine Micropaleontology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: The present review of published data as well as the new results demonstrate the versatility of conodonts in documenting and explaining global environmental fluctuations related to the Kačák Episode (KE) in the latest Eifelian. Although the conodont zonation of the KE interval is ambiguous and requires revision, the compilation of conodont stratigraphic ranges shows their potential for a precise worldwide correlation of relevant marine strata. Conodont biofacies may serve to document environmental changes connected with KE, in particular the sealevel rise at its beginning, followed by a regressive trend. Nevertheless, the familiar Icriodus/Polygnathus ratio should be carefully applied as an indication of water depth and nearshore vs. offshore position, being controlled also by other factors, such as paleolatitude and/or climate. Oxygen isotopes in conodont apatite, studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry technique evidence a warming at the onset of KE, based on the new data from the open marine facies of the Prague Basin. At the same time, they indicated climate-controlled salinity fluctuations in the epeiric Belarusian Basin. The present investigations as well as previous results suggest caution when analyzing thermally altered conodonts which may result in biased oxygen isotope signatures. The present experience suggests the conodont colour alteration index CAI 3 as a boundary value above which the caution is necessary.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    To Rotate or to Link? The Connection Between the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Rifts in Central Afar (2024)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Central Afar is shaped by the interaction between the Red Sea (RS) and Gulf of Aden (GoA) rifts. While there have been several studies conducted in the region, we know surprisingly little about the mechanism of connection between these two rift branches. Here we use high-resolution 3D lithospheric scale geodynamic modeling to capture the evolution of linkage between the RS and GoA rifts in central Afar. Our results demonstrate that the two rifts initially overlap and interact across a broad zone of faulting and vertical axis block rotation. However, through time, rift overlap is abandoned in favor of direct linkage which generates a series of localized en-echelon basins. The present-day direct linkage between the two rifts is supported by geodetic observations. Our study reconciles previously proposed models for the RS and GoA rift connection by considering spatial and temporal evolution of the rifts.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    A laboratory study on fault slip caused by fluid injection directly versus indirectly into a fault: implications for induced seismicity in EGSs (2024)
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) developed by hydraulic stimulation are promising for exploiting petrothermal heat by improving fluid pathways in low-permeable geothermal reservoir rocks. However, fluid injection into the subsurface can potentially cause large seismic events by reactivating pre-existing faults, which is a significant barrier to EGSs. The management of injection-induced seismicity is, therefore, essential for the success of EGSs. During the hydraulic stimulation of an EGS, fluid can be injected into a fault zone or into the rock matrix containing pre-existing faults adjacent to the injection well. The differences in hydromechanical responses between fluid injection into and adjacent to a fault have not been investigated in detail. Here, we performed triaxial fluid injection experiments involving injecting fluid directly and indirectly into a fault in granite rock samples to analyse the distinct hydromechanical responses and estimate the injection-induced seismicity in both cases. Our results suggest that in addition to directly injecting fluid into a critically stressed fault, injecting into nearly intact granite adjacent to the fault could also cause injection-induced seismic hazards owing to the high fluid pressure required to create new fractures in the granite matrix. It is, therefore, important to carefully identify pre-existing faults within tight reservoirs to avoid injecting fluid adjacent to them. Additionally, once prior unknown faults are delineated during hydraulic stimulation, appropriate shut-in strategies should be implemented immediately to mitigate seismic risks.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Quantifying Impacts of Local Traffic Policies on PM Concentrations Using Low Cost Sensors in Berlin (2024)
    In:  Aerosol and Air Quality Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Urban air pollution remains a challenge in European cities, despite decades of improvement, especially with respect to recent updates to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) air quality guidelines in 2021. At the same time, a new generation of small sensors for air pollution measurement have opened up new avenues for understanding air pollution in cities. In this study, we use Plantower PMS 5003 sensors to measure PM2.5 alongside three local traffic policies implemented in 2020 and 2021. These measures include a new bike-lane and a temporary community space, as well as the creation of a pedestrian zone through the closure of a street to through-traffic. The measurement campaign used the sensors in both mobile and stationary deployments, utilizing their small size and lower cost to increase spatial and temporal resolution measurements. We calibrate the Plantower sensors using Schmitz et al.’s (2021) methodology and test three different models: multiple linear regression (MLR), gradient-boosting machines (GBM), and support vector machines (SVM). Results show that sensors are useful for measuring PM2.5. We also find no significant effect of any of the local transport policies on local concentrations of PM2.5, despite previous studies of these policies showing reductions in local NO2 concentrations. This indicates that larger-scale policies tackling urban and regional emissions of PM will be needed to improve PM concentrations and meet WHO standards.
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Deep Dive Hydrogen Economy – A Radical Alternative (2022)
    Foresight on Demand
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Key message: A decolonial approach is needed to fulfil IASC’s commitment to recognizing that Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Knowledge and academic scientific knowledge are co-equal and complementary knowledge systems that all can and should inform its work (website ICARP IV, retrieved October 2023). This document summarizes key recommendations for actions regarding five themes: 1. Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination as a prerequisite for high-quality Arctic research 2. Ethics, methods and methodology as key for decolonial research 3. Indigenous-led research in design and practice 4. Indigenous Peoples’ co-equal participation in Arctic research funding structures and decision-making for securing decolonial Arctic research in practice 5. Funding for Co-Creative and Indigenous-Led Arctic Research
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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