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  • Elsevier  (59,764)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,931)
  • 2020-2024
  • 1975-1979  (61,695)
  • 1978  (32,432)
  • 1977  (29,263)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 1975-1979  (61,695)
Year
  • 1
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    Abyssal bedforms explored with a deeply towed instrument package (1977)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 23 (1-2). pp. 57-75.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-08
    Description: Several types of abyssal bedforms have been discovered during surveys with a deeply towed instrument package at water depths of 1.5–6 km in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Cores and current-meter records obtained at the same sites provide data for interpreting their dynamics. Wave and current ripples are best portrayed in bottom photographs, but medium-scale bedforms, including sand waves, mud waves and erosional furrows, are described by interpreting high-resolution side-looking sonar records. The largest examples affect surface-ship echograms, though their shape and structure can seldom be resolved without near-bottom observations. Wave ripples are common on the slopes of seamounts and ridges, while current ripples and sand waves occur beneath some fast thermohaline currents whose beds are shallower than the foraminiferal compensation depth. Depositional and erosional bedforms in cohesive sediment have been found beneath the deepest thermohaline currents; they may be restricted to areas where the flow is unusually steady in direction.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Estimates of Cenozoic Oceanic Sedimentation Rates (1977)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In:  Science, 197 (4298). pp. 53-55.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-07
    Description: Estimation of average Cenozoic sedimentation rates for the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans indicates global synchronous fluctuations. Paleocene-early Eocene and late Eocene-early Miocene rates are only a fraction of middle Eocene and middle Miocene-Recent rates. These changes must reflect significantly different modes of continental weathering, which may be due to alternate states of atmospheric circulation marked by reduction of global precipitation.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Trace metal distribution in Baltic Sea ferromanganese concretions: inferences on accretion rates (1977)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 35 (1). pp. 49-54.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-19
    Description: The usually high concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu in the most recently accreted portions of ferromanganese nodules from the western Baltic Sea are thought to reflect increased metal input due to anthropogenic mobilization. If so, the point of increase represents a time horizon within the structure of the nodule. Similar trace metal distributions of radiometrically dated sediments from the same area suggest that the ferromanganese nodules have grown in thickness between 0.02 and 0.16 mm yr−1. From this growth rate anthropogenic Zn flux to the nodule surface was calculated to be 80 mg m−2 yr−1.
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  • 4
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    Mineralogy, chemistry and crystallization sequence of clay minerals in altered tholeiitic basalts from the Peru Trench (1977)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36 (3). pp. 413-422.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-12
    Description: Petrographic examination of amygdules and veins associated with moderately altered pillow basalts dredged from the Peru Trench has revealed that a consistent pattern of mineral crystallization has occurred. This sequence is: (1) green, weakly pleochroic clay (R.I. 〉 1.56); (2) dark yellowish brown, non-pleochroic clay (R.I. 〉 1.56); (3) light yellowish brown to colorless, fibrous, weakly pleochroic clay (R.I. 〈 1.56); and (4) calcite or celadonite. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses suggest that all clay mineral amygdule and vein fillings are dominated by intimate mixtures of an Fe-rich saponite and nontronite with very small admixtures of serpentine and illite. It is argued that sequential mineral fillings of fractures and vesicles may provide significant information about the chemistry of circulating interstitial fluids. For the pillow basalts studied the first-formed clays were enriched in nontronite, thereby suggesting Fe-rich fluids. These in turn were followed by saponite-rich clays and calcite. The change from Fe-and Mg-rich fluids to dominantly Ca-rich fluids is thought to correspond to a change from mafic mineral alteration to plagioclase alteration in the pillow basalts. An increase in the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of clays toward the centers of vesicles may indicate a change toward a more oxidizing environment of alteration.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Fractionation and mantle heterogeneity in basalts from the Peru-Chile Trench (1978)
    Elsevier
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 37 (3). pp. 409-420.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Five separate exposures of oceanic basalts were dredged in the vicinity of the Peru-Chile Trench between 9° and 27°S latitude. Each dredge is dominated by abundant pillow basalts. Approximately ten of the most unaltered, glassy and fine-grained samples were selected for detailed chemical and petrographic analyses from each dredge area. All basalts recovered in the Peru-Chile Trench are olivine and quartz-normative tholeiites that are believed to have formed at the now extinct Galapagos Rise 30–50 m.y. ago. Detailed chemical analyses of the basalts, including major and selected trace and rare earth elements, indicate that considerable compositional variability exists both within each of the dredged areas as well as between areas. Most of the inherent chemical variability observed within particular basement sections appears consistent with the concept of temporal evolution of magma bodies at a former spreading center by shallow-level fractional crystallization involving primarily plagioclase and olivine. In contrast, important chemical differences between the dredged areas suggest compositional heterogeneities in the mantle source regions. Our results indicate that although shallow-level fractionation has brought about large changes in composition of basalts in each area, compositional trends are distinct and appear to reflect original mantle-derived compositional differences.
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  • 6
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    Chemical and optical studies of glass shards in Pleistocene and Pliocene ash layers from DSDP site 192, Northwest Pacific Ocean (1978)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 4 (1-2). pp. 99-116.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Thirty-four ash layers of Pleistocene and Pliocene age from DSDP Site 192, northwestern Pacific Ocean, have been subjected to detailed chemical and optical study to evaluate: (1) the chemical and optical variability in glass shards from deep-sea ash layers, and (2) secondary changes brought about by prolonged exposure to seawater. Glass shards from approximately half of the ash layers studied were found to have uniform compositions which approach the precision of the microprobe chemical analyses, whereas the remainder are compositionally diverse (e.g., SiO2, variations of 5–15% among shards from the same ash layer) and appear to be the eruptive products of compositionally zoned magma chambers. Optical studies of glass shards confirm the absence of devitrification or the formation of pervasive secondary alteration products. By contrast, chemical studies suggest that the glass shards have experienced progressive hydration with possible minor ion exchange of K, Mg, Ca and Si. The hydration occurs rapidly and leads to a rather uniform water content of 4.5–5% after several hundred thousands of years exposure to seawater. Step-wise heating dehydration experiments, optical effects, and published'oxygen isotope studies indicate that the water of hydration is incorporated uniformly within the glass. Systematic chemical differences between electron microprobe analyses of glass shard interiors and corresponding bulk chemical study by atomic absorption lead us to postulate that glass shard margins have undergone a minor chemical exchange with major cations in seawater. They have gained 0.10–0.20 wt. % K20, MgO, and CaO while losing a corresponding amount of Si2O. Although the glass shards from DSDP Site 192 are hydrated and may have experienced subtle, surficial ion exchange, we stress that they are the most chemically representative samples available of magmas that were explosively erupted from volcanic arcs.
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  • 7
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    Bathymetry and stratigraphy of the northern Natal Valley (SW Indian Ocean): A preliminary account (1978)
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Geology, 28 (1-2). pp. 89-106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-12
    Description: Thick sediments (maximum of at least 4900 m) infill the Natal Valley, which lies between the coast of South Africa/Mozambique and the Mozambique Ridge. Eight physiographic provinces are recognised in the valley, and their boundaries can be related to well-defined sediment thickness or facies discontinuities within the basin infill. The acoustic stratigraphy of the area is established by reference to two regionally developed reflecting horizons, which, on the basis of previously published borehole and seismic data, are tentatively identified as mid-Cretaceous (McDuff) and mid-Cainozoic (Angus) hiatuses or important facies boundaries. Sedimentation began in the Natal Valley before mid-Cretaceous times and since then sediment dispersion has been strongly influenced by the disposition of large basement (? volcanic) highs: the approximately NE—SW Almirante Leite and Naudé ridges, and the larger N—S Mozambique Ridge. There is abundant evidence that sedimentation in the vicinity of these ridges has been current-controlled since at least mid-Cainozoic (Angus) times. The two main terrigenous sediment input points have been the Tugela and Limpopo rivers, which have large sediment cones adjacent to their mouths.
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  • 8
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    Cellular analysis of long-term habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: Long-term habituation training in Aplysia californica produces a profound depression in the efficacy of synaptic transmission between mechanoreceptor neurons and gill motor neurons. This depression persists for more than 3 weeks. Thus a critical synaptic site for plasticity underlying long-term habituation is the same as that for short-term habituation. For this simple form of learning, short- and long-term memory share a common locus and aspects of a common mechanism: synaptic depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castellucci, V F -- Carew, T J -- Kandel, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/214854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia ; Gills/physiology ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; *Reflex, Monosynaptic ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Synaptic Membranes/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Tricyclic antidepressants: long-term treatment increases responsivity of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: Long-term treatment of rats with clinically effective tricyclic antidepressant drugs induced a selective increase in the inhibitory response of forebrain neurons to serotonin applied by microiontophoresis. Long-term administration of some related drugs which lack antidepressant efficacy failed to induce such a change. The enhanced response to serotonin induced by the clinically active tricyclic drugs took 1 to 2 weeks to develop, a time course which correlates with the delayed onset of therapeutic effects in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Montigny, C -- Aghajanian, G K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1303-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/725608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/*pharmacology ; Decerebrate State ; Drug Synergism ; Geniculate Bodies/*drug effects ; Hippocampus/*drug effects ; Male ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Tracts/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Serotonin/*drug effects ; Serotonin/*pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Lovins' data source (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallagher, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1242-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17750473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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