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  • Other Sources  (99)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • 1990-1994  (99)
  • 1993  (99)
  • 1
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    Aerospace applications of batteries (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: NASA has developed battery technology to meet the demanding requirements for aerospace applications; specifically, the space vacuum, launch loads, and high duty cycles. Because of unique requirements and operating environments associated with space applications, NASA has written its own standards and specifications for batteries.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center, Space Electrochemical Research and Technology; p 3-12
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Fluid absorption solar energy receiver (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A conventional solar dynamic system transmits solar energy to the flowing fluid of a thermodynamic cycle through structures which contain the gas and thermal energy storage material. Such a heat transfer mechanism dictates that the structure operate at a higher temperature than the fluid. This investigation reports on a fluid absorption receiver where only a part of the solar energy is transmitted to the structure. The other part is absorbed directly by the fluid. By proportioning these two heat transfer paths the energy to the structure can preheat the fluid, while the energy absorbed directly by the fluid raises the fluid to its final working temperature. The surface temperatures need not exceed the output temperature of the fluid. This makes the output temperature of the gas the maximum temperature in the system. The gas can have local maximum temperatures higher than the output working temperature. However local high temperatures are quickly equilibrated, and since the gas does not emit radiation, local high temperatures do not result in a radiative heat loss. Thermal radiation, thermal conductivity, and heat exchange with the gas all help equilibrate the surface temperature.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-194688 , NAS 1.26:194688
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The 1988 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This document contains the proceedings of the 21st annual Battery Workshop held at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland on November 1-3, 1988. The Workshop attendees included manufacturers, users, and government representatives interested in the latest developments in battery technology as they relate to high reliability operations and aerospace use. The subjects covered included battery testing methodologies and criteria, life testing of nickel-cadmium cells, testing and operation of nickel-hydrogen batteries in low earth orbit, and nickel-hydrogen technology issues and concerns.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CP-3237 , NAS 1.55:3237 , Nov 01, 1988 - Nov 03, 1988; Greenbelt, MD; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Experimental instrumentation system for the Phased Array Mirror Extendible Large Aperture (PAMELA) test program (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Adaptive optics are used in telescopes for both viewing objects with minimum distortion and for transmitting laser beams with minimum beam divergence and dance. In order to test concepts on a smaller scale, NASA MSFC is in the process of setting up an adaptive optics test facility with precision (fraction of wavelengths) measurement equipment. The initial system under test is the adaptive optical telescope called PAMELA (Phased Array Mirror Extendible Large Aperture). Goals of this test are: assessment of test hardware specifications for PAMELA application and the determination of the sensitivities of instruments for measuring PAMELA (and other adaptive optical telescopes) imperfections; evaluation of the PAMELA system integration effort and test progress and recommended actions to enhance these activities; and development of concepts and prototypes of experimental apparatuses for PAMELA.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-194421 , NAS 1.26:194421 , TR-HSV-93-0002
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Near-ambient solid polymer fuel cell (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Fuel cells are extremely attractive for extraterrestrial and terrestrial applications because of their high energy conversion efficiency without noise or environmental pollution. Among the various fuel cell systems the advanced polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells based on sulfonated fluoropolymers (e.g., Nafion) are particularly attractive because they are fairly rugged, solid state, quite conductive, of good chemical and thermal stability and show good oxygen reduction kinetics due to the low specific adsorption of the electrolyte on the platinum catalyst. The objective of this program is to develop a solid polymer fuel cell which can efficiently operate at near ambient temperatures without ancillary components for humidification and/or pressurization of the fuel or oxidant gases. During the Phase 1 effort we fabricated novel integral electrode-membrane structures where the dispersed platinum catalyst is precipitated within the Nafion ionomer. This resulted in electrode-membrane units without interfacial barriers permitting unhindered water diffusion from cathode to anode. The integral electrode-membrane structures were tested as fuel cells operating on H2 and O2 or air at 1 to 2 atm and 10 to 50 C without gas humidification. We demonstrated that cells with completely dry membranes could be self started at room temperature and subsequently operated on dry gas for extended time. Typical room temperature low pressure operation with unoptimized electrodes yielded 100 mA/cm(exp 2) at 0.5V and maximum currents over 300 mA/cm(exp 2) with low platinum loadings. Our results clearly demonstrate that operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at ambient conditions is feasible. Optimization of the electrode-membrane structure is necessary to assess the full performance potential but we expect significant gains in weight and volume power density for the system. The reduced complexity will make fuel cells also attractive for smaller and portable power supplies and as replacement for batteries.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-195939 , NAS 1.26:195939
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Preliminary design for a reverse Brayton cycle cryogenic cooler (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A long life, single stage, reverse Brayton cycle cryogenic cooler is being developed for applications in space. The system is designed to provide 5 W of cooling at a temperature of 65 Kelvin with a total cycle input power of less than 200 watts. Key features of the approach include high speed, miniature turbomachines; an all metal, high performance, compact heat exchanger; and a simple, high frequency, three phase motor drive. In Phase 1, a preliminary design of the system was performed. Analyses and trade studies were used to establish the thermodynamic performance of the system and the performance specifications for individual components. Key mechanical features for components were defined and assembly layouts for the components and the system were prepared. Critical materials and processes were identified. Component and brassboard system level tests were conducted at cryogenic temperatures. The system met the cooling requirement of 5 W at 65 K. The system was also operated over a range of cooling loads from 0.5 W at 37 K to 10 W at 65 K. Input power to the system was higher than target values. The heat exchanger and inverter met or exceeded their respective performance targets. The compresssor/motor assembly was marginally below its performance target. The turboexpander met its aerodynamic efficiency target, but overall performance was below target because of excessive heat leak. The heat leak will be reduced to an acceptable value in the engineering model. The results of Phase 1 indicate that the 200 watt input power requirement can be met with state-of-the-art technology in a system which has very flexible integration requirements and negligible vibration levels.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-189341 , NAS 1.26:189341 , CREARE-TN-508
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    The 1992 NASA Aerospace Battery Workshop (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This document contains the proceedings of the 23rd annual NASA Aerospace Battery Workshop, hosted by the Marshall Space Flight Center on November 15-19, 1992. The workshop was attended by scientists and engineers from various agencies of the U.S. Government, aerospace contractors, and battery manufacturers, as well as international participation in like kind from a number of countries around the world. The subjects covered included nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium based technologies, as well as advanced technologies including sodium-sulfur and various bipolar designs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CP-3192 , M-712 , NAS 1.55:3192 , Nov 15, 1992 - Nov 19, 1992; Huntsville, AL; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    LDEF solar cell radiation effects analysis (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Because of the extended time that the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) mission stayed in space, the solar cells on the satellite experienced greater environments than originally planned. The cells showed an overall degradation in performance that is due to the combined effects of the various space environments. The purpose of this analysis is to calculate the effect of the accumulated radiation on the solar cells, thereby helping Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to unravel the relative power degradation from the different environments.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-192458 , NAS 1.26:192458 , PHY-93R004
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Power requirements for the first lunar outpost (FLO) (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA's Exploration Program Office is currently developing a preliminary reference mission description that lays the framework from which the nation can return to the Moon by the end of the decade. The First Lunar Outpost is the initial phase of establishing a permanent presence on the Moon and the next step of sending humans to Mars. Many systems required for missions to Mars will be verified on the Moon, while still accomplishing valuable lunar science and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Some of FLO's major accomplishments will be long duration habitation, extended surface roving (both piloted and teleoperated) and a suite of science experiments, including lunar resources extraction. Of equal challenge will be to provide long life, reliable power sources to meet the needs of a lunar mission.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-105925 , E-7427 , NAS 1.15:105925 , Symposium on Space Power and Propulsion; Jan 10, 1993 - Jan 14, 1993; Albuquerque, NM; United States
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  • 10
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    Non-destructive, ultra-low resistance, thermally stable contacts for use on shallow junction InP solar cells (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Contact formation to InP is plagued by violent metal-semiconductor intermixing that takes place during the contact sintering process. Because of this the InP solar cell cannot be sintered after contact deposition. This results in cell contact resistances that are orders of magnitude higher than those that could be achieved if sintering could be performed in a non-destructive manner. We report here on a truly unique contact system involving Au and Ge, which is easily fabricated, which exhibits extremely low values of contact resistivity, and in which there is virtually no metal-semiconductor interdiffusion, even after extended sintering. We present a description of this contact system and suggest possible mechanisms to explain the observed behavior.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-106228 , E-7946 , NAS 1.15:106228 , IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; May 10, 1993 - May 14, 1993; Louisville, KY; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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