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  • Articles  (57,919)
  • Springer  (36,387)
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  • Articles  (57,919)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: We report on the realization of a quartz-enhanced photoacoustic (QEPAS) sensor for measurement of H 2 S gas traces. A distributed feedback diode laser working at 2.64 µm wavelength has been coupled to an acoustic detection module composed of a quartz tuning fork and a micro-resonator system, and the QEPAS signal has been optimized in terms of gas sample pressure and laser frequency modulation depth. The sensor shows a very good linearity with respect to the H 2 S concentration. We performed an Allan–Werle variance analysis to investigate the sensor long-term stability, and we reached a detection limit of four parts per million for 1-s integration time and 500 parts per billion in 60-s integration time. The realized QEPAS sensor represents a good compromise between performance and handiness, in view of a fully portable device.
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: We present a detailed design principle and propagation characteristics of a channel plasmon-photonic–crystal-coupled-waveguide (PPCCW) for realizing terahertz (THz) waveguides and waveguide-based devices. The avoided-crossing behavior exhibited by dispersion curves of the supermodes due to modal interference leads to a sharp change in group velocity close to the phase-matching wavelength. As a consequence, the group-velocity dispersion (GVD) peaks to a maxima (~1.40 × 10 5  ps/km·μm) and dips to a minima (~−1.60 × 10 5  ps/km·μm), thus exhibiting extremely large GVD. The propagation length is obtained in the order of a few centimeters. The analysis is substantiated by the frequency dependence of mode field distribution and propagation loss suffered by the supermodes of PPCCW geometry. Also, the obtained result is in good agreement with FEM-based study. The proposed waveguide is aimed at facilitating enhanced performance THz-waveguide sensors and GVD compensation modules.
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: By experiments and theory, we investigate the influence of heat transfer across a gas–solid interface on the nodule height of microstructured silicon fabricated under femtosecond laser pulses. By changing the pressure of the vacuum system, a fast-changing spread in height is found. This is determined by the different heat-transfer flux across the gas–solid interface for different Knudsen-number regimes. Heat transfer affects the energy remaining in the bulk silicon, which determines nodule formation and corresponding height. The rate of change in the heat-transfer flux induces a negative rate of change in the nodule height. These results are important when optimizing the surface microstructure for silicon-based photoelectron devices.
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) thermometry is based on the consecutive excitation of two nearby atomic ground states to a common excited state, and ratioing the ensuing fluorescence yields. TLAF is one of the few methods that hold promise for thermometry in sooting environments. We extend the method to the regime of fully saturated excitation and introduce a new seeding system that also allows the method to be used in lean flames. We compare results for saturated TLAF to those of linear TLAF and to thermocouple measurements, and find good correspondence. The saturated version introduced here maximizes fluorescence yields while simultaneously suppressing the dependence on excitation laser irradiance.
    Print ISSN: 0946-2171
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0649
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Heat transfer and friction factor characteristics in a circular tube fitted with core rod at high temperature have been investigated experimentally. In the experiments, ambient air with Reynolds numbers in a range of 9,000–26,000 is passed through a circular tube with uniform wall temperature and convection and radiation heat transfer phenomena are studied. Experiments have been performed on the tube with core rod insert considering four values of uniform wall temperature. For each wall temperature considered, convection and radiation heat transfer coefficients have been determined. The experimental results show that at uniform wall temperature of 373, 473, 553 and 633 K the average share of the radiation heat transfer coefficient to the total heat transfer coefficient is 10.7, 14.6, 20.5 and 22.3 % respectively. In addition it was noted that for the mentioned temperatures, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 234, 275, 304 and 334 % respectively when using tube containing the core insert in comparison to the plain tube. It was also noted that increasing the wall temperature also resulted in increase of friction factor.
    Print ISSN: 0947-7411
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1181
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The present paper deals with the stationary solution of the planar restricted three body problem when both the primaries are heterogeneous oblate spheroid with three layers of different densities and sources of radiation as well. It derives equations of motion and examines the existence and the linear stability of libration points. It is seen that there are five libration points, two triangular points and three collinear ones. It is further observed that the collinear points are unstable, while the triangular points are stable for the mass parameter 0 ≤ μ 〈 μ c r i t . Here μ c r i t (the critical mass parameter) depends upon the combined effects of radiation and that due to the three different layers in the primaries. It is further seen that long or short periodic elliptical orbits emanate from the triangular points in the aforementioned range of μ .
    Print ISSN: 0021-9142
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-0571
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The isobaric heat capacity of cerium tellurites is studied in the range of 298.15–673 K and used as a basis for deriving dependences C p o ∼ f ( T ) and determining their thermodynamic functions. Dependences C p o ∼ f ( T ) are found to have abnormally sharp λ-like peaks, due probably to second-order phase transitions.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Electronic ISSN: 1531-863X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Springer on behalf of MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The dynamic surface tension (DST) of a siloxane dicephalic surfactant was measured by using the maximum bubble pressure method. By using the classical Ward and Tordai equation, the diffusion coefficient for each bulk surfactant concentration was calculated. The results show that at the initial adsorption stage and at the end of the adsorption process, the dynamic surface tension data were all consistent with this diffusion-controlled mechanism. Their diffusion coefficient was slightly lower than that for conventional hydrocarbon surfactants.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Electronic ISSN: 1531-863X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Springer on behalf of MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The reduction of o -, m -, and p -nitrotoluenes in supercritical isopropanol over Al 2 O 3 in a flow reactor is studied. It is shown that corresponding toluidines are major reaction products. Aromatic ring alkoxylation and N -alkylation products make a considerable contribution to the composition of reaction mixtures.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Electronic ISSN: 1531-863X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: A differential titration microcalorimeter for studying intermolecular interactions in solutions has been designed. To increase the speed of the instrument, the dynamic correction method has been used. It has been shown that electrical calibration of the microcalorimeter is consistent with its chemical calibration. The use of the instrument for measuring the integral heats of dilution of 1-propanol has been demonstrated.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Electronic ISSN: 1531-863X
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Springer on behalf of MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
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