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  • 1
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    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-06
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-08
    Beschreibung: The response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to idealized external (solar) forcing is studied in terms of the internal (unforced) AMOC modes with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM), a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice general circulation model. The statistical investigation of KCM’s internal AMOC variability obtained from a multi-millennial control run yields three distinct modes: a multi-decadal mode with a period of about 60 years, a quasi-centennial mode with a period of about 100 years and a multi-centennial mode with a period of about 300–400 years. Most variance is explained by the multi-centennial mode, and the least by the quasi-centennial mode. The solar constant varies sinusoidally with two different periods (100 and 60 years) in forced runs with KCM. The AMOC response to the external forcing is rather complex and nonlinear. It involves strong changes in the frequency structure of the variability. While the control run depicts multi-timescale behavior, the AMOC variability in the experiment with 100 year forcing period is channeled into a relatively narrow band centered near the forcing period. It is the quasi-centennial AMOC mode with a period of just under 100 years which is excited, although it is heavily damped in the control run. Thus, the quasi-centennial mode retains its period which does not correspond exactly to the forcing period. Surprisingly, the quasi-centennial mode is also most strongly excited when the forcing period is set to 60 years, the period of the multi-decadal mode which is rather prominent in the control run. It is largely the spatial structure of the forcing rather than its period that determines which of the three internal AMOC modes is excited. The results suggest that we need to understand the full modal structure of the internal AMOC variability in order to understand the circulation’s response to external forcing. This could be a challenge for climate models: we cannot necessarily expect that the response to external forcing is realistically captured by a model, even if only strongly damped modes are not well represented that do not account for much variance under present-day conditions.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-08
    Beschreibung: Decadal- to multidecadal variability in the extra-tropical North Pacific is evident in 20th century instrumental records and has significant impacts on Northern Hemisphere climate and marine ecosystems. Several studies have discussed a potential linkage between North Pacific and Atlantic climate on various time scales. On decadal time scales no relationship could be confirmed, potentially due to sparse instrumental observations before 1950. Proxy data are limited and no multi-centennial high-resolution marine geochemical proxy records are available from the subarctic North Pacific. Here we present an annually-resolved record (1818–1967) of Mg/Ca variations from a North Pacific/Bering Sea coralline alga that extends our knowledge in this region beyond available data. It shows for the first time a statistically significant link between decadal fluctuations in sea-level pressure in the North Pacific and North Atlantic. The record is a lagged proxy for decadal-scale variations of the Aleutian Low. It is significantly related to regional sea surface temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index in late boreal winter on these time scales. Our data show that on decadal time scales a weaker Aleutian Low precedes a negative NAO by several years. This atmospheric link can explain the coherence of decadal North Pacific and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability, as suggested by earlier studies using climate models and limited instrumental data.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-08
    Beschreibung: Ocean acidification, the drop in seawater pH associated with the ongoing enrichment of marine waters with carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning, may seriously impair marine calcifying organisms. Our present understanding of the sensitivity of marine life to ocean acidification is based primarily on short-term experiments, in which organisms are exposed to increased concentrations of CO2. However, phytoplankton species with short generation times, in particular, may be able to respond to environmental alterations through adaptive evolution. Here, we examine the ability of the world’s single most important calcifying organism, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, to evolve in response to ocean acidification in two 500-generation selection experiments. Specifically, we exposed E. huxleyi populations founded by single or multiple clones to increased concentrations of CO2. Around 500 asexual generations later we assessed their fitness. Compared with populations kept at ambient CO2 partial pressure, those selected at increased partial pressure exhibited higher growth rates, in both the single- and multiclone experiment, when tested under ocean acidification conditions. Calcification was partly restored: rates were lower under increased CO2 conditions in all cultures, but were up to 50% higher in adapted compared with non-adapted cultures. We suggest that contemporary evolution could help to maintain the functionality of microbial processes at the base of marine food webs in the face of global change.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Seaweed Biology: Novel Insights into Ecophysiology, Ecology and Utilization, Seaweed Biology: Novel Insights into Ecophysiology, Ecology and Utilization, Heidelberg, Berlin, Springer, 509 p., pp. 471-493, ISBN: 978-3642284502
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Inbook , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Graduate Research School, Series: SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences, Heidelberg, Springer, 138 p., pp. 28-30, ISBN: 978-3-642-32235-8
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: To date, the software package SCIATRAN (Rozanov et al. 2002; Rozanov et al., 2005, 2008) has been used for modelling radiative processes in the atmosphere for the retrieval of trace gases from satellite data from the satellite sensor SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY onboard the satellite ENVISAT). This SCIATRAN version only accounted for radiative transfer within the atmosphere and reflection of light at the earth surface. However, radiation also passes the air-water interface, proceeds within the water and is modified by the water itself and the water constituents. Therefore, SCIATRAN has been extended by oceanic radiative transfer and coupling it to the atmospheric radiative transfer model under the terms of established models for radiative transfer underwater (Kopelevich 1983; Morel et al. 1974, 2001; Shifrin 1988; Buitevald et al. 1994; Cox and Munk 1954a, 1954b; Breon and Henriot 2006; Mobley 1994) and extending the data bases to include the specific properties of the water constituents (Pope and Fry 1997; Haltrin 2006; Prieur and Sathyendranath 1981).
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Inbook , peerRev
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3arth System Science: Bridging the Gaps between Disciplines Perspectives from a Multi-disciplinary Helmholtz Graduate Research School, Series: SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences, Heidelberg, Springer, 138 p., pp. 31-37, ISBN: 978-3-642-32235-8
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: This study was dedicated to improve the PhytoDOAS method, which was established to distinguish major phytoplankton groups using hyper-spectral satellite data. Through this work the method was improved to detect also coccolithophores, another important taxonomic group, besides diatoms and cyanobacteria from SCIAMACHY data. Instead of the usual approach of the PhytoDOAS single-target fit, a simultaneous fit of a certain set of phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) was implemented within a wider wavelength fit-window, called multi-target fit. The improved method was successfully tested through detecting reported blooms of coccolithophores, as well as by comparison of the globally retrieved coccolithophores with the global distribution of Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC). The improved PhytoDOAS was exploited by analyzing eight years of SCIAMACHY data to investigate the temporal variations of coccolithophore blooms in a selected region within the North Atlantic, which is characterized by the frequent occurrence of intensive coccolithophore blooms. These data were compared to satellite total phytoplankton biomass, PIC conc., sea-surface temperature, surface wind speed and modeled mixed-layer depth (MLD) in order to investigate the bloom dynamics based on variations in regional climate conditions. The results show that coccolithophore blooms follow the first total chl-max and are in accordance with the PIC data. All three variables respond to the dynamics in wind speed, sea surface temperature and mixed layer depth. Overall the result prove, that PhytoDOAS is a valid method for retrieving coccolithophores' biomass and for monitoring bloom developments in the global ocean.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Inbook , peerRev
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Unbekannt
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Seaweed Biology: Novel Insights into Ecophysiology, Ecology and Utilization, (Ecological Studies ; 219), Heidelberg [u.a.], Springer, 510 p., pp. 471-483, ISBN: 978-3-642-28450-2
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-21
    Beschreibung: Seaweeds have been utilized by man as food and medication for about 14,000 years. The ever rising demand for edible seaweeds and for biochemical components of seaweeds, mainly hydrocolloids like agar, alginate, and carrageenan, has fuelled a large aquaculture industry particularly in Asia. Future expansion of seaweed culture will include suitable farming sites in offshore areas associated with wind farms. Seaweeds as extractive and therefore bioremedial species are moreover an important component in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA), where commercially valuable organisms of different trophic levels are combined in a culturing system resembling a small ecosystem. The employment created by seaweeds and other aquaculture secures an income to millions of people and is therefore of high socioeconomic importance.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Inbook , peerRev
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-05
    Beschreibung: A detailed analysis of the earthquake effects on the urban area of Rome has been conducted for the L’Aquila sequence, which occurred in April 2009, by using an on-line macroseismic questionnaire. Intensity residuals calculated using the mainshock and four aftershocks are analyzed in the light of a very accurate and original geological reconstruction of the subsoil of Rome based on a large amount of wells. The aim of this work is to highlight ground motion amplification areas and to find a correlation with the geological settings at a sub-regional scale, putting in evidence the extreme complexity of the phenomenon and the difficulty of making a simplified model. Correlations between amplification areas and both near-surface and deep geology were found. Moreover, the detailed scale of investigation has permitted us to find a correlation between seismic amplification in recent alluvial settings and subsiding zones, and between heard seismic sound and Tiber alluvial sediments.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 425-443
    Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Earthquakes ; Intensity residuals ; Urban geosciences ; Macroseismic effects ; Amplification areas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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