ALBERT

Note: Vorwort/Preface part I: Development and spatial position of molasses and their region of accumulation Lützner, H.; Vass, D.: Subdivision and stages of development of Variscan and Alpine molasses (on the base of the example of Central European Variscides and West Carpathians) Vass, D.; Krystek, I.; Stranik, Zd.: Tectonic activity in time of formation of Main and Late molasses in Czechoslovakian West Carpathians Vozarova, A.; Vozar, J.: Subdivision and stages of development of Variscan molasse of the Czechoslovakian West Carpathians Schwab, G.: The transition between molasse stage and platform cover in the Variscan Central Europe Волочкоич, К.Л. : Верхнепалеозойские орогенные комплексы и структуры Южного Тянь-Шаня (Late Paleozoic orogenic complexes and structures of Southern Tjan-Schan) Леонов, Ю.Г. ; Щерба, И.Г. : Некоторые особенности верхенекайнозойских моласс в зпиплатформенной активизации юга Средней Азии (Some features of Upper Cenozoic molasee in area of epi-platform reactivation in southern Middle Asia) Щерба, И.Г. : Характерный механизм образовация олистостромов в эпоху горообразования (Typical mechanism of olistostrome formation in orogenic epochs) Леонов, Ю.Г. : Корреляция тектонических движений в орогенных областях (областях молассообразования) и за их пределами (Correlation of tectonic movements within and outside of orogene regions (regions of molasse formation) part II: Geological development of block-tectonics in the region of Elbe-Lineament, especially in the territory of G.D.R. Bankwitz, P.; Frischbutter, A.; Bankwitz, E.: Structure and tectonic development of Elbe-zone Ludwig, A.O.: Die strukturelle Entwicklung des NW-Abschnittes des Elbe-Lineaments und Vergleich mit dem anschließenden SE-Abschnitt im Gebiet der DDR (The structural development of the NW-part of Elbe-lineament and comparison with the south-eastern part on the territory of G.D.R.) Benek, R.: Über Beziehungen des permosilesischen Vulkanismus zum Bruchmuster, speziell zum Elbe-Lineament (On relations of Permo-Silesian volcanism to the fault pattern, especially to the Elbe-lineament) Stackebrandt, W.: Zum tektonischen Charakter der Harznordrandstörung (On tectonic character of Northern Harz border fault system) Janssen, Chr.: Analyse der Spannungsverteilung im Tafeldeckgebirge des Subherzynen Beckens und angrenzender Gebiete (Investigations of distribution of paleostress in platform cover of Subhercyn basin and adjacent regions) Fusan, O.; Kvitkovič, J.; Plancǎr, J.: Bau und Dynamik einiger Blöcke der Westkarpaten (Structure and dynamics of several tectonic blocke of the West Carpathians) Николаев, В.Г.: Консолидированная земная кора паннонского бассейна (The consolidation of earth's crust in the Pannonian Basin)

Note: Articles Introduction J. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.01 Geological and Geochemical Studies of Northwest European Continental Shelf The role of the Department of Energy in petroleum exploration of the United Kingdom P. J. Walmsley https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.02 Gas Exploration and Reserves in Europe A. Makourine https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.03 A Review of Geochemical Data Related to the Northwest European Gas Province P. C. Barnard and B. S. Cooper https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.04 Surface Geochemical Exploration in the North Sea J. L. Gevirtz, B. D. Carey, and S. R. Blanco https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.05 Analytic Procedure and Results of an Isotope Geochemical Surface Survey in an Area of the British North Sea E. Faber and W. Stahl https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.06 Petroleum Offshore Sniffer Exploration J. Sigalove https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.07 Petroleum Exploration Onshore U.K. G. J. Candy https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.08 North Sea petroleum exploration T. P. Brennand https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.09 Exploration of the Norwegian Shelf Hans Rønnevik, Svein Eggen, and Jan Vollset https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.10 Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Palaeocene Sands in the Northern North Sea D. C. Mudge and G. M. Bliss https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.11 Geochemistry of Porosity Enhancement and Reduction in Clastic Sediments C. D. Curtis https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.12 Applications of Geochemistry to Sandstone Reservoir Studies Hilary Irwin and Andrew Hurst https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.13 Organofacies and Early Maturation Effects in Upper Jurassic Sediments From the Inner Moray Firth Basin, North Sea M. J. Pearson and D. Watkins https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.14 Aspects of Burial Diagenesis, Organic Maturation and Palaeothermal History of an Area in the South Viking Graben, North Sea M. J. Pearson, D. Watkins, and J-L Pittion D. Caston and J. S. Small https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.15 Some Geological Controls on Oil Composition in the U.K. North Sea C. Cornford, J. A. Morrow, A. Turrington, J. A. Miles, and J. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.16 Kerogen Types, Organic Maturation and Hydrocarbon Occurrences in the Moray Firth and South Viking Graben, North Sea Basin M. J. Fisher and Jennifer A. Miles https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.17 Geochemistry of North and South Brae Areas, North Sea R. H. Reitsema https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.18 The Search for Petroleum in Northern Ireland A. E. Griffith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.19 Frontier exploration in Western and Northwest Europe D. G. Roberts https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.20 Petroleum Exploration of Europe Origins of Natural Gas in the Po Valley, N. Italy L. Mattavelli, T. Ricchiuto, and D. Grighani M. Schoell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.21 Isotope Geochemistry of Natural Gases in Central Europe M. Schoell and M. J. Whiticar https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.22 Geochemical Observations and Oil Genesis in the German Alps and their foreland K. Kuckelkorn, H. Wehner, and H. Hufnagel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.23 Basin Evolution and Hydrocarbon Generation D. P. McKenzie https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.25 Oil Potential of Coals: A Geochemical Approach B. Durand and M. Paratte https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.26 Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry in Coal Chemistry: a study of the coalification of vitrites and the typification of Australian Brown Coals P. A. Schenck, J. W. de Leeuw, and T. C. Viets J. Haverkamp https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.27 Identification of Amorphous Sedimentary Organic Matter by Transmitted Light Microscopy D. J. Batten https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.28 Spectral Correlation of Spore Coloration Standards P. M. R. Smith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.29 Selection Criteria for the Use of Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Tool J. M. A. Buiskool Toxopeus https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.30 Use of Porphyrins as a Maturity Parameter for Oils and Sediments A. J. G. Barwise https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.31 Petroleum Geochemical Principles and Techniques Organic Geochemistry and Basin Modelling — Important Tools in Petroleum Exploration D. H. Welte, M. A. Yükler, M. Radke, D. Leythaeuser, U. Mann, and U. Ritter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.24 Geological Information on Hydrocarbon Exploration on the U.K. Continental Shelf Introduction G. G. Baxter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.32 The Compilation of an Earth Science Bibliography for the North Sea and Adjacent Areas D. J. McKay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.33 Commercially Available Geological Databanks—U.K.C.S. P. Wigley https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.34 Geological Information from Hydrocarbon Exploration on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf J. R. V. Brooks https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.35 EXPHST—A Program to Analyse the History of Exploration Success within a Basin or Country K. J. Chew and H. Stephenson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.36 The Use of Computerized Information in Britoil, Exploration Division G. G. Baxter https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.37

Note: Weathering Processes Lichen weathering of minerals: implications for pedogenesis M. J. Wilson D. Jones https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.01 Porewater reactions in the unsaturated zone with special reference to groundwater quality in England D. A. Spears https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.02 A review of experimental weathering of basic igneous rocks David C. Cawsey and Paul Mellon https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.03 Kaolinites, Laterites and Bauxites Kaolinisation and the formation of silicified wood on late Jurassic Gondwana surfaces H. Wopfner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.04 Kaolinitic weathering profiles in Brittany: genesis and economic importance J. Esteoule-Choux https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.05 The origin and occurrence of Devon Ball Clays A. Vincent https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.06 The Ayrshire Bauxitic Clay: an allochthonous deposit? S. K. Monro F. C. Loughnan and M. C. Walker https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.07 Base metal concentrations in kaolinised and silicified lavas of the Central Burma volcanics T. R. Marshall B. J. Amos D. Stephenson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.08 A low level laterite profile from Uganda and its relevance to the question of parent material influence on the chemical composition of laterites M. J. McFarlane https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.09 Palaeoenvironment of lateritic bauxites with vertical and lateral differentiation Ida Valeton https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.10 Geochemistry of a nickeliferous laterite profile, Liberdade, Brazil J. Esson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.11 Red Beds Reddening of tropical coastal dune sands R. Gardner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.12 Post-depositional reddening of late Quaternary coastal dune sands, north-eastern Australia K. Pye https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.13 Origin of red beds in a moist tropical climate (Etruria Formation, Upper Carboniferous, UK) B. M. Besly P. Turner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.14 Duricrusts: Calcretes, Silcretes and Gypcretes Environment of silcrete formation: a comparison of examples from Australia and the Cologne Embayment, West Germany H. Wopfner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.15 Silcrete in Western Australia: geomorphological settings, textures, structures, and their genetic implications W. J. E. van de Graaff https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.16 Geochemistry of weathering profile silcretes, southern Cape Province, South Africa M. A. Summerfield https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.17 Pliocene channel calcrete and suspenparallel drainage in West Texas and New Mexico C. C. Reeves, Jr https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.18 Concentration of uranium and vanadium in calcretes and gypcretes Donald Carlisle https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.19 Ancient duricrusts and related rocks in perspective: a contribution from the Old Red Sandstone John Parnell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.20 A process-response model for the formation of pedogenic calcretes Colin F. Klappa https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.21 Stable isotope abundances in calcretes A. S. Talma F. Netterberg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.22 A Geotechnical classification of calcretes and other pedocretes F. Netterberg J. H. Caiger https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.23 Karstic residual fluorite-baryte deposits at two localities in Derbyshire R. P. Shaw https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.24 Cenozoic pedogenesis and landform development in south-east England John A. Catt https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.25

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Table of Contents Introduction N. J. Price and K. R. McClay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.01 What is a Thrust? What is a Nappe? J. G. Dennis, R. A. Price, J. K. Sales, R. Hatcher, A. W. Bally, W. J. Perry, H. P. Laubscher, R. E. Williams, D. Elliott, D. K. Norris, D. W. Hutton, T. Emmett, and K. R. McClay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.02 I. Mechanics of Thrusts and Nappes Thoughts on the tectonics of folded belts A. W. Bally https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.03 Pore pressure, discontinuities, isostasy and overthrusts P. E. Gretener https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.04 Gravitational gliding in deltas G. Mandl and W. Crans https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.05 Thrust sheet deformation at a ramp: summary and extensions of an earlier model D. V. Wiltschko https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.06 Deformation and secondary faulting near the leading edge of a thrust fault D. A. Rodgers and W. D. Rizer https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.07 Mechanical model of thrust sheet gliding and imbrication G. Mandl and G. K. Shippam https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.08 The rock mechanics of thrust and nappe formation S. A. F. Murrell https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.09 Subduction and coeval thrust belts, with particular reference to North America A. G. Smith https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.10 The role of gravity in orogenic belts H. Ramberg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.11 II. Rock Products of Thrusting Dynamic analysis of a small imbricate thrust and related structures, Front Ranges, Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains J. H. Spang and S. P. Brown https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.12 The microfabric of calcite tectonites from the Helvetic Nappes (Swiss Alps) S. M. Schmid, M. Casey, and J. Starkey https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.13 Very low grade metamorphism with a reverse gradient induced by an overthrust in Haute-Savoie (France) J. Aprahamian and J.-L. Pairis https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.14 Saline horizons acting as thrust planes along the southern margin of the Damara Orogen (Namibia/SW-Africa) H. J. Behr, H. Ahrendt, A. Schmidt, and K. Weber https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.15 Sliding and other deformation mechanisms in a glacier of salt, S Iran C. J. Talbot https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.16 The Caledonides of northern Norway: relation between preferred orientation of quartz lattice, strain and translation of the nappes A.-M. Boullier and J.-M. Quenardel https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.17 Structure and distribution of fault rocks in the Alpine Fault Zone, New Zealand R. H. Sibson, S. H. White, and B. K. Atkinson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.18 Uplift rates and thermal structure in the Alpine Fault Zone and Alpine Schists, Southern Alps, New Zealand C. J. Adams https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.19 III. Thrust and Nappe Regimes. A. ‘The Old World’ Caledonides The internal geometry of nappes: criteria for models of emplacement M. A. Cooper https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.20 The strain profile above a major thrust fault, Finnmark, N Norway N. J. Milton and G. D. Williams https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.21 The Moine Thrust Zone: an overview K. R. McClay and M. P. Coward https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.22 Tectonic slides in the Caledonides D. H. W. Hutton https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.23 Estimation of the rate and amount of absolute lateral shortening in an orogen using diachronism and strike slipped segments W. E. A. Phillips https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.24 Strain within thrust sheets M. P. Coward and J. H. Kim https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.25 III. Thrust and Nappe Regimes. A. ‘The Old World’ Alpine Tectonics of the Helvetic Nappes J. G. Ramsay https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.26 The 3D propagation of décollement in the Jura H. P. Laubscher https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.27 Fold-and-thrust tectonics in the Helvetic Nappes (E Switzerland) O. A. Pfiffner https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.28 Some observations on the development of thrust faults in the Ultradauphinois Zone, French Alps A. Beach https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.29 Gravity sliding in the Maritime Alps R. H. Graham https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.30 III. Thrust and Nappe Regimes. A. ‘The Old World’ Eurasia Sutures, thrusts and nappes in the Variscan Arc of western Europe: plate tectonic implications Ph. Matte and J. P. Burg https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.31 Wrench related thrusting along a Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental margin: Antalya Complex, SW Turkey N. H. Woodcock and A. H. F. Robertson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.32 Thrust and strike slip fault interaction along the Chaman transform zone, Pakistan R. D. Lawrence and R. S. Yeats S. H. Khan, A. Farah, and K. A. DeJong https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.33 Active thrusting and the evolution of the Zagros fold belt J. A. Jackson and T. J. Fitch D. P. McKenzie https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.34 An overview of thrusts and nappes of western Himalaya V. C. Thakur https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.35 Ambiguity in interpretation of seismic data from modern convergent margins: an example from the IPOD Japan Trench transect R. von Huene, M. Arthur, and B. Carson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.36 Geometrical problems and implications of large scale over-thrusting in the Banda Arc -Australian margin collision zone M. G. Audley-Charles https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.37 Neogene thrust emplacement from a frontal arc in New Guinea J. Milsom https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.38 IV. Thrust and Nappe Regimes. B. ‘The New World’ The Americas The Cordilleran foreland thrust and fold belt in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains R. A. Price https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.39 The nature and significance of large ‘blind’ thrusts within the northern Rocky Mountains of Canada R. I. Thompson https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.40 Metamorphic complex of SE Canadian Cordillera and relationship to foreland thrusting R. L. Brown https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.41 Thrust nappes in the Rocky Mountain Foothills near Mountain Park, Alberta H. A. K. Charlesworth and W. E. Kilby https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.42 Deformational styles in two Mesozoic fault zones, western Washington, USA D. S. Cowan and R. B. Miller https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.43 Thrusts and nappes in the North American Appalachian Orogen R. D. Hatcher, Jr. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.44 COCORP seismic reflection profiling across thrust faults J. A. Brewer, F. A. Cook, L. D. Brown, J. E. Oliver, S. Kaufman, and D. S. Albaugh https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.45 Mechanisms for basement shortening in the Andean foreland fold belt of southern South America Margaret A. Winslow https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1981.009.01.46

Note: CONTENTS Introduction History and development along the Elliott and Dalton Highways Elliott Highway Hickel Highway Dalton Highway Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Climate Temperature Precipitation Physiography Permafrost and ground ice Hydrology Icings Pingos Geology Bedrock geology Glacial geology of the Brooks Range Vegetation Bottomland spruce-poplar forest Upland spruce-hardwood forest Lowland spruce-hardwood forest High shrub Low shrub bogs Moist tundra Wet tundra Alpine tundra Disturbance patterns Flora Soils Road log Introduction Fox Fox - Livengood Livengood Livengood - Yukon River Yukon River region and crossing Yukon River - Atigun Pass Cirque glaciation and processes in the Atigun Pass area Slushflow activity in the Atigun Pass area Atigun Valley - Prudhoe Bay The Prudhoe Bay region Oil-field development Geology Geomorphology. soils, and vegetation Selected references Appendix A - Soil taxonomy Appendix B - List of plants

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Provisional geological map of the barberton greenstone belt and surrounding granitic terrane, Eastern Transvaal and Swaziland 〈1: 250000〉 : drawn by N.A.De N.C. Gomes and R.M. N.C. Gomes /by C.R. Anhaeusser, L.J. Robb and M.J. Viljoen, 1981

Note: Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: National geodynamics Project-Upington geotraverse : simplified geological map 〈1: 250000〉 : Draughting and colour seperation by R M E Kováts /by V Vajner, J van Bever Donker, C Z van Zyl, and C.W.Stowe , Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: The Namaqualand geotraverse 〈1: 250000〉 /by H.J. Blignault, J.A.H. Marais, S.W. van der Merwe, G. van Aswegen and J.A. Muller

Note: Preface Part I DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ROCK-FORMING MINERALS CHAPTER 1 Minerals Without Complex Anions NATIVE ELEMENTS Diamond C Sulfur S SULFIDES Sphalerite ZnS Pyrite FeS₂ HALIDES Halite NaCl Sylvite KCl Fluorite CaF₂ Carnallite KMgCl₃ · 6H₂O Cryolite Na₃AlF₆ OXIDES Periclase MgO Rutile TiO₂ Anatase TiO₂ Brookite TiO₂ Cassiterite SnO₂ Corundum Al₂O₃ Hematite Fe₂O₃ Ilmenite FeTiO₃ Perovskite CaTiO₃ THE SPINEL GROUP The Spinel Series (Mg,Fe²⁺ ,Zn,Mn)Al₂O₄ The Chromite Series (Fe²⁺,Mg)Cr₂O₄ The Magnetite Series (Fe²⁺,Mg,Zn,Mn,Ni)Fe₂³⁺ O₄ Chrysoberyl BeAl₂O₄ HYDROXIDES Brucite Mg(OH)₂ Gibbsite Al(OH)₃ The Diaspore-Boehmite Series α-AlO(OH)-γ-AlO(OH) The Goethite-Lepidocrocite Series α-FeO(OH)-γ-FeO(OH) Limonite FeO(OH) · nH₂O CHAPTER 2 Minerals With Complex Anions (Excluding Silicates) CARBONATES Calcite CaCO₃ Magnesite MgCO₃ Siderite FeCO₃ Rhodochrosite MnCO₃ Smithsonite ZnCO₃ The Dolomite-Ankerite Series CaMg(CO₃)₂-Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO₃)₂ Aragonite CaCO₃ Strontianite SrCO₃ Witherite BaCO₃ Cerussite PbCO₃ Malachite Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃ Azurite Cu₃(OH₂)(CO₃)₂ PHOSPHATES Xenotime YPO₄ Monazite (Ce,La,Th)PO₄ Amblygonite LiAl(PO₄)F The Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series Li(Mn,Fe)PO₄ Apatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,OH,Cl) Wavellite Al₃(OH₃)(PO₄)₂ · 5H₂O SULFATES Anhydrite CaSO₄ Gypsum CaSO₄ · 2H2O Barite BaSO₄ Celestite SrSO₄ Anglesite PbSO₄ Alunite KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ Jarosite KFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆ BORATES Borax Na₂B₄O₇ · 10H₂O Colemanite Ca₂B₆O₁₁ · 5H₂O The Ludwigite-Vonsenite Series (Mg,Fe²⁺)₂Fe³⁺BO₃ · O₂ CHAPTER 3 The Nesosilicates THE OLIVINE GROUP The Forsterite-Fayalite Series (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ The Tephroite-Fayalite Series (Mn, Fe)₂SiO₄ Monticellite CaMgSiO₄ THE GARNET GROUP Pyralspite Garnets (Mg,Fe²⁺,Mn)₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃ Ugrandite Garnets Ca₃(Al,Fe³⁺,Cr)₂(SiO₄)₃ ALUMINOSILICATES Andalusite Al₂SiO₅ Kyanite Al₂SiO₅ Sillimanite Al₂SiO₅ Topaz Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂ Mullite 3Al₂O₃ · 2SiO₂ - 2Al₂O₃ · SiO₂ OTHER NESOSILICATES Dumortierite (Al,Fe³⁺)-O₃(BO₃)(SiO₄)₃ Zircon ZrSiO₄ Sphene CaTiSiO₅ Datolite CaB(SiO₄)OH Staurolite Fe₂²⁺Al₋₉O₆(SiO₄)₄(OH)₋₂ Sapphirine (Mg,Fe²⁺)₂Al₄O₆(SiO₄) Chloritoid (Fe²⁺,Mg,Mn)₂(Al,Fe³⁺)AI₃O₂(SiO₄)₂(OH)₄ The Humite Group nMg₂SiO₄Mg₁₋ₓTiₓ(OH,F)₂₋₂ₓO₂ (x 〈 1) CHAPTER 4 Sorosilicates and Cyclosilicates THE EPIDOTE GROUP The Clinozoisite-Epidote Series Ca₂(Al,Fe³⁺)₃O · SiO4 · Si₂O₇ · OH Zoisite Ca₂Al₃O · SiO₄ · Si₂O₇ · OH Piemontite Ca₂(Al,Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₃O · SiO₄ · Si₂O₇ · OH Allanite (Ca,Ce,La)₂(Al,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺)₃O · SiO₄ · Si₂O₇ · OH Pumpellyite Ca₂Al₂(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al)(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂(H₂O,OH) Lawsonite CaAl₂Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O THE MELILITE GROUP The Gehlenite-Akermanite Series (Ca,Na)₂(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₇ OTHER SOROSILICATES Idocrase Ca₁₀(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂Al₄(Si₂O₇)₂(SiO₄)₅(OH,F)₄ Hemimorphite Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O CYCLOSILICATES Beryl Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ Cordierite Mg₂Al₃(Si₅Al)O₁₈ Tourmaline Na(Mg,Fe,Li.Al)₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH,F)₄ Axinite (Ca,Fe²⁺,Mn)₃Al₂BO₃(SiO₃)₄OH CHAPTER 5 Inosilicates THE PYROXENE GROUP The Enstatite-Orthoferrosilite Series Mg₂(SiO₃)₂-Fe₂(SiO₃)₂ The Diopside-Hedenbergite Series CaMg(SiO₃)₂-CaFe(SiO₃)₂ Pigeonite (Mg,Fe²⁺,Ca)(Mg,Fe²⁺)(SiO₃)₂ Augite (Ca,Mg,Fe²⁺,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al,Ti,Cr)(Si,Al)₂O₆ The Aegirine to Aegirine-Augite Series NaFe³⁺(SiO₃)₂-(Na,Ca)(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Al)(SiO₃)₂ Jadeite NaAl(SiO₃)₂ Omphacite (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al)(SiO₃)₂ Spodumene LiAl(SiO₃)₂ THE PYROXENOID GROUP Wollastonite CaSiO₃ Rhodonite (Mn,Ca)SiO₃ Pectolite Ca₂NaH(SiO₃)₃ THE AMPHIBOLE GROUP Anthophyllite (Mg,Fe²⁺)₇(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₂ The Cummingtonite-Grunerite Series (Mg,Fe²⁺)₇(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₂ The Tremolite-Actinolite Series Ca₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₅(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₂ The Hornblende Series ("Common" Hornblende) Ca₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₄(Al,Fe³⁺)(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂ Oxyhornblende (Basaltic Hornblende) Ca₂Na(Mg,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Al,Ti)₅[(Si₃Al)O₁₁]₂(OH)₂ The Glaucophane-Crossite-Riebeckite Series Na₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₃(Al,Fe³⁺)₂(Si₄O₂₂)₂(OH)₂ Katophorite Na(Na,Ca)(Mg,Fe²⁺)₄Fe³⁺(Si₇Al)O₂₂(OH)₂ The Arfvedsonite-Eckermannite Series Na(Na₁.₅,Ca₀.₅)(Fe²⁺,Mg)₄Fe³⁺(Si₇.₅Al₀.₅)O₂₂(OH)₂ Barkevikite (Na,K)Ca₂(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺,Mn)₅(Si₇Al )O₂₂(OH)₂ CHAPTER 6 Phyllosilicates THE CLAYS The Kaolin (Kandite) Group Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ The Montmorillonite (Smectite) Group (1/2Ca,Na)₀.₆₇(Al,Mg,Fe)₄₋₆(Si.Al)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ · nH₂O The Illite Group (K,Na,H₃O)₁₋₂Al₄(Si₇₋₆Al₁₋₂)O₂₀(OH)₄ Glauconite (K,H₃O)₂(Fe³⁺,Al,Fe²⁺,Mg)₄(Si₇₋₇.₅Al₁₋₀.₅O₂₀(OH)₄ Vermiculit (Mg,Ca)[(Mg,Fe²⁺)₅(Fe³⁺,Al)](Si₅AI₃)O₂₀(OH)₄ · 8H₂O The Palygorskite-Sepiolite Series (Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₈Si₁₂O₃₀(OH)₄(OH₂)₄ · 8H₂O THE MICA GROUP Muscovite KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂ Biotite K₂(Mg,Fe²⁺)₆₋₅Al₀₋₁(Si₆₋₅Al₂₋₃)O₂₀(OH,F)₄ Lepidolite K₂(Li₄₋₂Al₂₋₃)(Si₈₋₆Al₀₋₂)O₂₀(OH,F)₄ Zinnwaldite K₂(Fe₁₋₂²⁺Li₂₋₃Al₂)(Si₆₋₇Al₂₋₁)O₂₀(F,OH)₄ Brittle micas Ca₂(Al.Mg)₄(Al,Si)₈O₂₀(OH)₄ THE CHLORITE GROUP The Amesite-Antigorite Series (Mg,Al)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈ The Pseudothuringite-Brunsvigite Series (Fe,Al)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈ The Klementite-Delessite Series (Mg,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈ The Thuringite-Strigovite Series (Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈ OTHER PHYLLOSILICATES Serpentine Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄ Talc Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ Pyrophyllite Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂ Stilpnomelane (K,Na,Ca)₀₋₁(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Mn,Al)₂(O,OH,H₂O)₆₋₇(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Mn,Al)₅₋₆(Si₈O₂₀)(OH)₄ Prehnite Ca₂Al(AlSi₃)O₁₀(OH)₂ Apophyllite KCa₄(Si₄O₁₀)₂F · 8H₂O CHAPTER 7 Tektosilicates SILICA α-Quartz SiO₂ β-Quartz SiO₂ α-Tridymite SiO₂ α-Cristobalite SiO₂ Chalcedony SiO₂ Opal SiO₂ · nH₂O NATURAL GLASSES FELDSPARS Alkali Feldspars The Sanidine-High Albite Series (K,Na)AlSi₃O₈ The Orthoclase-Low Albite Series (K,Na)AlSi₃O₈ The Microline-Low Albite Series (K,Na)AlSi₃O₈ Plagioclase Feldspars Plagioclase (NaSi,CaAl)AlSi₂O₈ Barium Feldspar The Celsian-Orthoclase Series (BaAl,KSi)AlSi₂O₈ THE FELDSPATHOID GROUP Nepheline Na₃KAl₄Si₄O₁₆ Leucite KAlSi₂O₆ The Sodalite Group Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄Cl₂ Cancrinite (Ca,Na)₇₋₈(AlSiO₄)₆(CO₃,SO₄,Cl)₁₋₂ · 1-5H₂O THE ZEOLITE GROUP Analcime Na(AlSi₂)O₆H₂O Natrolite Na₂(AlSi₃)O₁₀ · 2H₂O Mesolite Na₂Ca₂[(Al₂Si₃)O₁₀]₃ · 8H₂O Scolecite Ca(Al₂Si₃)O₁₀ · 3H₂O Thomsonite NaCa₂[(Al,Si)₅O₁₀]₂ · 6H₂O Gonnardite Na₂Ca[(Al,Si)₅O₁₀]₂ · 6H₂O Mordenite (Na₂,K₂,Ca)(Al₂Si₁₀)O₂₄ · 7H₂O Laumontite Ca(Al₂Si₄)O₁₂ · 4H₂O Edingtonite Ba(Al₂Si₃)O₁₀ · 4H₂O Heulandite (Ca,Na₂)(Al₂Si₇)O₁₈ · 6H₂O Stilbite (Ca,Na₂,K₂)(Al₂Si₇)O₁₈ · 7H₂O Phillipsite (Ca,K₂,Na₂)₆[(Al₃Si)₅O₁₆]₂ · 12H₂O Harmotome Ba(Al₂Si₆)O₁₆ · 6H₂O Chabazite Ca(Al₂Si₄)O₁₂ · 6H₂O Gmelinite (Na₂,Ca)(Al₂Si₄)O₁₂ · 6H₂O OTHER TEKTOSILICATES Scapolite (Ca,Na)₄[(Al,Si)₃Al₃Si₆O₂₄](Cl,CO₃) Petalite Li(AlSi₄)O₁₀ Part II Optical and physical constants of the nonopaque minerals Isotropic Minerals Uniaxial Positive Minerals Uniaxial Negative Minerals Biaxial Positive Minerals Biaxial Negative Minerals Index