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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rehabilitation and replacement of water distribution system components considering uncertainties (1990)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 4 (1990), S. 277-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Water distribution ; optimization ; nonlinear programming ; integer programming ; chance constraints ; rehabilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the mathematical development of an integer — nonlinear programming chance — constrained optimization model for the minimum cost rehabilitation/replacement of water distribution system components. Particular attention is given to the handling of uncertainties in the roughness factors and the loading conditions including both the random demand and preassure head requirements. The advantages of the proposed model include the ability to: 1) handle the optimal timing of rehabilitation/replacement for water distribution system components; 2) link a mixed-integer linear program solver, a nonlinear program solver, and a hydraulic simulator into an optimization framework; 3) handle the uncertainties of some of the variables; 4) incorporate various kinds of cost functions; and 5) handle multiple loading conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544082
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entropy principles in the prediction of water quality values at discontinued monitoring stations (1994)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 8 (1994), S. 301-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Change ; discontinued stations ; entropy ; networks ; optimization ; prediction ; unbiased ; water quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A new methodology for predicting water quality values at discontinued water quality monitoring stations is proposed. The method is based upon the Principle of Maximum Entropy (POME) and provides unbiased predictions of water quality levels at upstream tributaries and on the mainstem of a river given observed changes in the distribution of the same water quality parameter at a downstream location. Changes in the values of water quality parameters which are known a priori to have occurred upstream, but which are not sufficiently large to account for all the observed change in the same water quality parameter at the downstream location are able to be incorporated in the method through the introduction of a new term in the basic entropy expression. Application of the procedure to water quality monitoring on the Mackenzie River in Queensland, Australia indicates the method has considerable potential for prediction of water quality at discontinued stations. The method also has potential for identifying the location of causes of observed changes in water quality at a downstream station.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01588759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Re-evaluation of minor events: The examples of the 1895 and 1909 Rome earthquakes (1993)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 7 (1993), S. 219-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Rome ; local earthquakes ; vulnerability ; intensity estimation ; historical earthquakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The city of Rome is subjected to moderate seismic risk due to both local and external seismicity. Up to now, the maximum intensity felt has never exceeded VIII MCS. The 1 November 1895 (I o = VII) and 31 August 1909 (I o = VI) earthquakes demonstrate that small local events can also cause damage in a large old city. In the present work, we have re-evaluated the intensity values of those two events by means of automatic processing. A comparison between the present results with geological evidence and previous studies is shown, especially for the historical centre of Rome. For the first time, the 1909 earthquake instrumental magnitudeM L = 3.6 has been calculated from original recordings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662648
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GIS Techniques for Mapping Groundwater Contamination Risk (1999)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 20 (1999), S. 279-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: risk assessment ; groundwater contamination ; vulnerability ; GIS ; hazard ; economic ; value
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The groundwater contamination risk map of a samplealluvial area was produced by using the IlwisGeographical Information System (GIS) to construct andto overlay thematic maps. The risk map has beenderived from the vulnerability map, the hazard map,where the potential contaminating sources wereidentified, and the socio-economic value of thegroundwater resource, represented by the wells. Thegroundwater quality map allowed thereliability of hazard and risk maps to be tested. The final map shows interesting results and stressesthe need for the GIS to test and improve on thegroundwater contamination risk assessment methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008192919933
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adapting to Climate Change in Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2 (1997), S. 19-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: adaptation ; Africa ; agriculture ; climate change ; vulnerability ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The intersection of present vulnerability and the prospect of climate change in Africa warrants proactive action now to reduce the risk of large-scale, adverse impacts. The process of planning adaptive strategies requires a systematic evaluation of priorities and constraints, and the involvement of stakeholders. An overview of climate change in Africa and case studies of impacts for agriculture and water underlie discussion of a typology of adaptive responses that may be most effective for different stakeholders. The most effective strategies are likely to be to reduce present vulnerability and to enhance a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, resource and economic perturbations. In some cases, such as design of water systems, an added risk factor should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MITI.0000004663.31074.64
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adapting to climate change in Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change 2 (1997), S. 19-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1596
    Keywords: adaptation ; Africa ; agriculture ; climate change ; vulnerability ; water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The intersection of present vulnerability and the prospect of climate change in Africa warrants proactive action now to reduce the risk of large-scale, adverse impacts. The process of planning adaptive strategies requires a systematic evaluation of priorities and constraints, and the involvement of stakeholders. An overview of climate change in Africa and case studies of impacts for agriculture and water underlie discussion of a typology of adaptive responses that may be most effective for different stakeholders. The most effective strategies are likely to be to reduce present vulnerability and to enhance a broad spectrum of capacity in responding to environmental, resource and economic perturbations. In some cases, such as design of water systems, an added risk factor should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02437055
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance Risk Analysis for Fukuoka Water Supply System (1998)
    Springer
    Water resources management 12 (1998), S. 13-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: risk ; reliability ; resiliency ; vulnerability ; drought risk index ; drought damage index ; simulation ; water supply ; reservoir operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract In this study, simulation is used to evaluate the performance of the municipal water system in Fukuoka city. In combination with daily simulation model, a kind of risk model incorporating water demand prediction is presented. This model applies five risk indices: reliability, resiliency, vulnerability, drought risk index (DRI) and drought damage index (DDI). They aid in the identification of operation policies for the municipal water system, and the planning and operational policies obtained are aimed at achieving minimum risk for a given scenario of operation. In this paper, the performance risk of the municipal water system is investigated under three alternatives: (1) the existing system operation when available supply from the Chikugo river is decreased; (2) water restrictions for different percentages of reduction are implemented; and (3) available water supply increases when desalination of sea water is implemented. The results obtained show that savings of between 5 and 12% of water consumption from May 1, or increasing of daily desalination of sea water about 30 000 m3 or more, may efficiently decrease the performance risk of the Fukuoka water supply system. Potentials also exist for further increase of reservoir storage by more rational operation. The measure that more attention should be paid to increasing the water supply from stable sources is recommended as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007951806144
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On Solving Aquifer Management Problems with Simulated Annealing Algorithms (1999)
    Springer
    Water resources management 13 (1999), S. 153-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Aquifer management ; infrastructure location ; least-cost design and operation ; optimization ; simulated annealing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Aquifer systems play an essential role in meeting the ever increasing use of water for different purposes. Proper design and management of such systems should therefore be a very important matter of concern, not only to ensure that water will be available in adequate quantity (and quality) to satisfy demands but also to guarantee that this would be done in an optimal manner. This paper presents a model serving to define which water supply structures (especially pumping equipment and pipes) should be installed in order to minimize the sum of set-up costs and operation costs while satisfying demands, using a heuristic approach based on simulated annealing. Annealing algorithms are random local search optimization algorithms that allow, at least in theory and in probability, the determination of a global optimum of a (possibly constrained) function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008149626428
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for real-time optimal flood control operation of a reservoir system (1990)
    Springer
    Water resources management 4 (1990), S. 21-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Flood control ; unsteady flow ; reservoir operation ; optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract A methodology and model have been developed for the real-time optimal flood operation of river-reservoir systems. This methodology is based upon combining a nonlinear programming model with a flood-routing simulation model within an optimal control framework. The generalized reduced gradient code GRG2 is used to perform the nonlinear optimization and the simulator is the U.S. National Wheather Service DWOPER code. Application of the model is illustrated through a case study of Lake Travis on the Lower Colorado River in Texas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429923
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reservoir operation policies for optimizing energy generation at the Shiroro Dam (1988)
    Springer
    Water resources management 2 (1988), S. 209-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Hydroelectric power ; operating policy ; optimization ; probabilistic dynamic programming ; Shiroro Dam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Reservoir water release policies are computed for the Shiroro Dam hydroelectric power scheme in Northern Nigeria, using a probabilistic dynamic programming model. The state variable is the reservoir storage volume, while the uncertain nature of the inflow process is accounted for in the model by considering different possible inflow volumes and their inflow probabilities. Simulation of the reservoir operations with the derived policies show that on the average the hydrosystem has acceptable reliability when two units are in use, at 45% design power plant factor. At 70% power plant factor, which is the desired optimum for the power system in Nigeria, system failures are frequent and, in most cases, severe. For normal operation of the Shiroro Dam hydroelectric power system, two or three generating units, running at 40–50% power plant factor is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429902
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