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  • De Gruyter
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  • 1
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-06-06
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-06-03
    Description: This study investigated photosynthetic and oxidative stress-related responses to moderate (500 μmol photons m −2 s −1 ) and high irradiances (1500 μmol photons m −2 s −1 ) in two tropical intertidal seagrasses, Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii . Exposure to high irradiance for 3 h resulted in a large decline in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) but induced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and chloroplast clumping in H. ovalis . Thalassia hemprichii , however, showed only a minor decrease in Fv/Fm and ΦPSII, and no change in either NPQ or the intracellular arrangement of chloroplasts. The irradiance did not affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in either seagrass, whereas high irradiance enhanced ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in H. ovalis . The results from a subsequent experiment using an oxidative stress inducer, methyl viologen (MV), also showed a higher degree of Fv/Fm inhibition in H. ovalis . These results show that H. ovalis is much more physiologically responsive to high irradiances and oxidative stress than T. hemprichii and that its photoprotective mechanisms involve NPQ, APX and reduction of the amount of light absorbed through the clumping of its chloroplasts.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: Misapplication of Ulva epithets in GenBank has led to confusion in the scientific literature and community. To solve some of the problems, targeted DNA sequencing of plastid encoded rbc L gene amplicons or high-throughput sequencing was performed on all blade-forming Ulva type specimens from the northeast Pacific. Recently collected specimens from at or near type localities were also analyzed for some taxa. Based on these genetic analyses, we confirmed currently recognized species: U. californica , with U. angusta and U. scagelii as heterotypic synonyms, U. stenophylla , U. taeniata , and U. tanneri . Ulva dactylifera , currently considered a synonym of U. taeniata based on morpho-anatomy, is recognized as a distinct species, as is U. expansa whose type specimen was sequenced in 2018. All but two of the ITS, rbc L and tuf A sequences in GenBank that were labeled U. californica were correctly named, in contrast to U. taeniata , for which only one of 14 sequences was correctly labeled. These results show that DNA sequencing of Ulva type specimens is essential for the correct application of names.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: DNA sequences were obtained from 32 blade-forming Ulva specimens collected in 2018 and 2019 from four islands in the Galápagos Archipelago: Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela and San Cristóbal. The loci sequenced were nuclear encoded ITS and plastid encoded rbc L and tuf A, all recognized as barcode markers for green algae. Four species were found, Ulva adhaerens , U. lactuca , U. ohnoi and U. tanneri , all of which have had their type specimens sequenced, ensuring the correct application of these names. Only one of these, U. lactuca , was reported historically from the archipelago. Ulva adhaerens was the species most commonly collected and widely distributed, occurring on all four islands. Previously known only from Japan and Korea, this is the first report of U. adhaerens from the southeast Pacific Ocean. Ulva ohnoi was collected on three islands, Isabela, Floreana, and San Cristóbal, and U. lactuca only on the last two. Ulva tanneri is a diminutive, 1–2 cm tall, high intertidal species that is easily overlooked, but likely far more common than the one specimen that was collected. This study of blade-forming Ulva species confirms that a concerted effort, using DNA sequencing, is needed to document the seaweed flora of the Galápagos Archipelago.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: The 2007 flora “Green Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland” did not present the molecular data underpinning the Ulvaceae treatment, mostly ITS sequences. Subsequently, names have changed as type material of Ulva species is sequenced and intensive sampling with DNA barcoding adds new European species. To update the Ulvaceae, we systematically sampled from 2007 to 2021, identifying specimens using various molecular markers alongside DNA from type material of four species. We show here that Ulva gigantea , based on rbc L, tuf A and ITS sequences of its holotype, is assigned to Ulva compressa , as is the lectotype of Ulva curvata . Ulva gigantea sensu GenBank and Ulva pseudocurvata are conspecific. The correct name is U. pseudocurvata based on rbc L sequences of the lectotype. Two species of monostromatic Ulvaceae were included in the 2007 flora, but we show that both of them and all earlier British monostromatic collections represent Ulvaria splendens , a species originally described from Alaska. Analysis of two rbc L amplicons of the Ulva sordida lectotype shows that it is conspecific with Ulvaria splendens . Our first genuine collections of Ulvaria obscura from SW England and SW Wales correspond to topotype material from the Bay of Biscay, recent samples from Galicia and unpublished tuf A sequences from Britanny.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-16
    Description: Species classified in the genus Ulva are important foundational marine primary producers distributed worldwide. These species are particularly abundant and diverse through the northwest Pacific (NWP) where they experience marked latitudinal gradients of environmental heterogeneity. It is unclear, however, to what extent such dynamic conditions can modulate phenotypic and genetic patterns in these organisms, potentially reflecting the influence of historical and contemporary biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we assessed inter- and intra-specific genetic patterns of Ulva species through the NWP using plastid rbc L and tuf A gene sequences. Although we initially targeted Ulva australis based on morphological identification, we recovered eight Ulva genetic entities masked by morphological similarities. Except for the Ulva linza–procera–prolifera and U. lactuca–reticulata complexes, six of these genetic entities were recovered as individual species (i.e., U. australis , U. ohnoi , U. californica , U. compressa , U. lacinulata , and U. arasakii ), and showed biogeographic patterns likely explained by clines in sea surface temperature and ocean current dispersal. At intra-specific level, all the genetic entities showed low genetic variation and divergence based on rbc L (0–0.3 %) and tuf A (0–0.9 %) data. Our results provide insights regarding intra- and inter-specific genetic patterns characterizing morphologically similar Ulva species through the NWP. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underpinning such patterns and the associated ecological and evolutionary implications.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Themistios, ein anerkannter Philosoph seiner Zeit, gilt als einer der erfolgreichsten Lobredner des 4. nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts. Lange Zeit wurde ihm vor allem die Rolle eines Regierungssprechers zugeschrieben und seine Behauptung, dass er den Kaiser als Philosoph lobt, für reine Rhetorik gehalten. Diese Arbeit geht unter der Prämisse des Akzeptanzmodells vor allem der Frage nach, wie der große Erfolg Themistios’ zu erklären ist, der immerhin Hauptredner auf vier aufeinanderfolgende Kaiser war. Die textnahe Untersuchung der Reden zeigt, dass sich Themistios als nicht-christlicher Philosoph stark von den neuplatonischen Philosophen seiner Zeit unterscheidet und vor allem diese Themistios abgesprochen haben, als Philosoph zu sprechen. Ein Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist, dass die Gruppe der nicht-christlichen Philosophen weniger homogen war als bisher vermutet, und es bei Themistios eine größere Nähe zu den christlichen Herrschaftsvorstellungen, gibt als bislang angenommen. Es zeigt sich, dass Themistios’ Vorstellung eines guten Herrschers mit dem der Neuplatoniker nicht zu vereinbaren ist und diese jedoch bei dem Gros der Eliten großen Anklang fand. Themistios kann damit als einer der ersten politischen Philosophen gelten. ; Themistios, ein anerkannter Philosoph seiner Zeit, gilt als einer der erfolgreichsten Lobredner des 4. nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts. Lange Zeit wurde ihm vor allem die Rolle eines Regierungssprechers zugeschrieben und seine Behauptung, dass er den Kaiser als Philosoph lobt, für reine Rhetorik gehalten. Diese Arbeit geht unter der Prämisse des Akzeptanzmodells vor allem der Frage nach, wie der große Erfolg Themistios’ zu erklären ist, der immerhin Hauptredner auf vier aufeinanderfolgende Kaiser war. Die textnahe Untersuchung der Reden zeigt, dass sich Themistios als nicht-christlicher Philosoph stark von den neuplatonischen Philosophen seiner Zeit unterscheidet und vor allem diese Themistios abgesprochen haben, als Philosoph zu sprechen. Ein Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist, dass die Gruppe der nicht-christlichen Philosophen weniger homogen war als bisher vermutet, und es bei Themistios eine größere Nähe zu den christlichen Herrschaftsvorstellungen, gibt als bislang angenommen. Es zeigt sich, dass Themistios’ Vorstellung eines guten Herrschers mit dem der Neuplatoniker nicht zu vereinbaren ist und diese jedoch bei dem Gros der Eliten großen Anklang fand. Themistios kann damit als einer der ersten politischen Philosophen gelten. ; Themistios, a recognised philosopher of his time, is regarded as one of the most successful eulogists of the 4th century AD. For a long time, the role of a government spokesman was attributed to him and his claim that he praised the emperor as a philosopher was considered pure rhetoric. Based on the premise of the acceptance model, this work primarily examines the question of how Themistios' great success can be explained, given that he was the main speaker for four successive emperors. The textual examination of the speeches shows that Themistios, as a non-Christian philosopher, differs greatly from the Neoplatonic philosophers of his time and that they in particular denied Themistios the right to speak as a philosopher. One result of the study is that the group of non-Christian philosophers was less homogeneous than previously assumed, and that Themistios was closer to Christian ideas of domination than previously assumed. It turns out that Themistios' idea of a good ruler cannot be reconciled with that of the Neoplatonists and yet it was very popular with the majority of the elites. Themistios can therefore be regarded as one of the first political philosophers.
    Keywords: Themistius, 317-388 ; Spätantike ; Latein / Literatur ; Politische Philosophie ; Late Antiquity ; Latin literature ; political philosophy ; Themistios ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DB Ancient, classical and medieval texts ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAX History of religion
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Lucan`s Bellum Civile (Pharsalia) is traditionally read as a political critique of the Principate. However, several features of this text run counter to this interpretation. This study reexamines Lucan`s work using the model of the unreliable narrator to illuminate its portrayal of contradictory structures in Nero`s Principate. The interdisciplinary approach offers a new perspective on Lucan`s epic poem and its historical importance.
    Keywords: Marcus Annaeus Lucanus ; unreliable narration ; Principate ; Bellum Civile ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history
    Language: German
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The information overload produced by the printing press and the new forms of the structuring of knowledge are echoed in fictional works. The essays assembled in this book study the textualization of problematic forms of knowledge in medieval and early modern Spanish literature. Literary Works like the Libro buen amor, La Lozana Andaluza, or the Guzmán de Alfarache are read against the backdrop of scientific developments of their times.
    Keywords: Literature and Science ; History of Knowledge ; Dissent ; Siglo de Oro ; Picaresque ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: In detailed case studies, Helge Baumann analyzes how Martial and Statius presented, integrated, and functionalized the epic into small poetic formats. These authors associated different situations, cultural practices, and actors with the epic. In the literary communication between poet and patron, the small format became an effective medium of role construction for authors and for their audiences.
    Keywords: Martial ; Statius ; intertextuality ; patronage poems ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DB Ancient, classical and medieval texts ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval
    Language: German
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