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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (7)
  • European Geosciences Union  (3)
  • The Geological Society of London  (3)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Conclusion: recommendations and findings of the RED SEED working group (2016)
    The Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-27
    Beschreibung: RED SEED stands for Risk Evaluation, Detection and Simulation during Effusive Eruption Disasters, and combines stakeholders from the remote sensing, modelling and response communities with experience in tracking volcanic effusive events. The group first met during a three day-long workshop held in Clermont Ferrand (France) between 28 and 30 May 2013. During each day, presentations were given reviewing the state of the art in terms of (a) volcano hot spot detection and parameterization, (b) operational satellite-based hot spot detection systems, (c) lava flow modelling and (d) response protocols during effusive crises. At the end of each pre- sentation set, the four groups retreated to discuss and report on requirements for a truly integrated and operational response that satisfactorily combines remote sensors, modellers and responders during an effusive crisis. The results of collating the final reports, and follow-up discussions that have been on-going since the workshop, are given here. We can reduce our discussions to four main findings. (1) Hot spot detection tools are operational and capable of providing effusive erup- tion onset notice within 15 min. (2) Spectral radiance metrics can also be provided with high degrees of confidence. However, if we are to achieve a truly global system, more local receiving stations need to be installed with hot spot detection and data processing modules running on-site and in real time. (3) Models are operational, but need real-time input of reliable time-averaged discharge rate data and regular updates of digital elevation models if they are to be effective; the latter can be provided by the radar/photogrammetry community. (4) Information needs to be provided in an agreed and standard format following an ensemble approach and using models that have been validated and recognized as trustworthy by the responding authorities. All of this requires a sophisticated and centralized data collection, distribution and reporting hub that is based on a philosophy of joint ownership and mutual trust. While the next chapter carries out an exercise to explore the viability of the last point, the detailed recommendations behind these findings are detailed here.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-82
    Beschreibung: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): effusive eruptions ; volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 2
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    Experimentation of two coupled gravity meters in continuous recording with a high sampling rate at Etna volcano (2009)
    European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: During the summer of 2005, we performed a 2-month lasting experiment (29 July - 29 September), using two spring gravimeters installed side-by-side at Mt. Etna. Two LaCoste & Romberg gravimeters were utilized (G594 and G1190), each equipped with an Aliod 100 electronic feedback system. Data were acquired at a sampling rate (2 Hz) higher than that normally used for gravimetric recordings. Apparent fluctuations (i.e. instrumental, not due to actual changes of the gravity field) dominated by a component with period of about 20 seconds appear over the gravity recordings when both high-frequency (local earthquakes) and low-frequency (teleseisms) components dominate the ensuing seismic wavefield. Though it has only an instrumental character, the outcome of this study represent an important further step towards the development of any a-priori or a-posteriori system aimed at reduce the effect of seismic shocks on the signal from continuously recording gravimeters.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Vienna
    Beschreibung: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): gravimeters ; earthquakes ; seismic-induced effects ; gravity fluctuations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Poster session
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 3
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    Unbekannt
    Shallow-conduit dynamics at Stromboli Volcano, Italy, imaged from waveform inversions (2008)
    The Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Modelling of Very-Long-Period (VLP) seismic data recorded during explosive activity at Stromboli in 1997 provides an image of the uppermost 1 km of its volcanic plumbing system. Two distinct dyke-like conduit structures are identified, each representative of explosive eruptions from two different vents located near the northern and southern perimeters of the summit crater. Observed volumetric changes in the dykes are viewed as the result of a piston-like action of the magma associated with the disruption of a gas slug transiting through discontinuities in the dyke apertures. Accompanying these volumetric source components are single vertical forces resulting from an exchange of linear momentum between the source and the Earth. In the dyke system underlying the northern vent, a primary disruption site is observed at an elevation near 440 m where a bifurcation in the conduit occurs. At a depth of 80 m below sea level, a sharp corner in the conduit marks another location where the elastic response of the solid to the action of the upper source induces pressure and momentum changes in the magma. In the conduit underlying the southern vent, the junction of two inclined dykes with a sub-vertical dyke at 520 m elevation is a primary site of gas slug disruption, and another conduit corner 280 m below sea level represents a coupling location between the elastic response of the solid and fluid motion.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 57-84
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Shallow-conduit dynamics ; Stromboli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 4
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    Numerical simulation of the dynamics of fluid oscillations in a gravitationally unstable, compositionally stratified fissure (2008)
    The Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We have simulated the dynamics of convection, mixing and ascent of two basaltic magmas differing in their volatile and crystal content, giving rise to a gravitationally unstable configuration along a dyke or fissure. Numerical simulations are performed by a recently developed code which describes the transient 2D dynamics of multicomponent fluids from the incompressible to the compressible regime, and the initial and boundary conditions are inspired to the paroxysmal eruption which occurred at Stromboli in 2003 (D'Auria et al. 2006). Multicomponent (H2O+CO2) saturation is accounted for by modelling the non-ideal equilibrium between the gas phase and the melt. The numerical results show the formation of a rising bulge of light magma, and the sink of discrete batches of dense magma towards deep fissure regions. Such dynamics are associated with a complex evolution of the pressure field, which shows variations occurring over a wide spectrum of frequencies. A first order analysis of the propagation of such pressure disturbances through the country rocks shows that the pre-eruptive fissure dynamics are able to produce mm-size, mainly radial deformation of the volcano, and a detectable seismic signal with spectral peaks at periods of about 50 s.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 33-44
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Volcano Seismology ; Numerical Simulations ; Fluid-dynamics models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 5
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    Active faults on the eastern flank of Etna volcano (Italy) monitored through soil radon measurements (2013)
    European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This study concerns measurements of radon and thoron emissions from soil carried out in 2004 on the unstable eastern flank of Mt. Etna, in a zone characterized by the presence of numerous seismogenic and aseismic faults. The statistical treatment of the geochemical data allowed recognizing anomaly thresholds for both parameters and producing distribution maps that highlighted a significant spatial correlation between soil gas anomalies and tectonic lineaments. In particular, the highest anomalies were found at the intersection between WNW-ESE and NW-SE -running faults. The seismic activity occurring in and around the study area during 2004 was analyzed, producing maps of hypocentral depth and released seismic energy. These maps revealed a progressive deepening of hypocenters from NW to SE, with the exception of a narrow zone in the central part of the area, with a roughly WNW-ESE direction. Also, the highest values of seismic energy were released during events in the southern and northwestern sectors of the area. Both radon and thoron anomalies were located in areas affected by relatively deep (5-10 km depth) seismic activity, while less evident correlation was found between soil gas anomalies and the released seismic energy. This study confirms that mapping the distribution of radon and thoron in soil gas can reveal hidden faults buried by recent soil cover or faults that are not clearly visible at the surface. The correlation between soil gas data and earthquake depth and intensity can give some hints on the source of gas and/or on fault dynamics. Lastly, an important spin-off of this study is the recognition of some areas where radon activity was so high (〉50000 Bq/m3) that it may represent a potential hazard to the local population. In fact, radon is the leading cause of lung cancer after cigarette smoke for long exposures and, due to its molecular weight, it accumulates in underground rooms or in low ground, particularly where air circulation is low or absent. In the investigated area this risk is real, as it is inhabited by thousands of people who reside there all year long. Therefore, this study serves as a starting point for the assessment of radon hazard in the Mt. Etna area, considering both spatial and temporal changes in soil radon emissions depending on the presence of faults and/or the occurrence of seismic activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Vienna
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; radon monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Poster session
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    First observational evidence for the CO2-driven origin of Stromboli’s major explosions (2011)
    European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report on the first detection of CO2 flux precursors of the till now unforecastable “major” explosions that intermittently occur at Strombolivolcano (Italy). An automated survey of the crater plume emissions in the period 2006–2010, during which 12 such explosions happened, demonstrated that these events are systematically preceded by a brief phase of increasing CO2/SO2 weight ratio (up to 〉40) and CO2 flux (〉1300 t d−1) with respect to the timeaveraged values of 3.7 and 500 t d−1 typical for standard Stromboli’s activity. These signals are best explained by the accumulation of CO2-rich gas at a discontinuity of the plumbing system (decreasing CO2 emission at the surface), followed by increasing gas leakage prior to the explosion. Our observations thus supports the recent model of Allard (2010) for a CO2-rich gas trigger of recurrent major explosions at Stromboli, and demonstrates the possibility to forecast these events in advance from geochemical precursors. These observations and conclusions have clear implications for monitoring strategies at other open-vent basaltic volcanoes worldwide.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 135-142
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): CO2 ; Stromboli ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    ARTIKEL (OA)
  • 7
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    Unbekannt
    Quantifying Effusion Rates at Active Volcanoes through Integrated Time-Lapse Laser Scanning and Photography (2016)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: During volcanic eruptions, measurements of the rate at which magma is erupted underpin hazard assessments. For eruptions dominated by the effusion of lava, estimates are often made using satellite data; here, in a case study at Mount Etna (Sicily), we make the first measurements based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and we also include explosive products. During the study period (17–21 July 2012), regular Strombolian explosions were occurring within the Bocca Nuova crater, producing a ~50 m-high scoria cone and a small lava flow field. TLS surveys over multi-day intervals determined a mean cone growth rate (effusive and explosive products) of ~0.24 m3·s−1. Differences between 0.3-m resolution DEMs acquired at 10-minute intervals captured the evolution of a breakout lava flow lobe advancing at 0.01–0.03 m3·s−1. Partial occlusion within the crater prevented similar measurement of the main flow, but integrating TLS data with time-lapse imagery enabled lava viscosity (7.4 × 105 Pa·s) to be derived from surface velocities and, hence, a flux of 0.11 m3·s−1 to be calculated. Total dense rock equivalent magma discharge estimates are ~0.1–0.2 m3·s−1 over the measurement period and suggest that simultaneous estimates from satellite data are somewhat overestimated. Our results support the use of integrated TLS and time-lapse photography for ground-truthing space-based measurements and highlight the value of interactive image analysis when automated approaches, such as particle image velocimetry (PIV), fail.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 14967 - 14987
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): lava flow; scoria cone; effusion rate; terrestrial laser scanning; time-lapse photography; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    ARTIKEL (OA)
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