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  • American Geophysical Union  (9,277)
  • IntechOpen  (6,445)
  • 2020-2024  (6,704)
  • 1970-1974  (7,955)
  • 1945-1949  (565)
  • 1940-1944  (498)
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  • 1
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    Estimating Bioturbation From Replicated Small‐Sample Radiocarbon Ages (2021)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, American Geophysical Union, 36(7), ISSN: 2572-4517
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-22
    Description: Marine sedimentary records are a key archive when reconstructing past climate; however, mixing at the seabed (bioturbation) can strongly influence climate records, especially when sedimentation rates are low. By commingling the climate signal from different time periods, bioturbation both smooths climate records, by damping fast climate variations, and creates noise when measurements are made on samples containing small numbers of individual proxy carriers, such as foraminifera. Bioturbation also influences radiocarbon-based age-depth models, as sample ages may not represent the true ages of the sediment layers from which they were picked. While these effects were first described several decades ago, the advent of ultra-small-sample $^{14}$C dating now allows samples containing very small numbers of foraminifera to be measured, thus enabling us to directly measure the age-heterogeneity of sediment for the first time. Here, we use radiocarbon dates measured on replicated samples of 3-30 foraminifera to estimate age-heterogeneity for five marine sediment cores with sedimentation rates ranging from 2-30 cm kyr$^{-1}$. From their age-heterogeneities and sedimentation rates we infer mixing depths of 10-20 cm for our core sites. Our results show that when accounting for age-heterogeneity, the true error of radiocarbon dating can be several times larger than the reported measurement. We present estimates of this uncertainty as a function of sedimentation rate and the number of individuals per radiocarbon date. A better understanding of this uncertainty will help us to optimise radiocarbon measurements, construct age models with appropriate uncertainties and better interpret marine paleo records.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Carbon Stocks and Potential Greenhouse Gas Production of Permafrost-Affected Active Floodplains in the Lena River Delta (2024)
    American Geophysical Union
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research (JGR): Biogeosciences, American Geophysical Union, 129, ISSN: 2169-8953
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: Arctic warming increases the degradation of permafrost soils but little is known about floodplain soils in the permafrost region. This study quantifies soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen stocks, and the potential CH4 and CO2 production from seven cores in the active floodplains in the Lena River Delta, Russia. The soils were sandy but highly heterogeneous, containing deep, organic rich deposits with 〉60% SOC stored below 30 cm. The mean SOC stocks in the top 1 m were 12.9 ± 6.0 kg C m−2. Grain size analysis and radiocarbon ages indicated highly dynamic environments with sediment re-working. Potential CH4 and CO2 production from active floodplains was assessed using a 1-year incubation at 20°C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cumulative aerobic CO2 production mineralized a mean 4.6 ± 2.8% of initial SOC. The mean cumulative aerobic:anaerobic C production ratio was 2.3 ± 0.9. Anaerobic CH4 production comprised 50 ± 9% of anaerobic C mineralization; rates were comparable or exceeded those for permafrost region organic soils. Potential C production from the incubations was correlated with total organic carbon and varied strongly over space (among cores) and depth (active layer vs. permafrost). This study provides valuable information on the carbon cycle dynamics from active floodplains in the Lena River Delta and highlights the key spatial variability, both among sites and with depth, and the need to include these dynamic permafrost environments in future estimates of the permafrost carbon-climate feedback.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    An International Collection of Multidisciplinary Approaches to Violence and Aggression (2023)
    IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: This book is a collection of theoretical perspectives and research studies from international scholars on neuropsychological aspects of aggression, personality features, gender-based violence, and cultural origins of conflict. Written by experts in the field, it offers insights into multi-theoretical perspectives on aggression and violence and the multifaceted factors involved in the etiology and management of conflict. This useful resource presents perspectives from Western and non-Western frameworks of violence, broadening the spectrum of the shared knowledge base.
    Keywords: Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Insecticides (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This book deals with all aspects of chemical pest control, such as the different groups of insecticides and their modes of action, problems caused by insecticides to the environment, the resistance of pests to insecticides, and problems and legislation of different countries regarding the application of these products. It also addresses aspects of the problems caused by insecticides in fresh and marine water, as well as presents research methodologies and protocols.
    Keywords: Agriculture & farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVP Pest control / plant diseases
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    E-Learning (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In this book, we can read about new technologies that enhance training and performance; discover new, exciting ways to design and deliver content; and have access to proven strategies, practices and solutions shared by experts. The authors of this book come from all over the world; their ideas, studies, findings and experiences are beneficial contributions to enhance our knowledge in the field of e-learning. The book is divided into three sections, and their respective chapters refer to three macro areas. The first section of the book covers Instructional Design of E-learning, considering methodology and tools for designing e-learning environments and courseware. Also, there are examples of effective ways of gaming and educating. The second section is about Organizational Strategy and Management. The last section deals with the new Developments in E-learning Technology, emphasizing subjects like knowledge building by mobile e-learning systems, cloud computing and new proposals for virtual learning environments/platforms.
    Keywords: Information technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Insecticides (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. They are used primarily in agriculture to control pests that infest crop. Nearly all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems: many are toxic to humans and/or animals; some become concentrated as they spread along the food chain. The presence of these chemicals in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems has become an important issue globally. The book Insecticides - Agriculture and Toxicology provides information on the use of insecticides in pest management in order to enhance crop protection and their effects on nontarget organisms.
    Keywords: contamination, ecotoxicology, legume, residues, parasitoids, xenobiotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVP Pest control / plant diseases
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Digital Image and Video Watermarking and Steganography (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Authenticating data such as image, video, and audio is an important task in digital communication. Another critical task is establishing ownership of the copyright. Digital watermarking is a technique used to provide authentication and ownership of the copyright to the data. Too much digitalization of data in the form of image, video, and audio communicated through various web and mobile applications makes authentication a challenging task. Steganography, the art of hiding tiny pieces of data in image, video, and audio, can also help in copyright protection, authentication, and access control. This book provides three watermarking and two steganography methods and will be a useful resource for graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers in the field of electrical engineering.
    Keywords: 3D graphics & modelling ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UG Graphical and digital media applications
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Modern Railway Engineering (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Since the advent of steam engines and higher throughput railways during the early nineteenth century, the rate of development has been rather steady and incremental. The development of advanced electronic control and command systems, increasing levels of automation, and electrified high-speed railways over the past few decades have transformed the rail transportation posing it as a competitor to aviation. Modern railways are no longer the sole forte of civil and mechanical engineering and involve a broad multidisciplinary engineering disciplines from advanced computing, telecommunications, and networking to big data analytics and even AI. This volume addresses the diverse, evolving, and advanced engineering disciplines including enabling practices and processes involved in shaping modern railways.
    Keywords: infrastructure, interferometry, adaptive control, digital twin, propagation, safety ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRF Railway technology, engineering and trades
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Advances in Expert Systems (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Intelligent systems, known as expert systems, serve to this purpose in the extent that they have signed as facilitators in this process. These are systems that are based on expert knowledge, on any subject, in order to emulate human expertise in the specific field. To obtain this knowledge, the knowledge engineers, also called software engineers, need to develop methodologies for intelligent systems. In this area there is still no unified methodology that provides effective methods, notations and tools to aid in development.
    Keywords: Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Vision Systems (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Research in computer vision has exponentially increased in the last two decades due to the availability of cheap cameras and fast processors. This increase has also been accompanied by a blurring of the boundaries between the different applications of vision, making it truly interdisciplinary. In this book we have attempted to put together state-of-the-art research and developments in segmentation and pattern recognition. The first nine chapters on segmentation deal with advanced algorithms and models, and various applications of segmentation in robot path planning, human face tracking, etc. The later chapters are devoted to pattern recognition and covers diverse topics ranging from biological image analysis, remote sensing, text recognition, advanced filter design for data analysis, etc.
    Keywords: Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision
    Language: English
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