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  • SPACE RADIATION  (3,643)
  • 2020-2023
  • 1985-1989  (1,237)
  • 1965-1969  (1,725)
  • 1960-1964  (672)
  • 1955-1959  (9)
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  • 1
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Space radiation transport, spacecraft shielding design and advanced concepts, and methods for calculating radiation penetration through protective shields - conference
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-SP-169 , ANN. MEETING OF THE AM. NUCL. SOC.; Jun 11, 1967 - Jun 15, 1967; SAN DIEGO, CA; UNITED STATES
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Energetic hydrogen and helium nuclei from the galaxy (cosmic rays) enter the solar system with varying degrees of difficulty during the 11-year solar magnetic cycle, resulting in spatial and temporal variations of particle intensities in the heliosophere. Observations of these variations from the ISEE-3, Voyager 1 and 2, and Pioneer 10 spacecraft during the period from early 1981 to early 1986 and for heliocentric distances ranging from 1 to 37 AU are reported. During this time the high energy intensities in the outer heliosphere have been increasing exponentially at a rate of approximately 20 percent/year with occasional interruptions due to enhanced solar activity. The radial intensity gradients measured in the ecliptic plane are observed to remain constant or to decrease at the time of the reversal of the solar magnetic poles in 1980.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 785-788
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  • 3
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Nasa-sponsored space research - geodesy, earth-sun relationships, moon and planets, and astronomy - satellite and space probe data review
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: The AIBS Bulletin. Special Space-Biology Issue; XII; 5; 70-72
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Possible relationships among the cosmic ray intensity and magnetic fields and flows inside 1 AU are investigated using data gathered by instrumentation on the Helios 1 spacecraft during 1977-80. The data included nearly continuous simultaneous plasma and magnetic field measurements for periods of two months or more at heliocentric radii from 0.3-1 AU. Account was taken of fluctuations of the relative particle counting rates due to spacecraft motion. The passage of transient streams following solar wind shock waves was accompanied by Forbush decreases but not long term modulation. The extent and consistency of the data support a model of shell-like disturbances of diverse shapes and internal structures proceeding outward from the sun. Magnetic field fluctuation spectra (turbulence) calculated for the various types of flow observed permitted establishing power laws relationships between the variations observed and the frequency of the magnetic field. Transient flows were more turbulent than corotating flows. Turbulence was also present in mixed flows, possibly arising from shocks, and was usually confined to the spiral shaped structures of corotation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 2917-292
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  • 5
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The present theories of galaxy formation are reviewed. The relation between peculiar velocities, temperature fluctuations of the microwave background and the correlation function of galaxies point to the possibility that galaxies do not form uniformly everywhere. The velocity data provide strong constraints on the theories even in the case when light does not follow mass of the universe.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Nineteenth International Cosmic Ray Conference. Conference Papers: Invited Rapporteur, Highlight, Miscellaneous, Volume 9; 11 p
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The network of cosmic ray observatories reaching across the heliosphere has given new insight into the process of solar modulation, establishing that the decreases occur principally in the outer heliosphere and are produced by interplanetary flow systems; that the hysteresis effects appear to be produced by changes in the rigidity dependence of the diffusion coefficient and that the predicted effects on the cosmic ray gradients associated with the reversal of the solar magnetic field polarity are not observed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: SH-4.7-3 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 5; p 193-196; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-5
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: When Voyager 2 was near 11 AU, the counting rate of nuclei approx 75 MeV/nucleon decreased during the interval from July, 1982 to November, 1982, and it increased thereafter until August, 1983. A decrease in cosmic ray flux was generally associated with the passage of an interaction region in which the magnetic field strength B was higher than that predicted by the spiral field model, B sub p. Several large enhancements in B/B sup p were associated with merged interaction regions which probably resulted from the interaction of two or more distinct flows. During the passage of interaction regions the cosmic ray intensity decreased at a rate proportional to (B/B sup p -1), and during the passage of rarefaction regions (where B/B sup p 1) the cosmic ray intensity increased at a constant rate. The general form of the cosmic ray intensity profile during this approx 13 month minicycle can be described by integrating these relations using the observed B(+). Latitudinal variations of the interaction regions and of the short-term cosmic ray variations were identified.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 12
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Data obtained with the Deep River neutron monitor and the underground vertical muon telescope at Embudo for the period 1965-1979 are analyzed. The data show that for 1957-1970 the diurnal anisotropy is unidirectional. During 1971-1979, the diurnal anisotropy consists of two components. One is in the east-west direction and the other is the radial component, with direction along 12:00 LT. The latter attains a maximum amplitude in 1976. No evidence is found for the existence of the twenty year wave in the diurnal anisotropy of cosmic rays.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 15; 287-290
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The reasons for the temporal and latitudinal large-scale fluctuations in the magnetic-field strength observed between 13 and 25 AU by Voyagers 1 and 2 in 1984-1985, and their effect on the cosmic ray intensity profile are investigated. The study of low-frequency and intermediate-frequency fluctuations determined from magnetic-field-intensity profile suggests the presence of discontinuities near the equator during both years. The intensity of cosmic ray nuclei of greater than 75 MeV during 1984 was found to fluctuate about a constant value, because the decreases of intensity caused by the passage of large merged interaction regions balanced the increases of intensity associated with rarefied regions. The intensity of cosmic ray nuclei above 75 MeV increased during 1985 because there were few large interactions then. The cosmic ray intensity increased more rapidly at low than at high latitudes. The model of Burlaga et al. (1985) was found to provide good first-order fits to the cosmic ray intensity profiles.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 13647-13
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: On 1 January 1986, Voyager 1 was at a heliolatitude of 30 deg above the ecliptic plane at a radial distance of 25.4 AU. The galactic cosmic ray latitudinal gradients in the outer heliosphere measured at that time were found to be negative, about 1-2 percent/AU, show no strong energy dependence and are approximately half the radial gradient.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 781-784
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