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  • Ecology
  • Iran
  • 2020-2024
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  • 2000-2004  (10)
  • 1940-1944
  • 2000  (10)
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-09-23
    Description: Researchers are hoping that the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a new 4-year, $20 million project that will get under way early next year, will synthesize what's known about the world's ecosystems and help policy-makers deal with those that are under siege. The assessment will turn loose ecologists and social scientists to gather and analyze data on the state of the world's ecosystems, assess nature's ability to provide essential "services" such as food and clean water, and project environmental trends such as deforestation, loss of species, and pollution. But some say that the assessment could end up a victim of its own lofty goals--to evaluate ecosystem health, supply data to implement treaties, and sell the message that ecosystems have economic value.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 8;289(5485):1676-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollution ; Foundations ; Greenhouse Effect ; *International Cooperation ; Public Policy ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 14;289(5477):222-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; *Chlorophyta ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; Marine Biology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marean, C W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2174-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. curtis.marean@sunysb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10744540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animal Husbandry/*history ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Archaeology ; Female ; *Goats/anatomy & histology/physiology ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Iran ; Iraq ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Sheep/anatomy & histology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-03-24
    Description: Initial goat domestication is documented in the highlands of western Iran at 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago. Metrical analyses of patterns of sexual dimorphism in modern wild goat skeletons (Capra hircus aegagrus) allow sex-specific age curves to be computed for archaeofaunal assemblages. A distinct shift to selective harvesting of subadult males marks initial human management and the transition from hunting to herding of the species. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates on skeletal elements provide a tight temporal context for the transition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeder, M A -- Hesse, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2254-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archaeobiology Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0112, USA. zeder.melinda@nmnh.si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animal Husbandry/*history ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Animals, Wild/anatomy & histology ; Archaeology ; Body Constitution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Climate ; Female ; *Goats/anatomy & histology/physiology ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Iran ; Iraq ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2000-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1192-3, 1195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10712147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Politics ; *Public Policy ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Kluwer
    In:  Dordrecht, 460 pp., Kluwer, vol. 12, pp. 6322, (ISBN 0-521-79203-7)
    Publication Date: 2000
    Keywords: Earthquake hazard ; Earthquake risk ; Seismology ; Earthquake engineering, engineering seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: chemical (Rn, water(-level,...) ; eastern ; Europe ; Caucasus ; China ; Mexico ; Textbook of geophysics ; JICA ; RADIUS ; Spitak ; Iran ; Armenia ; Georgia
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment 58 (2000), S. 207-213 
    ISSN: 1435-9537
    Keywords: Key words Landslides ; Hazard zonation ; Weightings ; Fuzzy sets ; Iran ; Mots clés Glissements de terrain ; Zonage d'aléa ; Pondération ; Ensembles flous ; Iran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La cartographie de l'aléa glissement de terrain contribue à l'évaluation du risque dans les régions où la prédisposition au glissement est reconnue. Les facteurs explicatifs de l'aléa sont généralement identifiables, et les résultats de ce type d'étude sont souvent présentés sous forme d'une carte de zonage précisant les zones d'égal risque d'occurrence de glissement. Korshrostam est l'une des régions les plus concernées en Iran par les glissements de terrain, avec plus de 13% de sa surface affectés par ceux-ci. Les effets des glissements comprennent des dommages aux villages, terres agricoles et routes, ainsi qu'une érosion intense des sols et, en conséquence, une sédimentation importante dans le réservoir du barrage de Manjil. La méthode de cartographie de l'aptitude au glissement utilisée dans cette étude s'appuie sur une simple grille. Un certain nombre de facteurs de prédisposition ont été considérés, comprenant la lithologie, la pente topographique, l'activité tectonique, le type d'occupation des sols et l'eau souterraine. Pour chaque cellule de la grille, l'évaluation des facteurs de prédisposition a été notée sous forme d'un indice en pourcent (SPI). Un logiciel a étéécrit, utilisant les ensembles flous, pour calculer un indice d'aptitude au glissement (HPI) pour chaque cellule de la grille. Cette méthode a été utilisée pour préparer la carte de zonage de l'aléa glissement de terrain.
    Notes: Abstract  Landslide hazard zonation is a method to evaluate the risk where there is the potential for landslides. The factors contributing to the hazard in an area can usually be identified, results of the investigations frequently being presented as a landslide hazard zonation map indicating zones of similar risk of the occurrence of a landslide. Korshrostam is one of the areas most susceptible to landslides in Iran with more than 13% of its surface being affected by landslide activity. The effects include damage or disturbance to villages, farmlands and roads as well as the exacerbation of erosion of the land surface and consequently an increase in the rate of sedimentation in the water flowing into the reservoir of the Manjil dam. The method of landslide zonation used in this study was based on a simple grid unit. A number of factors contributing to the likelihood of landsliding were considered, including lithology, slope, tectonic activity, land use and groundwater. For each grid unit, the incidence of landsliding and an assessment of the likely contributory factors were recorded in terms of a surface percentage index (SPI). A computer program was written using fuzzy sets to calculate the hazard potential index (HPI) for each unit. This was used to prepare the landslide hazard zonation map.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 441 (2000), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anostraca ; distribution ; Iran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the finding of three anostracan species, Chirocephalus skorikowi Daday, 1913, Branchinecta orientalis Sars, 1901 and Branchinella spinosa. Milne-Edwards, 1840 in different localities in northwestern Iran. C. skorikowi was recorded in a lake at an elevation of 2400 m, whereas B. orientalis was found in a pond at 1280 m a.s.l. Co-existing B. spinosa and B. orientalis were collected in a pool close to the town of Tabriz, formerly indicated by Brehm (1954) as Estakr Chah, presently named EalGoli. Unlike Brehm (1954), we did not find Streptocephalus in the area of Tabriz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Ecology ; macrophytes ; mesotrophic lake ; planktonic ciliates ; Protozoa ; shallow lake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The species richness and seasonal development of planktonic ciliates were studied and compared in two shallow mesotrophic lakes, one covered with dense submerged macrophytes, the other macrophyte poor. Considerable differences in ciliate species composition, dominant taxa, abundance and biomass were observed. Ciliates were much more species rich in the macrophyte-rich lake, while they were more abundant numerically in the macrophyte-poor lake. Altogether, 96 species, included in 53 genera, 14 orders were identified. Among them, 80 species (included in 45 genera, 14 orders) observed from the macrophyte-rich lake, against 49 species (36 genera, 12 orders) were from the macrophyte-poor lake. In the macrophyte-rich lake, the mean abundance and biomass were 13.5 cells ml-1 and 547.10 μg l-1 f.w.; abundance and biomass were higher in spring and winter; naked oligotrichs dominated total ciliate abundance and Peritrichida dominated the biomass. In the macrophyte-poor lake, ciliate mean abundance and biomass were 35.5 cells ml-1 and 953.39 μg l-1 f.w.; abundances peaked in autumn; Scuticociliates dominated the abundance and Tintinnids dominated the biomass. Possible causes for the observed differences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Irrigation and drainage systems 14 (2000), S. 207-222 
    ISSN: 1573-0654
    Keywords: Iran ; irrigation performance assessment ; delivery performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Delivery performance ratio was used to assess thewater delivery performance in an irrigation district in theDoroodzan Irrigation System in Iran. The measurements wereapplied to three selected irrigation canals and their tertiaryoutlets during five consecutive irrigation cycles. The canalswere located at the head, middle and tail end of the irrigationdistrict. Performance indicators reveal that the physical system and themanagement could respond to the delivery of the intended supply.The indicators show a better reliability performance than theequity performance in water delivery at the tertiary outlets. Theresults from the Doroodzan Irrigation System reveal that thesystem could not deliver water according to the real crop waterrequirements. The actual overall efficiency was used to quantifythe water delivery performance in terms of deficit and excesswater. The equity and reliability performance was illustrated byusing the spatial and temporal variation of the expected overallefficiency at the district level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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