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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (1,330)
  • Engineering  (644)
  • Malaysia
  • Oceanography
  • 2020-2023
  • 2000-2004  (839)
  • 1995-1999  (1,369)
  • 2001  (839)
  • 1999  (472)
  • 1998  (897)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2023
  • 2000-2004  (839)
  • 1995-1999  (1,369)
Year
  • 1
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    Alfred Russel Wallace\xe2\x80\x99s record of his consignments to Samuel Stevens, 1854-1861 (2001)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 75, 16-25, pp. 251-341
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: An annotated facsimile of those pages of Alfred Russel Wallace\xe2\x80\x99s notebook recording his consignments from the Malay Archipelago to his London agent, Samuel Stevens, is provided. Records of individual consignments are linked with the stages of Wallace\xe2\x80\x99s and Charles Allen\xe2\x80\x99s itineraries to which they relate and are amplified from data provided by Wallace elsewhere; wherever possible, dates and places of the despatch of consignments and of the dates of their receipt in London are noted; and the dates of material becoming available for study are established, chiefly from British Museum accessions registers. It is intended that this should provide readier access to scattered collection data and should in particular assist in determining what specimens may properly be regarded as types or syntypes of the many taxa described by numerous contemporary authors from Wallace\xe2\x80\x99s material.
    Keywords: A.R. Wallace ; C. Allen ; S. Stevens ; Malaysia ; Indonesia ; biography ; biogeography ; biodiversity
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    The Caddisfly Triaenodes pellectus Ulmer (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae: Triaenodini) taken in Sabah, East Malaysia (2001)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 75, 16-25, pp. 381-384
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Triaenodes pellectus Ulmer is recorded from Sabah on the Island of Borneo, constituting the southernmost record of this widespread species. A checklist of the Triaenodes species from the southeast Asian islands and New Guinea is given.
    Keywords: Trichoptera ; Triaenodes pellectus ; Sabah ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Workshop on Science and the Human Exploration of Mars (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-07
    Description: The exploration of Mars will be a multi-decadal activity. Currently, a scientific program is underway, sponsored by NASA's Office of Space Science in the United States, in collaboration with international partners France, Italy, and the European Space Agency. Plans exist for the continuation of this robotic program through the first automated return of Martian samples in 2014. Mars is also a prime long-term objective for human exploration, and within NASA, efforts are being made to provide the best integration of the robotic program and future human exploration missions. From the perspective of human exploration missions, it is important to understand the scientific objectives of human missions, in order to design the appropriate systems, tools, and operational capabilities to maximize science on those missions. In addition, data from the robotic missions can provide critical environmental data - surface morphology, materials composition, evaluations of potential toxicity of surface materials, radiation, electrical and other physical properties of the Martian environment, and assessments of the probability that humans would encounter Martian life forms. Understanding of the data needs can lead to the definition of experiments that can be done in the near-term that will make the design of human missions more effective. This workshop was convened to begin a dialog between the scientific community that is central to the robotic exploration mission program and a set of experts in systems and technologies that are critical to human exploration missions. The charge to the workshop was to develop an understanding of the types of scientific exploration that would be best suited to the human exploration missions and the capabilities and limitations of human explorers in undertaking science on those missions.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: LPI-Contrib-1089 , Workshop on Science and the Human Exploration of Mars; Jan 11, 2001 - Jan 12, 2001; Greenbelt, MD; United States
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  • 4
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    HEDS Goals (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: In November of 1996, NASA made the decision to fully integrate several areas of robotic and human Mars exploration study and planning. As a result of this decision, requirements for unmanned robotic missions to support human Mars exploration were identified and a plan to meet these requirements was developed. Concrete progress in the implementation of this plan has been made. Three experiments have been selected and are in development for the Mars Surveyor Program 2001 Orbiter and Lander missions which will provide critical data for the planning of human missions to Mars. An Announcement of Opportunity for the Mars Surveyor Program 2003 Lander mission has recently been released which solicited proposals related to planning for a human mission. In order to define HEDS objectives for Mars robotic missions, it is important to understand what information is required as a foundation for mounting a program of exploration of this magnitude. We identify areas of research on robotic missions that will enable future human missions. These areas include Site Selection for Human Missions, Hazards to Human Explorers, Living off the Land, and Testing Critical Technologies in the Mars Environment.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration; 84-86; LPI-Contrib-991
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  • 5
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    Wind Induced Sediment Resuspension in a Microtidal Estuary (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Bottom sediment resuspension frequency, duration and extent (% of bottom sediments affected) were characterized for the fifteen month period from September 1995 to January 1997 for the Barataria Basin, LA. An empirical model of sediment resuspension as a function of wind speed, direction, fetch and water depth was derived from wave theory. Water column turbidity was examined by processing remotely sensed radiance information from visible and near-IR AVHRR imagery. Based on model predictions, wind induced resuspension occurred during all seasons of this study. Seasonal characteristics for resuspension reveal that late fall, winter and early spring are the periods of most frequent and intense resuspension. Model predictions of the critical wind speed required to induce resuspension indicate that winds of 4 m/s (averaged over all wind directions resuspend approximately 50% of bottom sediments in the water bodies examined. Winds of this magnitude (4 m/s) occurred for 80% of the time during the late fall, winter and early spring and for approximately 30% of the time during the summer. More than 50% of the bottom sedimets are resuspended throughout the year, indicating the importance of resuspension as a process affecting sediment and biogeochemical fluxes in the Barataria Basin.
    Keywords: Oceanography
    Type: SE-1999-05-00018-SSC
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  • 6
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    Introduction to Mars Sample Handling Workshop Series: Overview of Mars Sample Hazard Analysis (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Samples returned from Mars should be contained and treated as though potentially hazardous until proven otherwise If sample containment cannot be verified en route to Earth, the sample and spacecraft should either be sterilized in space or not returned to Earth. Integrity of sample containment should be maintained through reentry and transfer to a receiving facility. Controlled distribution of unsterilized materials should only occur if analyses determine the sample not to contain a biological hazard. Planetary protection measures adopted for the first sample return should not be relaxed for subsequent missions without thorough scientific review and concurrence by an appropriate independent body
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Mars Sample Handling Protocol Workshop Series; 63-76; NASA/CP-2001-211388
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  • 7
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    Mid-Infrared Spectra of Mercury (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Mid-infrared (8-13 microns) spectra of radiation emitted from the surface of solar system objects can be interpreted in terms of surface composition. However, the spectral features are weak, and require exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio spectra to detect them. Ground-based observations of spectra in this region are plagued by strong atmospheric absorptions from water and ozone. High-altitude balloon measurements that avoid atmospheric absorptions can be affected by contamination of the optics by dust. We have developed a technique to obtain mid-infrared spectra of Mercury that minimizes these problems. The resulting spectra show evidence of transparency features that can be used to qualitatively characterize the surface composition. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Mercury: Space Environment, and Surface and Interior; 16-17; LPI-Contrib-1097
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  • 8
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    Ratio of Sodium to Potassium in the Mercurian Exosphere (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) atoms can be seen in the exosphere of Mercury and the Moon because they are extremely efficient at scattering sunlight. These species must be derived from surface materials, so that we might expect the ratio of sodium to potassium to reflect the ratio of these elements in the surface crust. This expectation is approximately born out for the Moon, where the ratio of sodium to potassium in the lunar exosphere averages to be about 6, not too far from the ratio in lunar rocks of 2 to 7. However, the ratio in the Mercury exosphere was found to be in the range 80 to 190, and at least once, as high as 400. The sodium and potassium atoms seen in the Mercury exosphere represent a balance between production from the surface and loss to space. Only if the production efficiencies and loss rates for Na and K were equal, would the ratio of Na to K in the exosphere reflect the ratio in the surface rocks. Since a value of 100 or more for the ratio of sodium to potassium in the surface rocks seems very unlikely, the high values of the observed ratios suggests that either production efficiencies or loss processes for the two elements are not equivalent. It does not seem likely that source processes should be different on the Moon and Mercury by an order of magnitude. This suggests that loss processes rather than source processes are the cause of the difference between the two. The major loss processes for sodium and potassium on Mercury are radiation pressure and trapping of photoions by the solar wind. Radiation pressure can reach 50-70% of surface gravity, and can sweep sodium and potassium atoms off the planet, provided they are sufficiently hot. Photoionization followed by trapping of the ions in the solar wind is the other major loss process. Photoions are accelerated to keV energies in the magnetosphere, and may either intercept the magnetopause, and be lost from the planet, or impact the planetary surface. Ions that impact the surface are neutralized, and are then available for resupply to the exosphere. The loss efficiency depends on characteristics of the magnetosphere that determine the fraction of the ions that are recycled by neutralization on the surface. Over the preceding decade, we have collected sodium and potassium data for Mercury at irregular intervals. We analyzed these data to extract values for the Na/K ratio at a variety of conditions on Mercury. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Mercury: Space Environment, and Surface and Interior; 75-76; LPI-Contrib-1097
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  • 9
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    Ar Atmosphere: Implications for Structure and Composition of Mercury's Crust (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We examine the possibilities of sustaining an argon atmosphere by diffusion from the upper 10 km of crust, and alternatively by effusion from a molten or previously molten area at great depth . Ar-40 in the atmospheres of the planets is a measure of potassium abundance in the interiors since Ar-40 is a product of radiogenic decay of K-40 by electron capture with the subsequent emission of a 1.46 eV gamma-ray. Although the Ar-40 in the earth's atmosphere is expected to have accumulated since the late bombardment, Ar-40 in surface-bounded exospheres is eroded quickly by photoionization and electron impact ionization. Thus, the argon content in the exospheres of the Moon, Mercury and probably Europa is representative of current effusion rather than accumulation over the lifetime of the body. Argon content will be a function of K content, temperature, grain size distribution, connected pore volume and possible seismic activity. Although Mercury and the Moon differ in many details, we can train the solutions to diffusion equations to predict the average lunar atmosphere. Then these parameters can be varied for Hermean conditions. Assuming a lunar crustal potassium abundance of 300 ppm, the observed argon atmosphere requires equilibrium between the argon production in the upper 9 Km of the moon (1.135 x 10(exp -3) cm(exp -3) s(exp -1)) and its loss. Hodges et al. conclude that this loss rate and the observed time variability requires argon release through seismic activity, tapping a deep argon source. An important observation is that the extreme surface of the Moon is enhanced in argon rather than depleted, as one would expect from outgassing of radiogenic argon. Manka and Michel concluded that ion implantation explains the surface enhancement of Ar-40. About half of the argon ions produced in the lunar atmosphere would return to the surface, where they would become embedded in the rocks. Similarly, at Mercury we expect the surface rocks to be enhanced in Ar-40 wherever the magnetosphere has been open over time. Thus the measurement of surface composition will reveal the long-term effects of solar wind-magnetosphere interaction. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Mercury: Space Environment, and Surface and Interior; 53; LPI-Contrib-1097
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  • 10
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    Interpretation of Fe-XANES Pre-Edge Spectra: Predictions Based on Co and Fe Optical Spectra (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Microanalysis of Fe-3+/Total(Fe) in extraterrestrial samples is important due to sample size constraints of sample return missions. We compare Fe XANES spectra with Co optical spectra that predict valence electron levels based on 'Z1' model. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII; LPI-Contrib-1080
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