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  • Articles  (245)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (245)
  • Frontiers Media S.A.
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  • 2020-2023
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  • Articles  (245)
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  • 2020-2023
  • 2000-2004  (140)
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  • 1
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    Transcription. Switching partners in a regulatory tango (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishioka, K -- Reinberg, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2497-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Methylation ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Crystal structure of the free radical intermediate of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: In anaerobic organisms, the decarboxylation of pyruvate, a crucial component of intermediary metabolism, is catalyzed by the metalloenzyme pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) resulting in the generation of low potential electrons and the subsequent acetylation of coenzyme A (CoA). PFOR is the only enzyme for which a stable acetyl thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-based free radical reaction intermediate has been identified. The 1.87 A-resolution structure of the radical form of PFOR from Desulfovibrio africanus shows that, despite currently accepted ideas, the thiazole ring of the ThDP cofactor is markedly bent, indicating a drastic reduction of its aromaticity. In addition, the bond connecting the acetyl group to ThDP is unusually long, probably of the one-electron type already described for several cation radicals but not yet found in a biological system. Taken together, our data, along with evidence from the literature, suggest that acetyl-CoA synthesis by PFOR proceeds via a condensation mechanism involving acetyl (PFOR-based) and thiyl (CoA-based) radicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chabriere, E -- Vernede, X -- Guigliarelli, B -- Charon, M H -- Hatchikian, E C -- Fontecilla-Camps, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2559-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Cristallogenese des Proteines, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Universite Joseph Fourier, CNRS, 41, rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752578" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Coenzymes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Desulfovibrio/*enzymology ; Dimerization ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; *Free Radicals/chemistry/metabolism ; Ketone Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Pyruvate Synthase ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Development. Staying a boy forever (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wasserman, S A -- DiNardo, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2495-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Genetics, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0634, USA. stevenw@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Drosophila/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Germ Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatids/cytology/physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Testis/cytology ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Breakthrough of the year. Scorecard 2000 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning ; Communicable Diseases ; Elementary Particles ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Oceanography ; Rna ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Biomedicine. Do G quartets orchestrate fragile X pathology? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moine, H -- Mandel, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2487-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UPR9002 CNRS, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein ; Fragile X Syndrome/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *RNA-Binding Proteins ; Synapses/physiology ; Untranslated Regions
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    DNA replication. Genomic views of genome duplication (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: DNA replication is initiated at numerous origins of replication (oris) within the chromosomes. In a pair of ambitious studies, two groups have used different techniques to pinpoint the locations of all of the oris throughout the yeast genome at different times during S phase (Raghuraman et al., Wyrick et al.). Stillman, in his Perspective, compares and contrasts the different methods and their findings, and speculates on the value of combining these techniques to look at oris in the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stillman, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2301-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. stillman@cshl.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Fungal ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/biosynthesis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Genome, Fungal ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Origin Recognition Complex ; *Replication Origin ; S Phase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A combined experimental and computational strategy to define protein interaction networks for peptide recognition modules (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: Peptide recognition modules mediate many protein-protein interactions critical for the assembly of macromolecular complexes. Complete genome sequences have revealed thousands of these domains, requiring improved methods for identifying their physiologically relevant binding partners. We have developed a strategy combining computational prediction of interactions from phage-display ligand consensus sequences with large-scale two-hybrid physical interaction tests. Application to yeast SH3 domains generated a phage-display network containing 394 interactions among 206 proteins and a two-hybrid network containing 233 interactions among 145 proteins. Graph theoretic analysis identified 59 highly likely interactions common to both networks. Las17 (Bee1), a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) family of actin-assembly proteins, showed multiple SH3 interactions, many of which were confirmed in vivo by coimmunoprecipitation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, Amy Hin Yan -- Drees, Becky -- Nardelli, Giuliano -- Bader, Gary D -- Brannetti, Barbara -- Castagnoli, Luisa -- Evangelista, Marie -- Ferracuti, Silvia -- Nelson, Bryce -- Paoluzi, Serena -- Quondam, Michele -- Zucconi, Adriana -- Hogue, Christopher W V -- Fields, Stanley -- Boone, Charles -- Cesareni, Gianni -- P41 RR11823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):321-4. Epub 2001 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Computational Biology ; Consensus Sequence ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Databases, Genetic ; Databases, Protein ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Proteome ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Software ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein ; src Homology Domains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    CTCF, a candidate trans-acting factor for X-inactivation choice (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: In mammals, X-inactivation silences one of two female X chromosomes. Silencing depends on the noncoding gene, Xist (inactive X-specific transcript), and is blocked by the antisense gene, Tsix. Deleting the choice/imprinting center in Tsix affects X-chromosome selection. Here, we identify the insulator and transcription factor, CTCF, as a candidate trans-acting factor for X-chromosome selection. The choice/imprinting center contains tandem CTCF binding sites that function in an enhancer-blocking assay. In vitro binding is reduced by CpG methylation and abolished by including non-CpG methylation. We postulate that Tsix and CTCF together establish a regulatable epigenetic switch for X-inactivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chao, Wendy -- Huynh, Khanh D -- Spencer, Rebecca J -- Davidow, Lance S -- Lee, Jeannie T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):345-7. Epub 2001 Dec 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antisense Elements (Genetics) ; Binding Sites ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Silencing ; Genomic Imprinting ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; *Repressor Proteins ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; X Chromosome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Genome-wide distribution of ORC and MCM proteins in S. cerevisiae: high-resolution mapping of replication origins (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: DNA replication origins are fundamental to chromosome organization and duplication, but understanding of these elements is limited because only a small fraction of these sites have been identified in eukaryotic genomes. Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins form prereplicative complexes at origins of replication. Using these proteins as molecular landmarks for origins, we identified ORC- and MCM-bound sites throughout the yeast genome. Four hundred twenty-nine sites in the yeast genome were predicted to contain replication origins, and approximately 80% of the loci identified on chromosome X demonstrated origin function. A substantial fraction of the predicted origins are associated with repetitive DNA sequences, including subtelomeric elements (X and Y') and transposable element-associated sequences (long terminal repeats). These findings identify the global set of yeast replication origins and open avenues of investigation into the role(s) ORC and MCM proteins play in chromosomal architecture and dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyrick, J J -- Aparicio, J G -- Chen, T -- Barnett, J D -- Jennings, E G -- Young, R A -- Bell, S P -- Aparicio, O M -- GM34365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM52339/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2357-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Chromosomes, Fungal/metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; DNA, Intergenic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; *Genome, Fungal ; Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 4 ; Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7 ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Origin Recognition Complex ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/genetics/metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Replication Origin ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism ; Telomere/metabolism ; Terminal Repeat Sequences
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
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    Calcium signaling by HBx protein in hepatitis B virus DNA replication (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-18
    Description: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects more than 300 million people and is a leading cause of liver cancer and disease. The HBV HBx protein is essential for infection; HBx activation of Src is important for HBV DNA replication. In our study, HBx activated cytosolic calcium-dependent proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (Pyk2), a Src kinase activator. HBx activation of HBV DNA replication was blocked by inhibiting Pyk2 or calcium signaling mediated by mitochondrial calcium channels, which suggests that HBx targets mitochondrial calcium regulation. Reagents that increased cytosolic calcium substituted for HBx protein in HBV DNA replication. Thus, alteration of cytosolic calcium was a fundamental requirement for HBV replication and was mediated by HBx protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouchard, M J -- Wang, L H -- Schneider, R J -- F32CA-4476/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R0ICA-565633/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2376-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Cytosol/metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis ; Egtazic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 2 ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plasmids ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virus Replication ; src-Family Kinases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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