ALBERT

Description: The two species of Eragrostis naturalized in the Netherlands, formerly referred to as E. poaeoides and E. multicaulis, should be called E. minor and E. pilosa. Both appear to be naturalized on a larger scale than was indicated in the Atlas of the Netherlands Flora i. They have spread extensively in very recent years. E. minor is, apart from its occurrence in the province of Zeeland, principally a railway companion. E. pitosa is chiefly a plant of treaded sites, occurring in joints of pavements and incidentally on heavily compacted soil. In Zeeland however, E. minor appears to be more succesfull in this kind of habitat than E. pilosa. Originally, E. multicaulis was accepted as separate from E. pilosa. Because of the variation in the specimens of the type collection E. multicaulis has been lectotypified: Eragrostis multicaulis Steudel, Syn. PI. Gram, i (nov. 1854), p. 426 [syn. Glyceria airoides Steudel, I.e. (apr. 1854), p. 287, non (Koeler) Reichenb. 1829]. Lectotype: Burg, s.n., \'Poa suzumenokatabira\', in L (908.87-2116, upper specimen). Differences between E. multicaulis and E. pilosa are discussed. It is concluded that the same variation occurs in the Netherlands as is observed elsewhere, and that no features can be considered sharply differentiating between both supposed taxa. The opinion of Koch (1974) that both belong to the same taxon, viz. E. pilosa (L.) Beauv. var.pilosa, is subscribed to. Establishment of E.pilosa in the Netherlands has probably followed after introduction and cannot be interpreted as a natural shift of this species\' northern boundary from N. France to the Netherlands.

Description: Een nieuwe combinatie in Atriplex. Bij de bewerking van het geslacht Atriplex voor de 20e editie van Heukels\xe2\x80\x99 Flora van Nederland bleek het nodig te zijn om een nieuwe combinatie te maken. Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. var. longipes (Drejer) Meijden, comb. nov. (Atriplex longipes Drejer, Flora excursoria Hafniensis, 1838, p. 107).

Description: The present work comprises the first revision of all species of Xanthophyllum; 93 species (22 new) have been distinguished with 5 subspecies (1 new) and 2 varieties (both new). Seven subgenera are proposed (4 new) of which one has been divided into 2 sections and 2 subsections. Keys to all taxa have been included. In the General Part the (sub)generic and (sub)sectional characters are discussed separately in order to find arguments regarding the direction of the evolution of those characters in the \xe2\x80\x98Hennigian\xe2\x80\x99 way of reasoning. From this it has been concluded that the Polygalaceae are derived from the Malpighiaceae- Vochysiaceae-Trigoniaceae-complex and secondly that Xanthophyllum belongs to a derived tribe of the Polygalaceae (and not to a separate family Xanthophyllaceae). The lack of information on the genomes of the species appeared to be a serious problem in the reconstruction of the evolution within Xanthophyllum: one subgenus with \xe2\x80\x98gigas\xe2\x80\x99-characters may represent an old allopolyploid hybrid; it is suggested that hybridization may have been important in the evolution of the genus. Although only two species, endemic to N. Queensland, do not occur in Malesia-Southeast Asia, it is shown that Australia must have been the centre of origin of the genus. The fact that Wallace\xe2\x80\x99s Line is still respected by all species is regarded as an indication that West Malesia is a secondary centre of speciation.

Description: Gentianella campestris (L.) B\xc3\xb6rner opnieuw in Zuid-Limburg gevonden. Tijdens een van mijn vele wandelingen, die ik in het najaar pleeg te maken op de bij de floristen in Zuid-Limburg goed bekende Kunraderberg, gem. Voerendaal, ontdekte ik op 1 november 1980 twee kleine, bloeiende exemplaren van Gentianella campestris, de brede duingentiaan. Samen met G. germanica en G. ciliata komen er nu drie soorten gentiaan op de Kunraderberg voor, een voor Nederland unieke situatie.\nNa de wandeling heb ik direct contact opgenomen met de onlangs overleden dr. S.J. Dijkstra (Schaesberg) om hem van de vondst op de hoogte te stellen. Groot was mijn verbazing, toen ik van hem vernam dat ook hij enkele exemplaren van G. campestris op de Kunraderberg had waargenomen, echter niet op dezelfde plek waar ik de soort had gevonden. In het najaar van 1981 werden in totaal ca. 40 bloeiende planten aangetroffen.

Description: The sipunculan Aspidosiphon exiguus Edmonds, 1974, is recorded from Bonaire and Cura\xc3\xa7ao (Netherlands Antilles). It was first described from three localities in Cuba. Unlike most aspidosiphonids, the species seems to belong to the interstitial fauna of marine beaches and appears to be tolerant of considerable changes in salinity of its environment. A redescription of A. exiguus, based on the specimens from the Netherlands Antilles, is given.

Description: Area-species graphs for stygobiont Crustacea Malacostraca of seven islands in the southern Caribbean have been compared. It appears that the \xe2\x80\x9cconstants\xe2\x80\x9d C and z of these graphs are influenced by the geological time elapsed since the island\xe2\x80\x99s emergence. In older islands the values for C and z are higher than in younger islands. The values for z of younger and older islands are much higher (0.79-0.97) than usually obtained in literature for terrestrial animals (0.20-0.40). This may be explained by the very limited dispersal faculties of K-strategists, such as stygobiont Malacostraca.

Description: Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or verticillate, connected at the base by a stipular line or membrane. Flowers actinomorphic, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Sepals 4\xe2\x80\x9416. Petals 4\xe2\x80\x945 or many. Stamens as many as the petals or rarely only one, inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla. Ovary superior, 1\xe2\x80\x945- but usually 2-locular, 2\xe2\x80\x944-partite or with 2 stigmas. Fruit a bi-valved capsule or a berry. Seeds with nuclear endosperm. Embryo small, usually straight. Endosperm copious. About 800 species in 20 genera, in the warmer and temperate parts of the world.

Description: Trees or shrubs, with or without milky sap. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple, entire or rarely dentate, coriaceous. Stipules caducous or wanting. Inflorescence consisting usually of axillary clusters or flowers solitary. Flowers hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, bracteolate. Sepals 4\xe2\x80\x9412, biseriate or spirally arranged, imbricate, free or more or less connate at the base. Corolla with a minute or well-developed tube; lobes usually as many as the sepals, with or without dorsal or lateral lobes or appendages, usually imbricate. Stamens epipetalous, typically in 2 or 3 whorls, but usually only the inner whorl fertile; filaments free; anthers 2-celled, with longitudinal dehiscence. Staminodes present or wanting, variously shaped. Disk often present. Ovary superior, 4\xe2\x80\x945 (or 1\xe2\x80\x9414)-locular; style 1, often lobed at the apex. Ovules solitary in each loculus on an axile or almost basal or apical placenta, anatropous, with inferior micropyle. Fruit woody and indehiscent or a berry. Seeds various. Endosperm present or wanting. About 800 species in 40(\xe2\x80\x94125) genera in the tropics and partly also in the subtropics.

Description: Annual or perennial herbs, rarely woody plants. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, partly arranged in basal rosettes. Stipules wanting. Inflorescence consisting of racemes. Bracts usually wanting. Flowers hermaphrodite, actinomorphic. Sepals 4, deciduous or rarely persistent, the outer 2 median, the inner 2 lateral and often saccate at the base. Petals 4, cruciate, sometimes rudimentary or wanting, usually clawed. Stamens 6, tetradynamous (2 stamens of the outer series smaller than the 4 of the inner series); filaments sometimes winged or provided with scale-like appendages; anthers cordate or sagittate at the base, sometimes with elongate connective. Nectar glands attached to the receptacle near the bases of the filaments. Ovary superior, bi-locular by a false septum; style simple or rarely wanting; stigma discoid or more or less 2-lobed. Ovules numerous, anatropous or campylotropous, on 2 parietal placentas. Fruit a siliqua or silicle, usually 2-locular, bivalved or rarely indehiscent. Seeds attached to both sides of the septum. Embryo large, the cotyledons incumbent, accumbent or conduplicate. Endosperm wanting. About 3000 species in 350 genera, widely distributed, especially in the temperate and cold regions of the northern hemisphere.

Description: Perennial herbs, undershrubs or lianas, mostly with milky or watery juice. Leaves opposite or whorled, membranaceous, coriaceous or fleshy. Stipules wanting, very small or rudimentary. Flowers actinomorphic, usually 5-merous, rarely very large. Inflorescence consisting of extra-axillary or terminal panicles, racemes, umbels or cymes or flowers solitary. Calyx persistent, 5-lobed, the segments imbricate or separate in the bud, the tube short. Corolla sympetalous, shortly or deeply 5-fid, rotate, campanulate, infundibuliform, hypocrateriform or tubular; the segments commonly reflexed; aestivation imbricate, contorted or rarely valvate. Corona usually present, taking various forms and formed either wholly or partly by appendages to the corolla or the staminal filaments, distinct or joined to each other, membranaceous or fleshy, sometimes also joined to the corolla. Stamens 5, distinct or more usually connate around the gynaecium and adherent to the stigma; filaments short and broad and connate at their bases or throughout into a staminal column; anthers 2- or rarely 4-celled, attached by their bases to the filaments, usually united with each other and with the style to form a complex organ, the gynostemium. Pollen in tetrads, associated with 5 spoon-shaped translators, or the grains of each anther cell united in one or two waxy masses (pollinia), the latter attached by means of arm like processes (caudicles) to 5 small various shaped bodies, inserted on the style top and alternating with the anthers: the corpuscles or pollen carriers; a corpuscle and the caudicles of the adjacent anthers forming together the translator, an apparatus for the removal of the pollinia. Ovaries 2, superior; styles 2, free below but linked above by a single massive 5-lobed stigma. Ovules numerous, mostly anatropous, pendulous. Fruit a pair of follicles, or sometimes only one developing, deshiscing adaxially, the placenta becoming free as a replum. Seeds ovate, oblong or elliptic, compressed, usually appendaged by a long coma. Embryo nearly as long as the seed; cotyledons flat. Endosperm cartilaginous. About 250 genera and 2,000 species; cosmopolitan but chiefly in tropical and subtropical regions.