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  • Articles  (6,080)
  • 1980-1984  (6,080)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1982  (6,080)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (6,080)
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  • Articles  (6,080)
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  • 1980-1984  (6,080)
  • 1955-1959
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil persistence of selected sugar-beet herbicides and their combinations with lenacil (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Laboratory studies on the degradation of several sugar-beet herbicides both singly and in combination with lenacil were conducted in four soils. First-order kinetics were used to describe the breakdown rates of lenacil, benzthiazuron, carbetamide, propham and phenmedipham, and their combinations with lenacil. Mean half-lives of the herbicides ranged from 14 days for propham to 191 days for benzthiazuron. There were no significant differences between the herbicides applied singly or in combination.Persistance dans le sol de plusieurs herbicides de la betterave et leurs combinaisons avec le lenacilPour quatre types de sols, nous avons étudié, au laboratoire, la dégradation de plusieurs herbicides de la betterave appliqués seuls ou avec du lenacil. Des cinétiques de première ordre ont été utilisées pour calculer les taux de dégradation des herbicides suivants: lenacil, benzthiazuron, carbetamide, prophame, phenmediphame et de leurs combinaisons avec du lenacil. Les temps moyens de rémanence des herbicides se situaient entre 14 jours pour le prophame et 191 pour le benzthiazuron. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune difference significative entre les herbicides appliqués seuls et avec du lenacil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00169.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variabilité morphologique et enzymatique chez une population mixte d'Avena fatua L. et A. sterilis L. (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Dans une population de folles avoines de l'Italie centrale, l'observation des caractéres diagnostiques a permis de reconnaitre l'existence de deux espéces, Avena fatua et Avena sterils, cette dernière représentée par deux sous espèces: A. Iludoviciana et A. macrocarpa. Ces différentes entités sont présentes dans des proportions trés différentes. De plus, il existe des individus difficiles à classifier. l'étude de caractères biochimiques: electrophorèse d'enzymes foliaires (estérases, peroxydases, GOT) et le traitement de ces données par une analyse factorielle des correspondances ont montré l'existence des mèmes groupes; cependant A. fatua est plus proche de A. ludoviciana que celle-ci de A. macrocarpa. Entin les individus particuliers semblent, par leur position intermédiaire, descendre d'hybrides naturels entre les deux espèces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00172.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A useful publication by the EWRS Education Committee (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00176.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. during secondary succession after slash and burn agriculture (jhum) in north eastern India (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. is an important weedy colonizer in early successional communities developing after slash and burn agriculture (jhum) at higher elevations of the north-eastern hill regions of India. The relative performance of this species in terms of fecundity and survivorship in successional plant communities has been worked out. A net population increase occurred through both vegetative and sexual reproduction in early successional fallows up to 6 years old, the increase being greatest in a 6-year fallow. Mortality of seedlings was high in 1- and 3-year fallows, low in a 6-year fallow but reached 100% in older fallows. Seedling mortality was maximal during the monsoon although some seedlings also died during winter as a result of drought and frost. Mortality of vegetative sprouts followed a similar pattern to that of seedlings. The reproductive potential was reduced with increasing age of the successional communities and in a 15-year fallow all individuals were non-reproductive. Since E. adenophorum is able to succeed only in fallows of less than 6 years, repeated short jhum cycles of 4–5 years have had the effect of arresting succession al the weedy stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00146.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of problem weeds of maize on the Transvaal Highveld (South Africa). II. Datura stramonium L. (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: As was described in a previous publication, the influence of a number og herbicides and herbicide mixtures which are being used for the post-emergence control of weeds in maize on the Transvaal Highveld, have been tested for their efficiency in the control of problem weeds. Both the percentage mortality and percentage dry mass difference between the test plants and the controls 10 days after application of the respective herbicides were used as bioassay methods. Datura stramonium L. was very susceptible to most of the herbicidal treatments up to the nine-leaf stage. The reason why it is considered a problem weed should perhaps be sought in the erratic germination of its seeds over a number of years, thus evading common practices of weed control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00150.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ potential for rehabilitation of sites dominated by blackberry (Rubus polyanthemos Lindeb.) (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Soil samples were taken along transects cut through thickets of Rubus polyanthemos at three sites, the seeds were extracted by flotation, and the viability of filled seeds of R. polyanthemos determined by staining with tetrazolium chloride. Exotic annual species were the dominant component of the soil flora at two sites formerly undercultivation and a change in seed bank composition, both in number of individuals and numberof species, was evident from the exterior to the interior of the thickets. This was not observed in a relatively undisturbed native community. The apparent absence of suitable replacement species in the seed bank at all three sites means that they must be introduced if the sites are to be rehabilitated after the thickets are removed. Viable seeds of R. polyanthemos were present in relatively low numbers (mean 179 m−2:), so that loss of viability appears to be fairly rapid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00135.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical weed control in rainfed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in the Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a field trial in 1978 at Mokwa, southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria, metolachlor at 1.5 and 3.0, prometryne at 2.0 and norflurazon and diuron at 1.6 kg/ha combined good weed control with high grain yield of cowpeas. The grain yields with these herbicides were comparable to those of the hoe-weeded and significantly higher than the weedy controls. In 1979, under wetter conditions, crop injury was observed with prometryne and linuron at 2.0 kg/ha. However, the grain yields obtained with alachlor, metolachlor, chloramben, pendimethalin and norflurazon and their mixtures with prometryne, linuron, diuron or metobromuron were comparable to that of the hoe-weeded treatment. In 1979 at Samaru, northern Guinea savanna, pendimethalin at 1.5, metolachlor at 3.0 and chlorbromuron and linuron at 1.0 kg/ha gave selective weed control. Prometryne at 2.0 kg/ha was the only herbicide that gave a significantly lower broad-leaved weed weight than the weedy check but it reduced the crop stand. At 1.0 kg/ha it was tolerated by the crop but failed to control grasses. Metolachlor at 1.5 kg/ha had a significantly higher broad-leaved weed weight than the weedy check. All theherbicides, except pendimethalin at 3.0 kg/ha, controlled the annual sedges at Samaru.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00138.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of salt stress on the structure and carbon flow mechanism in a noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Effect of salt stress on structural changes, ion uptake, rate of photosynthesis and path of carbon in the exotic weed Parthenium hysterophorus have been investigated. Photosynthetic leaf area, chlorophyll and carbon assimilation rates were adversely affected by salt stress. Increased Na+ uptake caused decrease in K+ and Ca2+ absorption. Originally a C3 plant, P. hysterophorus appears to form aspartate as a primary product of photosynthesis when exposed to NaCl. The stimulation of PEP carboxylase activity also occurred due to salt stress. Excessive accumulation of malate during steady state of photosynthesis was possibly due to inhibition of malic enzyme. It appears that although the plant switches over to an ‘aspartate producer’ when exposed to salt, further utilization of photosynthetically assimilated carbon is through malate. Being a weed, the plant appears to be highly adaptive to stress conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00143.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of EPTC, fluorodifen and monuron on transpiration and photosynthetic oxygen output in Eupatorium odoratum plants (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The influence of foliar sprays of EPTC, fluorodifen and monuron on transpiration and photosynthetic oxygen output of Eupatorium odoratum plants is demonstrated. Foliar sprays with 100 ppm EPTC or monuron led to a significant decrease in transpiration for a continuous period of 14 days. Treatment with 100 ppm fluorodifen led to a noticeable increase in transpiration during the first eight days. All three herbicides significantly reduced photosynthetic oxygen output from the Eupaiorium plants. EPTC and monuron however, gave greatest effect. Reduction in transpiration from the plants was due to stomatal closure while reduction in photosynthetic oxygen output was due to both stomatal closure and probably also inhibition of the Hill reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00507.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of waxes in the uptake of metolachlor into sorghum in relation to the protectant CGA 43089 (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 22 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The grass weed herbicide metolachlor (2-chloro-N-[2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl]-N-[2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]acetamide) which is especially effective against wild millets, inhibits the formation of epicuticular waxes on sorghum leaves. The metolachlor protectant CGA 43089 [α - (cyanomethoximino) - benzacetonitrile] prevents the depletion of the waxes on the leaves of metolachlor-treated sorghum plants, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. This alteration of the plant surface polymers also changes their permeability to the herbicide. 14C-metolachlor uptake into isolated coleoptiles and first leaves of sorghum which had been pretreated with the herbicide was increased. Incubation with added protectant reduced the uptake of 14C-metolachlor. It is postulated that the modifications caused by metolachlor and its protectant to sorghum surface structures influence the action of the herbicide in two ways:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1The selectivity observed against sorghum and millet grasses could occur because of an increased uptake of metolachlor through cuticles which are particularly sensitive to the structural changes caused by the herbicide, since the composition of the plant waxes is very species-specific.2The loss of cuticular integrity is prevented by the protectant CGA 43089, which greatly reduces penetration of metolachlor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1982.tb00506.x
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