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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (313)
  • 2025-2025
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (313)
  • 1975  (313)
  • 1
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    Analytical and test equipment: A compilation (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A compilation is presented of innovations in testing and measuring technology for both the laboratory and industry. Topics discussed include spectrometers, radiometers, and descriptions of analytical and test equipment in several areas including thermodynamics, fluid flow, electronics, and materials testing.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-SP-5972(03)
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Applications of Microwaves to Remote Sensing of Terrain (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: A survey and study was conducted to define the role that microwaves may play in the measurement of a variety of terrain-related parameters. The survey consisted of discussions with many users and researchers in the field of remote sensing. In addition, a survey questionnaire was prepared and replies were solicited from these and other users and researchers. The results of the survey, and associated bibliography, were studied and conclusions were drawn as to the usefulness of radiometric systems for remote sensing of terrain.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-2581
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    A fast sampling device for the mass spectrometric analysis of liquid rocket engine exhaust (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The design of a device to obtain compositional data on rocket exhaust by direct sampling of reactive flow exhausts into a mass spectrometer is presented. Sampling at three stages differing in pressure and orifice angle and diameter is possible. Results of calibration with pure gases and gas mixtures are erratic and of unknown accuracy for H2, limiting the usefulness of the apparatus for determining oxidizer/fuel ratios from combustion product analysis. Deposition effects are discussed, and data obtained from rocket exhaust spectra are analyzed to give O/F ratios and mixture ratio distribution. The O/F ratio determined spectrometrically is insufficiently accurate for quantitative comparison with cold flow data. However, a criterion for operating conditions with improved mixing of fuel and oxidizer which is consistent with cold flow results may be obtained by inspection of contour plots. A chemical inefficiency in the combustion process when oxidizer is in excess is observed from reactive flow measurements. Present results were obtained with N2O4/N2H4 propellants.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-1270
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Earth observation from geostationary orbit (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The paper describes a number of satellite-borne infrared spin-scan sensors and discusses the operational requirements for which they were designed. The sensors considered are the spin scan cloud cameras of ATS 1 and 3, the SMS/GOES visible-infrared spin-scan radiometer, and the VISSR atmospheric sounder.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Modern utilization of infrared technology: Civilian and military; August 19, 20, 1975; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Instrumentation for measurements of solar irradiance and atmospheric optical properties (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Active Cavity Radiometer (ACR), an accurate absolute pyrheliometer, has been developed for measurements of total solar irradiance. It has been used to discover a -2.2% error in the International Pyrheliometric Scale and to make measurements in balloon flight experiments yielding a solar constant value of 136.6 (+ or - 0.7) mW/sq cm. New ACRs are being developed to monitor the total output of solar optical radiation in balloon, satellite and space shuttle experiments with long-term absolute uncertainty of + or - 0.1% or less. In a separate program, instrumentation for the measurement of the scattering and extinction of solar radiation by the atmosphere is being constructed to provide data for modeling atmospheric aerosol content. The aerosol models will facilitate computation of radiative transfer effects yielding quantitative net fluxes useful in evaluating the climatological impact of aerosols.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optics in solar energy utilization; August 21, 22, 1975; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Image recording requirements for earth observation applications in the next decade (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Future requirements for satellite-borne image recording systems are examined from the standpoints of system performance, system operation, product type, and product quality. Emphasis is on total system design while keeping in mind that the image recorder or scanner is the most crucial element which will affect the end product quality more than any other element within the system. Consideration of total system design and implementation for sustained operational usage must encompass the requirements for flexibility of input data and recording speed, pixel density, aspect ratio, and format size. To produce this type of system requires solution of challenging problems in interfacing the data source with the recorder, maintaining synchronization between the data source and the recorder, and maintaining a consistent level of quality. Film products of better quality than is currently achieved in a routine manner are needed. A 0.1 pixel geometric accuracy and 0.0001 d.u. radiometric accuracy on standard (240 mm) size format should be accepted as a goal to be reached in the near future.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Laser recording and information handling technology; August 21, 22, 1974; San Diego, CA
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  • 7
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    Measurement of flow fields in a large transonic wind tunnel using a laser velocimeter (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: An investigation to determine the feasibility of using a laser velocimeter for measuring the mean flow velocities about airplane models in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel has recently been completed. The laser velocimeter was a two-component fringe-type used in the back scatter mode. The tunnel airflow was seeded with oil droplets to provide scattering sources for the laser velocimeter. Measurements of the tunnel free-stream velocity were in good agreement with the tunnel calibration, and measurements of the velocity along the stagnating streamline of a hemisphere model, when adjusted for particle lag, were in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The study showed that the laser, optics, and electronics system operated satisfactorily, but that further development is required to reduce scattering particle size and substance accumulation in the tunnel.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-1425 , General Aviation Technologyfest; Nov. 13, 14, 1975; Wichita, Kan.
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    An earth and ocean SAR for Space Shuttle - User requirements and data handling implications (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A brief summary is presented of user requirements for the Shuttle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to be flown on a sortie mission of 7 to 10 days in duration, based on information collected from survey of the literature and direct user contacts. This information suggests selection of a dual frequency (L and X band) dual polarization SAR capable of meeting most user requirements. Particular attention is given to the SAR system specifications and the data handling capability expected to be available during the 1980s for the tracking and data relay satellite system (TDRSS). The data link requirements of the majority of Shuttle experiments will eventually determine whether the necessary high-capacity Shuttle-TDRSS return link will be part of the intrinsic Shuttle capability or will be part of the SAR payload.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: National Telecommunications Conference; Dec 01, 1975 - Dec 03, 1975; New Orleans, LA
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    The evolution of the SEASAT imaging radar (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper describes the design parameters and development of a synthetic aperture radar for use on the SEASAT spacecraft. This imaging radar is designed to operate at altitudes of 800 km with an orbital inclination of 108 deg, a nominal resolution of 25 m, and a swath width of 100 km. The design evolved from planetary imaging radar studies conducted over many years where an L-band imaging radar was developed and tested on aircraft flights as a prototype system to map the surface of Venus. A solid-state transmitter is used where the pulse repetition frequency is a function of altitude and will be about 2kHz for a 12-m long antenna. The receiver consists of the receiver protector, input filters, the gain control, and the RF amplifier. The ground station uses the standard NASA receiver with a 10-m antenna. The correlator, either optical or digital, must be able to compensate for the pitch and yaw variations of the spacecraft as well as the inherent effective yaw caused by the rotation of the earth, and extract the range curvature and range walk effects.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: National Telecommunications Conference; Dec 01, 1975 - Dec 03, 1975; New Orleans, LA
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    A coherent light scanner for optical processing of large format transparencies (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A laser scanner is discussed in which the scanning beam is random-access addressable and perpendicular to the image input plane and the irradiance of the scanned beam is controlled so that a constant average irradiance is maintained after passage through the image plane. The scanner's optical system and design are described, and its performance is evaluated. It is noted that with this scanner, data in the form of large-format transparencies can be processed without the expense, space, maintenance, and precautions attendant to the operation of a high-power laser with large-aperture collimating optics. It is shown that the scanned format as well as the diameter of the scanning beam may be increased by simple design modifications and that higher scan rates can be achieved at the expense of resolution by employing acousto-optic deflectors with different relay optics.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Electro-optical Systems Design Conference and International Laser Exposition; Nov 11, 1975 - Nov 13, 1975; Anaheim, CA
    Format: text
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