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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (532)
  • 2025-2025
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (532)
  • 1977  (219)
  • 1975  (313)
  • 1
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A compilation is presented of innovations in testing and measuring technology for both the laboratory and industry. Topics discussed include spectrometers, radiometers, and descriptions of analytical and test equipment in several areas including thermodynamics, fluid flow, electronics, and materials testing.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-SP-5972(03)
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-NEWS-RELEASE-77-238 , P77-10237
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: A survey and study was conducted to define the role that microwaves may play in the measurement of a variety of terrain-related parameters. The survey consisted of discussions with many users and researchers in the field of remote sensing. In addition, a survey questionnaire was prepared and replies were solicited from these and other users and researchers. The results of the survey, and associated bibliography, were studied and conclusions were drawn as to the usefulness of radiometric systems for remote sensing of terrain.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-2581
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The design of a device to obtain compositional data on rocket exhaust by direct sampling of reactive flow exhausts into a mass spectrometer is presented. Sampling at three stages differing in pressure and orifice angle and diameter is possible. Results of calibration with pure gases and gas mixtures are erratic and of unknown accuracy for H2, limiting the usefulness of the apparatus for determining oxidizer/fuel ratios from combustion product analysis. Deposition effects are discussed, and data obtained from rocket exhaust spectra are analyzed to give O/F ratios and mixture ratio distribution. The O/F ratio determined spectrometrically is insufficiently accurate for quantitative comparison with cold flow data. However, a criterion for operating conditions with improved mixing of fuel and oxidizer which is consistent with cold flow results may be obtained by inspection of contour plots. A chemical inefficiency in the combustion process when oxidizer is in excess is observed from reactive flow measurements. Present results were obtained with N2O4/N2H4 propellants.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-1270
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The paper describes a number of satellite-borne infrared spin-scan sensors and discusses the operational requirements for which they were designed. The sensors considered are the spin scan cloud cameras of ATS 1 and 3, the SMS/GOES visible-infrared spin-scan radiometer, and the VISSR atmospheric sounder.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Modern utilization of infrared technology: Civilian and military; August 19, 20, 1975; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Active Cavity Radiometer (ACR), an accurate absolute pyrheliometer, has been developed for measurements of total solar irradiance. It has been used to discover a -2.2% error in the International Pyrheliometric Scale and to make measurements in balloon flight experiments yielding a solar constant value of 136.6 (+ or - 0.7) mW/sq cm. New ACRs are being developed to monitor the total output of solar optical radiation in balloon, satellite and space shuttle experiments with long-term absolute uncertainty of + or - 0.1% or less. In a separate program, instrumentation for the measurement of the scattering and extinction of solar radiation by the atmosphere is being constructed to provide data for modeling atmospheric aerosol content. The aerosol models will facilitate computation of radiative transfer effects yielding quantitative net fluxes useful in evaluating the climatological impact of aerosols.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optics in solar energy utilization; August 21, 22, 1975; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Future requirements for satellite-borne image recording systems are examined from the standpoints of system performance, system operation, product type, and product quality. Emphasis is on total system design while keeping in mind that the image recorder or scanner is the most crucial element which will affect the end product quality more than any other element within the system. Consideration of total system design and implementation for sustained operational usage must encompass the requirements for flexibility of input data and recording speed, pixel density, aspect ratio, and format size. To produce this type of system requires solution of challenging problems in interfacing the data source with the recorder, maintaining synchronization between the data source and the recorder, and maintaining a consistent level of quality. Film products of better quality than is currently achieved in a routine manner are needed. A 0.1 pixel geometric accuracy and 0.0001 d.u. radiometric accuracy on standard (240 mm) size format should be accepted as a goal to be reached in the near future.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Laser recording and information handling technology; August 21, 22, 1974; San Diego, CA
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: An investigation to determine the feasibility of using a laser velocimeter for measuring the mean flow velocities about airplane models in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel has recently been completed. The laser velocimeter was a two-component fringe-type used in the back scatter mode. The tunnel airflow was seeded with oil droplets to provide scattering sources for the laser velocimeter. Measurements of the tunnel free-stream velocity were in good agreement with the tunnel calibration, and measurements of the velocity along the stagnating streamline of a hemisphere model, when adjusted for particle lag, were in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The study showed that the laser, optics, and electronics system operated satisfactorily, but that further development is required to reduce scattering particle size and substance accumulation in the tunnel.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-1425 , General Aviation Technologyfest; Nov. 13, 14, 1975; Wichita, Kan.
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Two visible infrared spin scan radiometer (VISSR) instruments provided for the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite B and C (GOES B and C) spacecrafts are described. The instruments are identical to those supplied previously are summarized. A significant number of changes primarily involving corrections of drawing errors and omissions were also performed. All electrical changes were breadboarded (where complexity required this), were incorporated into the test module, and subjected to verification of proper operation throughout fall instrument temperature range. Evaluation of the changes also included design operating safety margins to account for component variations and life.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-170434 , NAS 1.26:170434
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Current knowledge concerning the earth's gravity field is limited to about 1500-2000 km resolution. However, the resolution of gravity anomalies having a spatial extent of 100-1000 km over the entire globe is needed for important geophysical and geodetic applications. In the near future satellite altimetry will be used to determine the ocean geoid at the 10 cm - 1 m level. In order to provide a similar level of resolutions over the land regions, there exists a need for utilizing new promising techniques such as gravity gradiometry and new radiometric measurements, viz., satellite-to-satellite tracking. Satellite-to-satellite tracking techniques have shown potential for improving the medium wavelength component of the gravity field. The gravity gradiometer has not yet been tested on board a satellite. The reported analysis includes a simplified theoretical model to compare the effectiveness of the gradiometer measurements and radiometric measurements for high resolution gravity field determination, and the direct estimation of local gravity anomalies represented by point masses using a simulated gravity gradiometer and satellite-to-satellite tracking data.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: International Symposium on Space Technology and Science; May 16, 1977 - May 20, 1977; Tokyo; Japan
    Format: text
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