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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (562)
  • 2025-2025
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (562)
  • 1976  (249)
  • 1975  (313)
  • 1
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    NASA's present and future sensor technology developments (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: NASA's overall sensing, data acquisition, and instrumentation programs are reviewed. The review shows that the trends in advanced sensor technology involve increased use of solid-state sensors, multiapplication sensors, standardized instrumentation, and miniaturized detectors. Examples are given of several new technologies, showing how improvements in sensor operational capability (such as enhanced sensitivity and spectral range) derived from these advances have resulted in relaxed spacecraft stability requirements, mission time savings, and savings in weight, size, and power. The introduction of multiapplication sensors and standardized instrumentation will result in measurement cost reduction and improved compatibility with standardized spacecraft.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 76-977 , Systems Design Driven by Sensors; Oct 18, 1976 - Oct 20, 1976; Pasadena, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Analytical and test equipment: A compilation (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A compilation is presented of innovations in testing and measuring technology for both the laboratory and industry. Topics discussed include spectrometers, radiometers, and descriptions of analytical and test equipment in several areas including thermodynamics, fluid flow, electronics, and materials testing.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-SP-5972(03)
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Space Photography 1977 Index (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: An index is provided to representative photographs and transparencies available from NASA. Subjects include spacecraft, astronauts, lunar surface, planets and outer space phenomena, earth observations, and aviation. High altitude aircraft infrared photographs are included along with artists' conceptions of space shuttle and space colonies.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-X-74628
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Hygroscopic Properties of Magnetic Recording Tape (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Relative humidity has been recognized as an important environmental factor in many head-tape interface phenomena such as headwear, friction, staining, and tape shed. Accordingly, the relative humidity is usually specified in many applications of tape use, especially when tape recorders are enclosed in hermetically sealed cases. Normally, the relative humidity is believed regulated by humidification of the fill gas to the specification relative humidity. This study demonstrates that the internal relative humidity in a sealed case is completely controlled by the time-dpendence of the hygroscopic properties of the pack of magnetic recording tape. Differences are found in the hygroscopic properties of the same brand of tape, which apparently result from aging, and which may have an effect on the long-term humidity-regulating behavior in a sealed case, and on the occurrence of head-tape interface phenomena from the long-term use of the tape. Results are presented on the basic hygroscopic properties of magnetic tape, its humidity-regulating behavior in a sealed case, and a theoretical commentary on the relative humidity dependence of head-wear by tape, is included.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics; MAG-12; 126-135
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Applications of Microwaves to Remote Sensing of Terrain (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: A survey and study was conducted to define the role that microwaves may play in the measurement of a variety of terrain-related parameters. The survey consisted of discussions with many users and researchers in the field of remote sensing. In addition, a survey questionnaire was prepared and replies were solicited from these and other users and researchers. The results of the survey, and associated bibliography, were studied and conclusions were drawn as to the usefulness of radiometric systems for remote sensing of terrain.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-2581
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    A fast sampling device for the mass spectrometric analysis of liquid rocket engine exhaust (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The design of a device to obtain compositional data on rocket exhaust by direct sampling of reactive flow exhausts into a mass spectrometer is presented. Sampling at three stages differing in pressure and orifice angle and diameter is possible. Results of calibration with pure gases and gas mixtures are erratic and of unknown accuracy for H2, limiting the usefulness of the apparatus for determining oxidizer/fuel ratios from combustion product analysis. Deposition effects are discussed, and data obtained from rocket exhaust spectra are analyzed to give O/F ratios and mixture ratio distribution. The O/F ratio determined spectrometrically is insufficiently accurate for quantitative comparison with cold flow data. However, a criterion for operating conditions with improved mixing of fuel and oxidizer which is consistent with cold flow results may be obtained by inspection of contour plots. A chemical inefficiency in the combustion process when oxidizer is in excess is observed from reactive flow measurements. Present results were obtained with N2O4/N2H4 propellants.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-1270
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Earth observation from geostationary orbit (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The paper describes a number of satellite-borne infrared spin-scan sensors and discusses the operational requirements for which they were designed. The sensors considered are the spin scan cloud cameras of ATS 1 and 3, the SMS/GOES visible-infrared spin-scan radiometer, and the VISSR atmospheric sounder.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Modern utilization of infrared technology: Civilian and military; August 19, 20, 1975; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Instrumentation for measurements of solar irradiance and atmospheric optical properties (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Active Cavity Radiometer (ACR), an accurate absolute pyrheliometer, has been developed for measurements of total solar irradiance. It has been used to discover a -2.2% error in the International Pyrheliometric Scale and to make measurements in balloon flight experiments yielding a solar constant value of 136.6 (+ or - 0.7) mW/sq cm. New ACRs are being developed to monitor the total output of solar optical radiation in balloon, satellite and space shuttle experiments with long-term absolute uncertainty of + or - 0.1% or less. In a separate program, instrumentation for the measurement of the scattering and extinction of solar radiation by the atmosphere is being constructed to provide data for modeling atmospheric aerosol content. The aerosol models will facilitate computation of radiative transfer effects yielding quantitative net fluxes useful in evaluating the climatological impact of aerosols.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Optics in solar energy utilization; August 21, 22, 1975; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Image recording requirements for earth observation applications in the next decade (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Future requirements for satellite-borne image recording systems are examined from the standpoints of system performance, system operation, product type, and product quality. Emphasis is on total system design while keeping in mind that the image recorder or scanner is the most crucial element which will affect the end product quality more than any other element within the system. Consideration of total system design and implementation for sustained operational usage must encompass the requirements for flexibility of input data and recording speed, pixel density, aspect ratio, and format size. To produce this type of system requires solution of challenging problems in interfacing the data source with the recorder, maintaining synchronization between the data source and the recorder, and maintaining a consistent level of quality. Film products of better quality than is currently achieved in a routine manner are needed. A 0.1 pixel geometric accuracy and 0.0001 d.u. radiometric accuracy on standard (240 mm) size format should be accepted as a goal to be reached in the near future.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Laser recording and information handling technology; August 21, 22, 1974; San Diego, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Measurement of flow fields in a large transonic wind tunnel using a laser velocimeter (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: An investigation to determine the feasibility of using a laser velocimeter for measuring the mean flow velocities about airplane models in the Langley 16-foot transonic tunnel has recently been completed. The laser velocimeter was a two-component fringe-type used in the back scatter mode. The tunnel airflow was seeded with oil droplets to provide scattering sources for the laser velocimeter. Measurements of the tunnel free-stream velocity were in good agreement with the tunnel calibration, and measurements of the velocity along the stagnating streamline of a hemisphere model, when adjusted for particle lag, were in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The study showed that the laser, optics, and electronics system operated satisfactorily, but that further development is required to reduce scattering particle size and substance accumulation in the tunnel.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 75-1425 , General Aviation Technologyfest; Nov. 13, 14, 1975; Wichita, Kan.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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