ALBERT

Description: We here report measured densities from a combination of records from the EastGRIP ice-core site. The data come from a trench and two ice cores: the shallow EGRIP-S6 core and the deep main core of the project. Based on these data, we parametrize the density as a function of depth, allowing us to provide a standard transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth which is consistent with the EGRIP density measurements. EGRIP density data are only available to 117 m depth, at which depth the density is about 900 kg/m^3 and the difference between true depth and ice-equivalent depth is about 22 m. The density and overburden profiles have been extended below this depth and all the way to 1200 m in order to provide a convenient, continuous and (mostly) smooth transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth. See PDF file provided under 'Documentation' for full description of data and parametrization.

Description: A key goal of the AL544 cruise in September 2020 in the Baltic Sea was to enhance our understanding of environmental and zooplankton (especially gelatinous) population fluctuations along an east-west transect. Vertically integrated mesozooplankton abundance and diversity was obtained from plankton net hauls followed by image analysis. Samples were collected using a Hydrobios standard WP2 net (200µm) vertical from bottom to surface. Samples were scanned using an Epson V750 Pro flatbed scanner at 2400dpi, scanned as one size fraction, split sometimes multiple times. Processed using ZooProcess. Image data are available on https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/5189 and were sorted into taxonomic categories (examples in AL544_mesozoo_examples.zip). Using the export file (.tsv) individual biomass was calculated based on object area and taxonomic identity according to Lehette and Hernandez-Leon (2009). Abundance and biomass are then aggregated to concentrations (per volume).

Description: Imagery transects with a camera attached to a frame design for taking pictures in a 50 x 50 cm area. Seabed images transects were carried out by scientific divers during the Heincke HE601 cruise focusing on developing and testing monitoring techniques at the Borkum Reef Ground and Sylt Outer Reef Marine Protected Areas. The camera used was a Canon EOS M6 camera, the pictures were taken perpendicularly to the seabed. The transects were done along a preset track across the reefs, number of pictures per transect varied based on diving time. The seabed images provide insights into the general composition of key species, higher systematic groups and ecological guilds. The images also contain valuable information on how benthic species are associated to each other. Transect files include individual images, whereas metadata of each image including diving depth, date/time, if the image was further analyzed, corresponding diver is found in a separate file. Geographical coordinates of individual images is unavailable.

Description: We here report measured densities from a combination of records from the EastGRIP ice-core site. The data come from a trench and two ice cores: the shallow EGRIP-S6 core and the deep main core of the project. Based on these data, we parametrize the density as a function of depth, allowing us to provide a standard transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth which is consistent with the EGRIP density measurements. EGRIP density data are only available to 117 m depth, at which depth the density is about 900 kg/m^3 and the difference between true depth and ice-equivalent depth is about 22 m. The density and overburden profiles have been extended below this depth and all the way to 1200 m in order to provide a convenient, continuous and (mostly) smooth transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth. See PDF file provided under 'Documentation' for full description of data and parametrization.

Description: We here report measured densities from a combination of records from the EastGRIP ice-core site. The data come from a trench and two ice cores: the shallow EGRIP-S6 core and the deep main core of the project. Based on these data, we parametrize the density as a function of depth, allowing us to provide a standard transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth which is consistent with the EGRIP density measurements. EGRIP density data are only available to 117 m depth, at which depth the density is about 900 kg/m^3 and the difference between true depth and ice-equivalent depth is about 22 m. The density and overburden profiles have been extended below this depth and all the way to 1200 m in order to provide a convenient, continuous and (mostly) smooth transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth. See PDF file provided under 'Documentation' for full description of data and parametrization.

Description: We here report measured densities from a combination of records from the EastGRIP ice-core site. The data come from a trench and two ice cores: the shallow EGRIP-S6 core and the deep main core of the project. Based on these data, we parametrize the density as a function of depth, allowing us to provide a standard transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth which is consistent with the EGRIP density measurements. EGRIP density data are only available to 117 m depth, at which depth the density is about 900 kg/m^3 and the difference between true depth and ice-equivalent depth is about 22 m. The density and overburden profiles have been extended below this depth and all the way to 1200 m in order to provide a convenient, continuous and (mostly) smooth transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth. See PDF file provided under 'Documentation' for full description of data and parametrization.

Description: We here report measured densities from a combination of records from the EastGRIP ice-core site. The data come from a trench and two ice cores: the shallow EGRIP-S6 core and the deep main core of the project. Based on these data, we parametrize the density as a function of depth, allowing us to provide a standard transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth which is consistent with the EGRIP density measurements. EGRIP density data are only available to 117 m depth, at which depth the density is about 900 kg/m^3 and the difference between true depth and ice-equivalent depth is about 22 m. The density and overburden profiles have been extended below this depth and all the way to 1200 m in order to provide a convenient, continuous and (mostly) smooth transfer function between true depth and ice-equivalent depth. See PDF file provided under 'Documentation' for full description of data and parametrization.

Description: Core MD95-2042 alkenone and GDGT data: This dataset provides the following information for core MD95-2042: depth, age, summed OH-GDGT, iGDGT, and di-unsaturated and tri-unsaturated C37 alkenone concentrations, OH-GDGT-based, iGDGT-based, and alkenone-based paleothermometric indices, GDGT-2/GDGT-3 ratio, and biomarker-based sea surface temperature (SST) and 0‐ to 200‐m sea temperature (subT; gamma function probability distribution for target temperatures with a = 4.5 and b = 15) estimates. Sediment samples were taken every 5 cm from core MD95-2042 and homogenized before lipid extraction. The lipid extracts were splitted into two fractions: one for alkenone analysis by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector, and the other for GDGT analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. All GDGT analyses were done in duplicate. The 1σ analytical uncertainties from 37 replicate analyses of the core catcher sample from core MD95-2042 are 0.007 (0.4 °C) for RI-OH, 0.008 (0.2 °C) for RI-OH′, 0.003 (0.2 °C) for TEX86, 0.238 for GDGT-2/GDGT-3, and 0.010 (0.26 °C) for UK′37. RI-OH′-SST estimates are from the following global calibration: SST = (RI-OH′ + 0.029)/0.0422 (Fietz et al., 2020). RI-OH-SST estimates are from the following global calibration: SST = (RI-OH − 1.11)/0.018 (Lü et al., 2015). TEX86H-SST estimates are from the following regional paleocalibration: SST = 68.4 × TEX86H + 33.0 (Darfeuil et al., 2016). UK′37-SST estimates are from the following global calibration: SST = 29.876 × UK′37 − 1.334 (Conte et al., 2006). Bayesian calibrations were also used for TEX86-SST and TEX86-subT estimates (BAYSPAR; Tierney & Tingley, 2014, 2015) and for UK′37-SST estimates (BAYSPLINE; Tierney & Tingley, 2018). Alkenone data covering the 160–70 and 70–0 ka BP periods are from Davtian et al. (2021) and Darfeuil et al. (2016), respectively. GDGT data covering the 160–45 ka BP period are from Davtian et al. (2021). The age model of core MD95-2042 for the 160–43 and 43–0 ka BP periods was obtained by tuning to Chinese speleothems (Cheng et al., 2016) and by recalibrating existing 14C ages with the Marine20 calibration curve (Heaton et al., 2020), respectively. MIS, Marine Isotope Stage; GDGT, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; and N/A, not available. Greenland atmospheric temperature record: This dataset consists in a composite Greenland atmospheric temperature record, which was built with the following records: the GISP2 atmospheric temperature record by Kobashi et al. (2017) for the 10–0 ka BP period, the NGRIP atmospheric temperature record by Kindler et al. (2014) for the 120–10 ka BP period, and the NEEM atmospheric temperature record by NEEM community members (2013) for the 129–120 ka BP period. The NEEM temperature anomalies obtained by NEEM community members (2013) were shifted by –31 °C to obtain absolute air temperatures. The employed age model is the one of Davtian and Bard (2023) for Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. Antarctic δ18Oice and atmospheric temperature stacks: This dataset consists in two stacks of three Antarctic records (EDC, EDML, and WD), one for δ18Oice and the other for atmospheric temperature: both stacks are provided with their stacking uncertainties. To build the Antarctic δ18Oice stack, the Antarctic δ18Oice records were resampled every 10 years before centering to zero means and normalization to unit standard deviations over the 140–0 ka BP period (68–0 ka BP for WD). To optimize the continuity between the portions with and without the WD ice core, the Antarctic δ18Oice records were centered to zero means over the 68–67 ka BP period. The resulting Antarctic δ18Oice records were then averaged and stacking uncertainties were calculated as the pooled standard deviation of the stacked Antarctic δ18Oice records divided by the square root of the number of stacked Antarctic δ18Oice records. The final Antarctic δ18Oice stack, expressed in ‰, has the same standard deviation as the δ18Oice record from EDML over the 140–0 ka BP period, and has a zero mean over the 1–0 ka BP. The Antarctic atmospheric temperature stack was built like the Antarctic δ18Oice stack, except that the Antarctic δ18Oice records were corrected for seawater δ18Oice variations before conversion into atmospheric temperature. The employed age model is the one of Davtian and Bard (2023) for Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records.

Description: Water column raw data using the ship's own Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder was recorded on 20 days between 2019-08-06 and 2019-09-03 RV SONNE cruise SO269 in the South China Sea. The data are archived at the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency of Germany (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, BSH) and provided to PANGAEA database for data curation and publication. Ancillary sound velocity profiles (SVP) files from the cruise are archived at the BSH and added to the corresponding multibeam raw dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945591 This publication is conducted within the efforts of the German Marine Research Alliance in the core area 'Data management and Digitalization' (Deutsche Allianz Meeresforschung, DAM).

Description: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas which destroys the ozone in the stratosphere. Primary sources of atmospheric N2O are nitrification and denitrification in terrestrial soils and the ocean, and the main sink is photolysis in the stratosphere. Studies have mostly focused on the climate-related response of N2O during glacial-interglacial periods. However, its mechanism of variation during the Holocene remains unclear. We present a high-resolution N2O record from the South Pole Ice (SPICE) core covering the Holocene epoch.