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  • ddc:550.724  (4)
  • John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  (4)
  • English  (4)
  • 2020-2023  (4)
  • 2000-2004
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  • English  (4)
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  • 2020-2023  (4)
  • 2000-2004
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  • 1
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    Comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological problems associated with browning agents used in aquatic studies (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
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    Publication Date: 2022-04-07
    Description: Inland waters receive and process large amounts of colored organic matter from the terrestrial surroundings. These inputs dramatically affect the chemical, physical, and biological properties of water bodies, as well as their roles as global carbon sinks and sources. However, manipulative studies, especially at ecosystem scale, require large amounts of dissolved organic matter with optical and chemical properties resembling indigenous organic matter. Here, we compared the impacts of two leonardite products (HuminFeed and SuperHume) and a freshly derived reverse osmosis concentrate of organic matter in a set of comprehensive mesocosm‐ and laboratory‐scale experiments and analyses. The chemical properties of the reverse osmosis concentrate and the leonardite products were very different, with leonardite products being low and the reverse osmosis concentrate being high in carboxylic functional groups. Light had a strong impact on the properties of leonardite products, including loss of color and increased particle formation. HuminFeed presented a substantial impact on microbial communities under light conditions, where bacterial production was stimulated and community composition modified, while in dark potential inhibition of bacterial processes was detected. While none of the browning agents inhibited the growth of the tested phytoplankton Gonyostomum semen, HuminFeed had detrimental effects on zooplankton abundance and Daphnia reproduction. We conclude that the effects of browning agents extracted from leonardite, particularly HuminFeed, are in sharp contrast to those originating from terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter. Hence, they should be used with great caution in experimental studies on the consequences of terrestrial carbon for aquatic systems.
    Description: Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship
    Description: Swedish Research Council Formas http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001862
    Description: Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004063
    Keywords: ddc:551.48 ; ddc:550.724
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
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    Dispersal, location of bloom initiation, and nutrient conditions determine the dominance of the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella: A meta‐ecosystem study (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-04
    Description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are globally increasing in number and spatial extent. However, their propagation dynamics along environmental gradients and the associated interplay of abiotic factors and biotic interactions are still poorly understood. In this study, a nutrient gradient was established in a linear meta‐ecosystem setup of five interconnected flasks containing an artificially assembled phytoplankton community. The harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella was introduced into different positions along the nutrient gradient to investigate dispersal and spatial community dynamics. Overall, total algal biovolume increased, while community evenness decreased with increasing nutrient concentrations along the gradient. Alexandrium was able to disperse through all flasks. On the regional scale, diatoms dominated the community, whereas on the local scale the dinoflagellate showed higher contributions at low nutrient concentrations and dominated the community at the lowest nutrient concentration, but only when initiated into this flask. A control treatment without dispersal revealed an even stronger dominance of Alexandrium at the lowest nutrient concentration, indicating that dispersal and the associated nutrient exchange may weaken dinoflagellate dominance under low nutrient conditions. This study presents a first approach to experimentally investigate spatial dynamics and ecological interactions of a harmful dinoflagellate along an environmental gradient in a meta‐ecosystem setup, which has the potential to substantially enhance our understanding of the relevance of dispersal for HAB formation and propagation in combination with local environmental factors.
    Description: Volkswagen Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001663
    Keywords: ddc:579 ; ddc:550.724
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    As above, so below? Effects of fungicides on microbial organic matter decomposition are stronger in the hyporheic than in the benthic zone (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-04
    Description: Microbial organic matter decomposition is a critical ecosystem function, which can be negatively affected by chemicals. Although the majority of organic matter is stored in sediments, the impact of chemicals has exclusively been studied in benthic systems. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the impact of a fungicide mixture at three concentrations on the decomposition of black alder leaves in the benthic and hyporheic zone. We targeted two sediment treatments characterized by fine and coarse grain sizes (1–2 vs. 2–4 mm). Besides microbial communities' functioning (i.e., decomposition), we determined their structure through microbial biomass estimates and community composition. In absence of fungicides, leaf decomposition, microbial biomass estimates and fungal sporulation were lower in the hyporheic zone, while the importance of bacteria was elevated. Leaf decomposition was reduced (40%) under fungicide exposure in fine sediment with an effect size more than twice as high as in the benthic zone (15%). These differences are likely triggered by the lower hydraulic conductivity in the hyporheic zone influencing microbial dispersal as well as oxygen and nutrient fluxes. Since insights from the benthic zone are not easily transferable, these results indicate that the hyporheic zone requires a higher recognition with regard to ecotoxicological effects on organic matter decomposition.
    Description: German Research Foundation, Project AQUA‐REG http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:550.724 ; ddc:579
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Nutrient co‐limitation in the subtropical Northwest Pacific (2021)
    John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Hoboken, USA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-04
    Description: Nutrients limiting phytoplankton growth in the ocean are a critical control on ocean productivity and can underpin predicted responses to climate change. The extensive western subtropical North Pacific is assumed to be under strong nitrogen limitation, but this is not well supported by experimental evidence. Here, we report the results of 14 factorial nitrogen–phosphorus–iron addition experiments through the Philippine Sea, which demonstrate a gradient from nitrogen limitation in the north to nitrogen–iron co‐limitation in the south. While nitrogen limited sites responded weakly to nutrient supply, co‐limited sites bloomed with up to ~60‐fold increases in chlorophyll a biomass that was dominated by initially undetectable diatoms. The transition in limiting nutrients and phytoplankton growth capacity was driven by a gradient in deep water nutrient supply, which was undetectable in surface concentration fields. We hypothesize that this large‐scale phytoplankton response gradient is both climate sensitive and potentially important for regulating the distribution of predatory fish.
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Keywords: ddc:577.7 ; ddc:550.724
    Language: English
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