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  • 550 - Earth sciences
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Polymer and Materials Science
  • English  (7)
  • 2005-2009  (7)
  • 2007  (7)
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  • 2005-2009  (7)
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  • 1
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    Yearbook Magnetic Results 2001, 2002, 2003 : Adolf Schmidt Geomagnetic Observatory Niemegk, Geomagnetic Observatory Wingst (2007)
    GeoForschungsZentrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 2
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    P and S velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle beneath central Java from local tomography inversion (2007)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Here we present the results of local source tomographic inversion beneath central Java. The data set was collected by a temporary seismic network. More than 100 stations were operated for almost half a year. About 13,000 P and S arrival times from 292 events were used to obtain three-dimensional (3-D) Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs models of the crust and the mantle wedge beneath central Java. Source location and determination of the 3-D velocity models were performed simultaneously based on a new iterative tomographic algorithm, LOTOS-06. Final event locations clearly image the shape of the subduction zone beneath central Java. The dipping angle of the slab increases gradually from almost horizontal to about 70°. A double seismic zone is observed in the slab between 80 and 150 km depth. The most striking feature of the resulting P and S models is a pronounced low-velocity anomaly in the crust, just north of the volcanic arc (Merapi-Lawu anomaly (MLA)). An algorithm for estimation of the amplitude value, which is presented in the paper, shows that the difference between the fore arc and MLA velocities at a depth of 10 km reaches 30% and 36% in P and S models, respectively. The value of the Vp/Vs ratio inside the MLA is more than 1.9. This shows a probable high content of fluids and partial melts within the crust. In the upper mantle we observe an inclined low-velocity anomaly which links the cluster of seismicity at 100 km depth with MLA. This anomaly might reflect ascending paths of fluids released from the slab. The reliability of all these patterns was tested thoroughly.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Influence of the seismic noise characteristics on noise correlations in the Baltic shield (2007)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: It has recently been shown that correlations of seismic noise can contain significant information about the Green's function along the station profile. Using an array of 38 temporary broad-band stations located in Finland between 1998 September and 1999 March, we study the resulting 703 noise correlations to understand how they are influenced by the directivity of the noise field. The latter information is obtained through f-k analysis of data from two permanent seismic arrays in Germany and Norway and from a subset of stations of the array in Finland. Both types of analysis confirm that the characteristic of the seismic noise is strongly frequency-dependent. At low frequencies (0.02-0.04 Hz), we observe diffuse noise and/or randomly distributed sources. In contrast, the noise is strongly direction-dependent and not fully diffuse in the intermediate period ranges (0.04-0.25 Hz) which correspond to the first and second micro seismic peak, created at the Irish and Scottish coast and the western coast of Norway In this frequency interval the noise is sufficiently close to a plane wave to introduce systematic errors in group velocities for station pairs which are not parallel to the direction of the dominant incident noise. Phase velocities calculated by slant stack over many traces are however correct, independently of profile direction. In the high-frequency band (0.25-1.0 Hz), the situation is a mix between the low-frequency and the intermediate frequency cases. Average phase velocities and individual group velocities from well-oriented profiles are in excellent agreement with results from Rayleigh wave studies of the area.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    TOPO-EUROPE: The Geoscience of Coupled Deep Earth-Surface Processes (2007)
    In:  Global and Planetary Change
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: TOPO-EUROPE addresses the 4-D topographic evolution of the orogens and intra-plate regions of Europe through a multidisciplinary approach linking geology, geophysics, geodesy and geotechnology. TOPO-EUROPE integrates monitoring, imaging, reconstruction and modelling of the interplay between processes controlling continental topography and related natural hazards. Until now, research on neotectonics and related topography development of orogens and intra-plate regions has received little attention. TOPO-EUROPE initiates a number of novel studies on the quantification of rates of vertical motions, related tectonically controlled river evolution and land subsidence in carefully selected natural laboratories in Europe. From orogen through platform to continental margin, these natural laboratories include the Alps/Carpathians–Pannonian Basin System, the West and Central European Platform, the Apennines–Aegean–Anatolian region, the Iberian Peninsula, the Scandinavian Continental Margin, the East-European Platform, and the Caucasus–Levant area. TOPO-EUROPE integrates European research facilities and know-how essential to advance the understanding of the role of topography in Environmental Earth System Dynamics. The principal objective of the network is twofold. Namely, to integrate national research programs into a common European network and, furthermore, to integrate activities among TOPO-EUROPE institutes and participants. Key objectives are to provide an interdisciplinary forum to share knowledge and information in the field of the neotectonic and topographic evolution of Europe, to promote and encourage multidisciplinary research on a truly European scale, to increase mobility of scientists and to train young scientists. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of continental topography research, and of the challenges to TOPO-EUROPE researchers in the targeted natural laboratories.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Crustal structure of Iceland and Greenland from receiver function studies (2007)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We used data from both permanent and temporary seismic networks on Iceland and Greenland to investigate the crustal thickness by partly reinterpreting earlier data (P receiver functions) and adding S receiver functions to better constrain the results. We obtained good conversions from the Moho and also crustal multiples in both Iceland and Greenland. The central ice covered part of Greenland has an average crustal thickness of 40 km, typical for a craton. At the edges of Greenland the crustal thickness decreases to 30–40 km. On the east coast of Greenland, where the track of the Iceland plume is thought to have affected the lithosphere, the crustal thickness is only 24–26 km. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the crustal thickness in the east and the northwest coastal regions of Iceland is more than 40 km, similar to beneath the active volcanic region. In the southwest region of Iceland and along the mid-ocean ridge, the crustal thickness is only 25 km or less. Also in contrast to earlier receiver function interpretations, which deduced a broad crust-mantle transition zone for Iceland, we find indications for a normal, sharper Moho beneath a number of sites
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Volcanic activity influenced by tectonic earthquakes: static versus dynamic stress triggering at Mt. Merapi, Indonesia (2007)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mt. Merapi is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia, located within the tectonically active region of south-central Java. This study investigates how Mt. Merapi affected - and was affected by - nearby tectonic earthquakes. In 2001, a Mw6.3 earthquake occurred in conjunction with an increase in fumarole temperature at Mt. Merapi. In 2006, another Mw6.3 earthquake took place, concomitant with an increase of magma extrusion and pyroclastic flows. Here, we develop theoretical models to study the amount of stress transfer between the earthquakes and the volcano, showing that dynamic, rather than static, stress changes are likely responsible for the temporal and spatial proximity of these events. Our examination of the 2001 and 2006 events implies that volcanic activity at Mt. Merapi is influenced by stress changes related to remote tectonic earthquakes, a finding that is important for volcano hazard assessment in this densely inhabited area.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Seismic evidence for whole lithosphere separation between Saxothuringian and Moldanubian tectonic units in central Europe (2007)
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The Bohemian Massif is part of the Variscan belt of central Europe. We carried out a high resolution mapping of lithospheric thickness beneath central Europe by investigating 264 teleseismic events recorded at 80 broad band stations in the western Bohemian Massif with the method of S receiver function analysis. A negative phase beneath the Saxothuringian and north-eastern Teplá-Barrandian units at about 9-10 s before the S onset is interpreted as caused by the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) at 80 - 90 km depth. In the Moldanubian unit, the negative phase occurs at 13-15 s before the S onset, corresponding to lithospheric thickness of 120 - 130 km. The boundary between the domains is oriented E-W and probably marks the northern extension of Moldanubian Saxothuringian to the Moldanubian unit. The observed crustal/lithospheric domains could represent two distinct microplates with a relatively sharp boundary cutting through the whole lithosphere.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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