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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,365)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (581)
  • Aeronautics (General)  (8)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • 1935-1939  (3,954)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Flight tests were made with a Kellett YG-1 autogiro to determine the relationship between the ground reaction and the vertical velocity at contact for landings of the flared and gliding three-point types. The data obtained are presented in the form of time histories of linear accelerations at the center of gravity resulting from the initial landing impact. In addition, the attitude angle and velocity of the autogiro at contact were measured. The landings were all mild as compared to those representative of airplanes tested in this manner, the maximum vertical velocity being 4.4 feet per second with a corresponding normal acceleration of 2.35 g.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: NACA-MR-X-1937
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This document discusses the types of commercial planes ordered by Air France. Characteristics of the Wibault 670, the Dewoitine D.620, Bloch 300, and the Potez 620 airplanes are included. Pictures and diagrams of these aircraft are also included.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: NACA-SR-41
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Tests have been conducted in the N.A.C.A. full-scale wind tunnel to investigate the partial recovery of the heat energy which is apparently wasted in the cooling of aircraft engines. The results indicate that if the radiator is located in an expanded duct, a part of the energy lost in cooling is recovered; however, the energy recovery is not of practical importance up to airplane speeds of 400 miles per hour. Throttling of the duct flow occurs with heated radiators and must be considered in designing the duct outlets from data obtained with cold radiators in the ducts.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: NACA-SR-111
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper is one of several dealing with methods intended to reduce the drag of present-day radial engine installations and improve the cooling at zero and low air speeds, The present paper describes model wind-tunnel tests of blowers of three designs tested in conjunction with a wing-nacelle combination. The principle of operation involved consists of drawing cooling air into ducts located in the wing root at the point of maximum slipstream velocity, passing the air through the engine baffles from rear to front, and exhausting the air through an annular slot located between the propeller and the engine with the aid of a blower mounted on the spinner. The test apparatus consisted essentially of a stub wing having a 5-foot chord and a 15-foot span, an engine nacelle of 20 inches diameter enclosing a 25-horsepower electric motor, and three blowers mounted on propeller spinners. Two of the blowers utilize centrifugal force while the other uses the lift from airfoils to force the air out radially through the exit slot. Maximum efficiencies of over 70 percent were obtained for the system as a whole. Pressures were measured over the entire flight range which were in excess of those necessary to cool present-day engines, The results indicated that blowers mounted on propeller spinners could be built sufficiently powerful and efficient to warrant their use as the only, or chief, means of forcing air through the cooling system, so that cooling would be independent of the speed of the airplane.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: NACA-SR-117
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Two cowling systems intended to reduce the drag and improve the low-speed cooling characteristics of conventional radial engine cowlings were tested in model form to determine the practicability of the methods. One cowling included a blower mounted on the rear face of a large propeller spinner which drew cooling air in through side entrance ducts located behind the equivalent engine orifice plate. The air was passed through the equivalent engine orifice plate from rear to front and out through a slot between the spinner and the engine plate. The blower produced substantially all the power necessary to circulate the cooling air in some cases, so the quantity of air flowing was independent of the air speed, Two types of blowers were used, a centrifugal type and one using airfoil blades which forced the air outward from the center of rotation. The other cowling was similar to the conventional N.A.C.A. cowling except for the addition of a large propeller spinner nose. The spinner was provided with a hole in the nose to admit cooling air and blower blades to increase the pressure for cooling at low speeds. The tests show that with both cowling types the basic drag of the nacelle was reduced substantially below that for the N.A.C.A. cowling by virtue of the better nose shape made possible by the spinner . The drag due to the side-entrance ducts was nearly zero when the openings were closed or when the blower was drawing in a certain quantity of air in proportion to the air speed. The drag increased, however, when air mas allowed to spill from the openings. The nose-entrance blower showed considerable promise as a cooling means although the blower tested was relatively inefficient, owing to the fact that the blower compartments evidently were expanded too rapidly under the conditions imposed. by the design.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: NACA-SR-121
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The safety of remotely operated vehicles depends on the correctness of the distributed protocol that facilitates the communication between the vehicle and the operator. A failure in this communication can result in catastrophic loss of the vehicle. To complicate matters, the communication system may be required to satisfy several, possibly conflicting, requirements. The design of protocols is typically an informal process based on successive iterations of a prototype implementation. Yet distributed protocols are notoriously difficult to get correct using such informal techniques. We present a formal specification of the design of a distributed protocol intended for use in a remotely operated vehicle, which is built from the composition of several simpler protocols. We demonstrate proof strategies that allow us to prove properties of each component protocol individually while ensuring that the property is preserved in the composition forming the entire system. Given that designs are likely to evolve as additional requirements emerge, we show how we have automated most of the repetitive proof steps to enable verification of rapidly changing designs.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: NACA-SR-103
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  • 7
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The nomenclature for aeronautics presented in this Report No. 474 is a revision of the last previous report on this subject (i.e., Report no. 240.) This report is published for the purpose of encouraging greater uniformity and precision in the use of terms relating to aeronautics, both in official documents of the Government and in commercial publications. Terms in general use in other branches of engineering have been included only where they have some special significance in aeronautics, or form an integral part of its terminology.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: NACA-TR-474
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: This Bibliography of Aeronautics for 1932 covers the aeronautical literature published from January 1 to December 31, 1932. The first Bibliography of Aeronautics was published by the Smithsonian Institution as volume 55 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections and covered the material published prior to June 30, 1909. Supplementary volumes of the Bibliography of Aeronautics for the subsequent years have been published by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The last preceding volume was for the calendar year 1931. As in the previous volumes, citations of the publications of all nations are included in the languages in which these publications originally appeared. The arrangement is in dictionary form with author and subject entry and one alphabetical arrangement. Detail in the matter of subject reference has been omitted on account of the cost of presentation, but an attempt has been made to give sufficient cross-reference for research in special lines.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 1-29 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two kinds of spermatozoa are formed in the testis of Goniobasis laqueata, typical (eupyrene) and atypical (apyrene); a similar dimorphism is noted in several other related genera. The development of each type of spermatozoon is described in Goniobasis. The apyrene spermatozoa do not appear in the testis until eupyrene spermatogenesis has progressed to the formation of mature eupyrene spermatozoa. After this time apyrene spermatogenesis becomes predominant. It is suggested that this condition is indicative of a modified protandric hermaphroditism, according to a recent theory of spermic dimorphism. The anatomy of the reproductive system of Goniobasis is described briefly, and the behavior and fate of the two types of spermatozoa are noted. Only the eupyrene spermatozoa are inclosed in a spermatophore formed in a special organ of the male, the apyrenes being somehow excluded. Thus the latter do not reach the female in copulation and can have no necessary functional relationship to the ova at the time of fertilization. The delayed formation of the apyrene spermatozoa, and other facts, indicate that they are probably not concerned with the nutrition or transport of the eupyrene spermatozoa.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 61-89 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three pairs of thymus primordia are found at 6 to 6.5 mm. on the dorsal lateral ends of the second, third and fourth visceral pouches. Those on each side after fusing by growth and migratin come to lie above the third visceral pouch, whence the thymus migrates upward and backward; growing in size, it stretches above the ends of all the gill pouches. It pushes inward into the mesenchyme at 12 to 13 mm. and becomes perforated and surrounded by blood vessels and connective tissue which separate it almost completely from the epithelium. No septa are found; occasionally the third primordium fails to fuse and forms a separate lobe.The early thymus is a syncytium in which are found lymphoblasts, identified by structure of the cytosome and its behavior during mitosis. Evidence is presented that lymphoblasts migrate into the thymus where they increase in number with corresponding increase in length of cytoplasmic bridges and size of intercellular spaces. At 10 mm. begins a rapid increase in size of the thymus and in number of lymphoblasts and decrease in size of the latter, culminating at 12 to 13 mm. in their transformation into thymocytes. A medulla associated with blood vessels is unmistakable at 30 mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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