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  • *Ecosystem  (564)
  • Astrophysics
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (564)
  • 2005-2009  (563)
  • 1985-1989  (1)
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  • 1
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    Marine sciences. U.S. poised to adopt national ocean policy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1618. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1618.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; *Seawater ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Land use. Sustainable floodplains through large-scale reconnection to rivers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Opperman, Jeffrey J -- Galloway, Gerald E -- Fargione, Joseph -- Mount, Jeffrey F -- Richter, Brian D -- Secchi, Silvia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1487-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1178256.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. jopperman@tnc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Floods ; Public Policy ; *Rivers ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Where are the parasites? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kutz, Susan J -- Dobson, Andy P -- Hoberg, Eric P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1187-8. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1187-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions/epidemiology ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Parasites/growth & development/*physiology ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Bacteria-mediated acquisition of atmospheric N2 serves as a critical source of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we reveal that symbiotic nitrogen fixation facilitates the cultivation of specialized fungal crops by leaf-cutter ants. By using acetylene reduction and stable isotope experiments, we demonstrated that N2 fixation occurred in the fungus gardens of eight leaf-cutter ant species and, further, that this fixed nitrogen was incorporated into ant biomass. Symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria were consistently isolated from the fungus gardens of 80 leaf-cutter ant colonies collected in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Panama. The discovery of N2 fixation within the leaf-cutter ant-microbe symbiosis reveals a previously unrecognized nitrogen source in neotropical ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinto-Tomas, Adrian A -- Anderson, Mark A -- Suen, Garret -- Stevenson, David M -- Chu, Fiona S T -- Cleland, W Wallace -- Weimer, Paul J -- Currie, Cameron R -- GM 18938/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1120-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1173036.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylene/metabolism ; Animals ; Ants/metabolism/microbiology/*physiology ; Argentina ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/growth & development/*physiology ; Klebsiella/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Panama ; Pantoea/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Elevated CO2 reduces losses of plant diversity caused by nitrogen deposition (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The interactive effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and elevated nitrogen (N) deposition on plant diversity are not well understood. This is of concern because both factors are important components of global environmental change and because each might suppress diversity, with their combined effects possibly additive or synergistic. In a long-term open-air experiment, grassland assemblages planted with 16 species were grown under all combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and ambient and elevated N. Over 10 years, elevated N reduced species richness by 16% at ambient CO2 but by just 8% at elevated CO2. This resulted from multiple effects of CO2 and N on plant traits and soil resources that altered competitive interactions among species. Elevated CO2 thus ameliorated the negative effects of N enrichment on species richness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1399-402. doi: 10.1126/science.1178820.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. preich@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemone/growth & development/metabolism ; Asclepias/genetics/metabolism ; Asteraceae/growth & development/metabolism ; *Atmosphere ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Light ; Minnesota ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; Water/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Epicontinental seas versus open-ocean settings: the kinetics of mass extinction and origination (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Environmental perturbations during mass extinctions were likely manifested differently in epicontinental seas than in open-ocean-facing habitats of comparable depth. Here, we present a dissection of origination and extinction in epicontinental seas versus open-ocean-facing coastal regions in the Permian through Cretaceous periods, an interval through which both settings are well represented in the fossil record. Results demonstrate that extinction rates were significantly higher in open-ocean settings than in epicontinental seas during major mass extinctions but not at other times and that origination rates were significantly higher in open-ocean settings for a protracted interval from the Late Jurassic through the Late Cretaceous. These patterns are manifested even when other paleogeographic and environmental variables are held fixed, indicating that epicontinental seas and open-ocean-facing coastlines carry distinct macroevolutionary signatures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Arnold I -- Foote, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1106-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180061.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Post Office Box 210013, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA. arnold.miller@uc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bivalvia ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geologic Sediments ; Geological Phenomena ; Kinetics ; Oceans and Seas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Ecology. Biodiversity under global change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Scott L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1353-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1183271.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. scollins@sevilleta.unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Minnesota ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; Soil/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Biofuels: forests and carbon (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kauppi, Pekka E -- Saikku, Laura -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1345; author reply 1346. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5958.1345-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biofuels ; Carbon ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; Wood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Science and regulation. New science for chemicals policy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwarzman, Megan R -- Wilson, Michael P -- 5U19EH000097-04/EH/NCEH CDC HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1065-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1177537.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. mschwarzman@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; *Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; European Union ; *Hazardous Substances/toxicity ; *Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Harnessing carbon payments to protect biodiversity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Initiatives to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) are providing increasing incentives for forest protection. The collateral benefits for biodiversity depend on the extent to which emissions reductions and biodiversity conservation can be achieved in the same places. Globally, we demonstrate spatial trade-offs in allocating funds to protect forests for carbon and biodiversity and show that cost-effective spending for REDD would protect relatively few species of forest vertebrates. Because trade-offs are nonlinear, we discover that minor adjustments to the allocation of funds could double the biodiversity protected by REDD, while reducing carbon outcomes by only 4 to 8%.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venter, Oscar -- Laurance, William F -- Iwamura, Takuya -- Wilson, Kerrie A -- Fuller, Richard A -- Possingham, Hugh P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1368. doi: 10.1126/science.1180289.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ecology Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. oventer@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Biodiversity ; *Carbon ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Statistical ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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