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  • Articles  (244)
  • Astrophysics
  • 2015-2019  (243)
  • 2005-2009  (1)
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  • 1
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    1981 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : physics of convection (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Reexploring convection and its various transitions to chaotic behavior were the central themes of GFD 1981. Our principal lecturer, Dr. Edward A. Spiegel, provided both a rich historical picture and stimulating hours at the current frontiers of this topic. Before the summer was out his research lecture on "A Tale of Two Methods" elegantly merged Pierre Coullet's canonical formalism for studying dynamical systems in a central manifold and the more traditional two-timing amplitude expansions near critical points. Other lecture sequences on convection and its relation to simpler dynamical systems ranged from the fine presentations of John Guckenheimer on bifurcation theory to Fritz Busse's survey of his immense contributions to our understanding of nonlinear convection. The list of other lectures found on the following pages attests to our summer-long exposure to convection in the ocean, the atmosphere, the earth's core and mantle, and in the sun. August brought lectures on new observations of convection in the laboratories of physicists. Albert Libchaber's precise experiments on the many routes convection can take to turbulence, with parallel laboratory and numerical experiments described by J. Gollub and E. Siggia, added much to our language of inquiry.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-81-G-0089.
    Keywords: Convection ; Astrophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    History of dark matter (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-16
    Description: Author(s): Gianfranco Bertone and Dan Hooper The standard model of modern cosmology is unthinkable without dark matter, although direct detections are still missing. A broad perspective of how dark matter was postulated and became accepted is presented, from prehistory, over observations of galaxy clusters, galaxy rotation curves, the search for baryonic dark matter, possible alternative explanations via modified gravity, up to the hunt for dark matter particles. The interplay is described between observational discoveries and theoretical arguments which led finally to the adoption of this paradigm. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 045002] Published Mon Oct 15, 2018
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0034-6861
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-0756
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 3
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    Looking at cosmic near-infrared background radiation anisotropies (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-20
    Description: Author(s): A. Kashlinsky, R. G. Arendt, F. Atrio-Barandela, N. Cappelluti, A. Ferrara, and G. Hasinger While the cosmic microwave background originates from the very early Universe, the cosmic infrared background contains the cumulative emission of sources from the earliest epochs to the present time. It is generated from nucleosynthetic sources and gravitational sources. The source-subtracted spatial fluctuations of the cosmic infrared background provide information on the brightness and clustering of sources too faint to detect individually. Among these are the very first stars in the Universe and an unexpectedly large fraction of black holes. Observational and theoretical efforts at decoding the cosmic infrared background are presented together with possible future tests and prospects. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025006] Published Tue Jun 19, 2018
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0034-6861
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-0756
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    The $^{12}\mathbf{C}(α,γ)^{16}\mathbf{O}$ reaction and its implications for stellar helium burning (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-08
    Description: Author(s): R. J. deBoer, J. Görres, M. Wiescher, R. E. Azuma, A. Best, C. R. Brune, C. E. Fields, S. Jones, M. Pignatari, D. Sayre, K. Smith, F. X. Timmes, and E. Uberseder The 12 C(α,γ) 16 O reaction is essential for the the production of carbon and oxygen in the Universe, and also for the composition of stellar cores after helium burning, a key determinant for supernova explosions. This review summarizes the current experimental understanding, theoretical underpinning, and the interpretation of reaction data for this critical reaction. It is shown that the desired level of uncertainty, ≈10%, may be in sight, but several inconsistencies need to be overcome. Ways to move forward beyond the state of the art are discussed. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035007] Published Thu Sep 07, 2017
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0034-6861
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-0756
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Graviton mass bounds (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-05
    Description: Author(s): Claudia de Rham, J. Tate Deskins, Andrew J. Tolley, and Shuang-Yong Zhou If gravitation propagates via a massive field, the velocity of gravitational waves (gravitons) depends on their frequency. Gravitational waves emitted early during the inspiral of compact binaries would travel slower than those emitted later, causing an offset in relative arrival times. This review utilizes the first direct detections of gravitons from two inspiraling black holes for setting an upper mass bound, examines it within the framework of massive gravity theories, and compares to observational bounds obtained from other related effects. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 025004] Published Wed May 03, 2017
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0034-6861
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-0756
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Testing black hole candidates with electromagnetic radiation (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-07
    Description: Author(s): Cosimo Bambi Can one determine the black hole nature of an observed object by electromagnetic observations? As astrophysical black holes are expected to result from collapse with nonzero angular momentum, the spacetime geometry would correspond to the Kerr metric. This review discusses how electromagnetic radiation emitted by gas or stars orbiting these objects can potentially be utilized to test the Kerr black hole hypothesis with current and future observational facilities. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 025001] Published Thu Apr 06, 2017
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0034-6861
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-0756
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Equations of state for supernovae and compact stars (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-17
    Description: Author(s): M. Oertel, M. Hempel, T. Klähn, and S. Typel What are the thermodynamic properties of matter at extreme densities, even exceeding nuclear matter density severely? How can we describe the composition of matter for such conditions, the resulting pressure, and the maximum mass of cold neutron stars? How is this affected by finite temperatures, as they occur in core collapse supernovae and in compact star mergers? This review addresses these points within the framework of constraints from experiments as well as astronomical observations. [Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 015007] Published Wed Mar 15, 2017
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0034-6861
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-0756
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 8
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    [In Depth] European gravitational wave detector falters (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-17
    Description: On 20 February, dignitaries will descend on Virgo, Europe's premier gravitational wave detector near Pisa, Italy, for a dedication ceremony to celebrate a 5-year, €24 million upgrade. But the pomp will belie nagging problems that are likely to keep Virgo from joining its U.S. counterpart, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), in a hunt for gravitational wave sources that was meant to start next month. What has hobbled the 3-kilometer-long observatory: glass threads just 0.4 millimeters thick, which have proved unexpectedly fragile. Virgo should be ready to join LIGO when it resumes observations in spring 2018 after a break, but for now Virgo's sensitivity is compromised. Author: Daniel Clery
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    [In Depth] Debate heats up over black holes as dark matter (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-10
    Description: Could dark matter consist of primordial black holes, as numerous as the stars? It's an old, improbable idea, but it made a Lazarus-like comeback a year ago, when the discovery of gravitational waves suggested that the cosmos abounds with unexpectedly heavy black holes. Last February physicists with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) announced that they had detected ripples in space from the violent merger of two black holes 29 and 36 times as massive as our sun—more than twice as massive as physicists thought so-called stellar mass black holes could be. If scads of those black holes are out there, then they might account for the 85% of the universe's matter that is missing, one team of physicists argues. However, the idea is now coming under pressure from other directions, including studies of the cosmic microwave background and of tiny dwarf galaxies on the periphery of the Milky Way. And a definitive census of black holes might come in a few years, not from LIGO, but from studies of mysterious fast radio bursts and pulsars. Author: Adrian Cho
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    [In Depth] Can dark matter vanquish controversial rival theory? (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: A long-smoldering feud over the existence of mysterious dark matter is heating up. For decades, a few scientists have argued that dark matter—the stuff thought to make up 85% of the matter in the universe—cannot explain a universal pattern in the motions of spiral galaxies such as our own Milky Way but that a theory called modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) can. Now, a leading theorist argues that dark matter can explain this pattern after all. Since the 1970s, astronomers have known that the outer stars spiral galaxies circulate faster than they could if the gravity from the visible matter in the galaxy alone were pulling on them, suggesting that some unseen dark matter provides the extra gravity needed to hold them in. But in 1983 one theorist proposed instead tweaking Newton's famous second law of motion, which says an object accelerates in proportion to the force on it. MOND's fix would explain why the out stars can circulate so fast. It explains why a galaxy's behavior can be predicted from the distribution of ordinary matter in it alone. But now a team of theorists say that dark matter can also explain that striking phenomena. The key, they say, is the density of the dark matter "halos" in which galaxies form and a certain gravitational interplay between dark and ordinary matter. If correct, the argument could knock the pegs out from under MOND. Author: Adrian Cho
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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