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  • American Chemical Society  (33,842)
  • Wiley  (26,502)
  • Institute of Physics  (24,784)
  • 2005-2009  (85,128)
  • 2007  (85,128)
  • 1
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    Sea ice drift variability in Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project models and observations (2007)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-07
    Description: Drift is a prominent parameter characterizing the Arctic sea ice cover that has a deep impact on the climate system. Hence it is a key issue to both the remote sensing as well as the modeling community, to provide reliable sea ice drift fields. This study focuses on the comparison of sea ice drift results from different sea ice‐ocean coupled models and the validation with observational data in the period 1979–2001. The models all take part in the Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (AOMIP) and the observations are mainly based on satellite imagery. According to speed distributions, one class of models has a mode at drift speeds around 3 cm s −1 and a short tail toward higher speeds. Another class shows a more even frequency distribution with large probability of drift speeds of 10 to 20 cm s −1 . Observations clearly agree better with the first class of model results. Reasons for these differences are manifold and lie in discrepancies of wind stress forcing as well as sea ice model characteristics and sea ice‐ocean coupling. Moreover, we investigated the drift patterns of anticyclonic and cyclonic wind‐driven regimes. The models are capable of producing realistic drift pattern variability. The winter of 1994/1995 stands out because of its maximum in Fram Strait ice export. Although export estimates of some models agree with observations, the corresponding inner Arctic drift pattern is not reproduced. The reason for this is found in the wind‐forcing as well as in differences in ocean velocities.
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  • 2
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    Microbial CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 fixation and sulfur cycling associated with low-temperature emissions at the Lilliput hydrothermal field, southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (9°S) (2007)
    Society for Applied Microbiology | Blackwell | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-22
    Description: Lilliput was discovered in 2005 as the southernmost known hydrothermal field along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It is exceptional in that it lacks high-temperature venting probably because of a thickened crust. The absence of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic prokaryotes in emissions supports the argument against the presence of a hot subsurface at Lilliput, as is typically suggested for diffuse emissions from areas of high-temperature venting. The high phylogenetic diversity and novelty of bacteria observed could be because of the low-temperature influence, the distinct location of the hydrothermal field or the Bathymodiolus assemblages covering the sites of discharge. The low-temperature fluids at the Lilliput are characterized by lowered pH and slightly elevated hydrogen (16 nM) and methane (∼2.6 μM) contents compared with ambient seawater. No typical hydrogen and methane oxidizing prokaryotes were detected. The higher diversity of reverse tricarboxylic acid genes and the form II RubisCO genes of the Calvin Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle compared with the form I RubisCO genes of the CBB cycle suggests that the chemoautotrophic community is better adapted to low oxygen concentrations. Thiomicrospira spp. and Epsilonproteobacteria dominated the autotrophic community. Sulfide is the most abundant inorganic energy source (0.5 mM). Diverse bacteria were associated with sulfur cycling, including Gamma-, Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria, with the latter being the most abundant bacteria according to fluorescence in situ hybridization. With members of various Candidate Divisions constituting for 25% of clone library sequences we suggest that their role in vent ecosystems might be more important than previously assumed and propose potential mechanisms they might be involved in at the Lilliput hydrothermal field.
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  • 3
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    Effects of Cultivation Parameters on the Morphology ofRhizopus arrhizus and the Lactic Acid Production in a Bubble Column Reactor (2007)
    Wiley
    In:  Engineering in Life Sciences, 7 (5). pp. 490-496.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: The use of filamentous Rhizopus for lactic acid production is facing a challenge due to its low yield mainly caused by the difficulty to control its morphology in submerged fermentation processes. This study was aimed at investigating the impacts of cultivation parameters on the morphology of Rhizopus arrhizus DAR 36017 and lactic acid production using waste potato starch in a laboratory scale bubble column reactor (BCR). The fungal morphology was significantly influenced by carbon sources, process pH, starch concentrations, sparger designs and aeration rates. The favorable morphology for lactic acid production was a freely dispersed small pellet, which was achieved under operation conditions at pH 5.0–6.0, starch concentrations of 60–120 g/L and aeration rates of 0.2–0.8 vvm using a sintered stainless steel disc sparger. Optimal cultivation conditions at pH 6.0 and an aeration rate of 0.4 vvm resulted in the formation of freely dispersed small pellets and 103.8 g/L lactic acid with a yield of 87 % from 120 g/L liquefied potato starch in 48 h. The overall results in terms of lactic acid yield and productivity are comparable to those reported in previous studies using immobilized Rhizopus cells in batch fermentations.
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  • 4
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    Confocal laser scanning microscopy: using cuticular autofluorescence for high resolution morphological imaging in small crustaceans (2007)
    Wiley
    In:  Journal of Microscopy, 227 (1). pp. 1-7.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-22
    Description: The utility of cuticular autofluorescence for the visualization of copepod morphology by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was examined. Resulting maximum intensity projections give very accurate information on morphology and show even diminutive structures such as small setae in detail. Furthermore, CLSM enables recognition of internal structures and differences in material composition. Optical sections in all layers and along all axes of the specimens can be obtained by CLSM. The facile and rapid preparation method bears no risk of artefacts or damage occurring to the preparations and the visualized specimens can be used for later analyses allowing for the investigation of irreplaceable type specimens or parts of them. These features make CLSM a very effective tool for both taxonomical and ecological studies in small crustaceans; however, the maximum thickness of the specimens is limited to a few hundred micrometers. Three-dimensional models based on CLSM image stacks allow observation of the preparations from all angles and can permit, improve and speed up studies on functional morphology. The visualization method described has a strong potential to become a future standard technique in aquatic biology due to its advantages over conventional light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
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  • 5
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    Anthecularin: A novel sesquiterpene lactone from Anthemis auriculata with antiprotozoal activity (2007)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Organic Chemistry, 72 (21). pp. 8103-8106.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: Anthecularin (1), a minor sesquiterpene lactone with a novel ring system was isolated from Greek Anthemis auriculata (Asteraceae). Its structure was elucidated by means of NMR, HRMS, and X-ray crystallography. Anthecularin showed antitrypanosomal (IC50 = 10.1 μg/mL) and antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 23.3 μg/mL) and inhibited two key enzymes of the plasmodial type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, PfFabI and PfFabG (IC50 values = 14 and 28.3 μg/mL, respectively). A probable biogenesis of 1 is also proposed and discussed.
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  • 6
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    Crypthophilic acids A, B, and C: Resin glycosides from aerial parts of Scrophularia crypthophila (2007)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Natural Products, 70 (1). pp. 43-47.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-21
    Description: The water-soluble part of the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Scrophularia crypthophila, through chromatographic methods, yielded three new resin glycosides, crypthophilic acids A−C (1−3). Compounds 1−3 are tetraglycosides of (+)-3S,12S-dihydroxypalmitic acid. The structures of these and 10 known compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. All natural resin glycosides known so far have been obtained from Convolvulaceae plants; this is the first report of such glycosides from another, taxonomically unrelated family (Scrophulariaceae).
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  • 7
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    Environmental Metabolomics: A SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) (2007)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  Journal of Proteome Research, 6 (2). pp. 540-545.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: Metabolomics offers great potential for understanding the metabolic consequences of exposure to chemicals and other stressors in the environment. Biological systems encompass humans exposed to chemicals in the environment as well as the diverse organisms inhabiting an ecosystem and exposed to environmental contaminants. An overall goal of environmental metabolomics is to understand what is metabolomically “normal” or adaptive and what constitutes a threat to human health and the environment.
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  • 8
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    Changes in large herbivore populations across large areas of Tanzania (2007)
    Wiley
    In:  African Journal of Ecology, 45 (2). pp. 202-215.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-29
    Description: We collated aerial census data collected during the late 1980s to early 2000s for large herbivore populations in eight large census zones in Tanzania. Of the ungulate populations that showed significant changes in densities at the start versus end of this decade, most declined; very few populations increased significantly. Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle, hartebeest, reedbuck, roan antelope, sable antelope, warthog and zebra, for example, declined in over 50% of the zones where they were surveyed. Interestingly, small-bodied species fared particularly poorly in many census zones, whereas elephant and giraffe generally fared well across the country. Most populations of all herbivores declined in some portions of the country (e.g. Burigi-Biharamulo, Katavi, Greater Ruaha and Tarangire census zones). These surveys suggest that, even in a country renowned for its protected areas and conservation commitment, some large herbivore populations need more conservation attention in order to remain stable.
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  • 9
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    Analysis of archaeal core ether lipids using Time of Flight? Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS): Exploring a new prospect for the study of biomarkers in geobiology (2007)
    Wiley
    In:  Geobiology, 5 . pp. 75-83.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-11
    Description: The capability of Time of Flight–Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) of analysing molecular archaeal biomarkers in geobiological samples was tested and demonstrated. Using a bismuth cluster primary ion source, isopranyl glycerol di- and tetraether core lipids were detected in small amounts of total organic extracts from methanotrophic microbial mats, simultaneously and without further chemical treatment and chromatographic separation. ToF-SIMS was also employed to track the distribution of fossilized ether lipids in a massive carbonate (aragonite) microbialite that precipitated as a result of the microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane. An unambiguous signal was obtained when analysing a freshly broken rock surface (base of a microdrill core). Though some limitation occurred due to µm-topographical effects (sample roughness), it was possible to display the abundance of high molecular weight (C86) of tetraethers exposed in particular regions of the rock surface. ‘Molecular mapping’ revealed that a part of these molecules was encased within the rock fabric in a cluster-like distribution that might trace the arrangement of the calcifying microbial colonies in the once active mat system. The results reveal promising perspectives of ToF-SIMS for (i) the quasi-nondestructive analysis of lipids in extremely small geobiological samples at low concentrations; (ii) resolving the spatial distribution of these compounds on a µm2- to cm2-scale; and (iii) the more exact assignment of lipid biomarkers to their biological source.
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  • 10
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    Molecular analysis of the distribution and phylogeny of the soxB gene among sulfur-oxidizing bacteria - evolution of the Sox sulfur-oxidizing enzyme system (2007)
    Wiley
    In:  Environmental Microbiology, 9 (12). pp. 2957-2977.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The soxB gene encodes the SoxB component of the periplasmic thiosulfate-oxidizing Sox enzyme complex, which has been proposed to be widespread among the various phylogenetic groups of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) that convert thiosulfate to sulfate with and without the formation of sulfur globules as intermediate. Indeed, the comprehensive genetic and genomic analyses presented in the present study identified the soxB gene in 121 phylogenetically and physiologically divergent SOB, including several species for which thiosulfate utilization has not been reported yet. In first support of the previously postulated general involvement of components of the Sox enzyme complex in the thiosulfate oxidation process of sulfur-storing SOB, the soxB gene was detected in all investigated photo- and chemotrophic species that form sulfur globules during thiosulfate oxidation (Chromatiaceae, Chlorobiaceae, Ectothiorhodospiraceae, Thiothrix, Beggiatoa, Thiobacillus, invertebrate symbionts and free-living relatives). The SoxB phylogeny reflected the major 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic lineages of the investigated SOB, although topological discrepancies indicated several events of lateral soxB gene transfer among the SOB, e.g. its independent acquisition by the anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophic lineages from different chemotrophic donor lineages. A putative scenario for the proteobacterial origin and evolution of the Sox enzyme system in SOB is presented considering the phylogenetic, genomic (sox gene cluster composition) and geochemical data.
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