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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reimer
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
    Description: Über den paläozoischen Sedimenten im Dakhla-Becken folgen überwiegend fluvio-kontinentale Sedimente des Mesozoikums, die sich aufgrund ihrer gleichartigen Ausbildung innerhalb des Beckens in Ost-West-Erstreckung verfolgen lassen. Die pauschal als "Nubischer Sandstein" bezeichneten klastischen Sedimente konnten in sechs Formationen gegliedert und ihre strati graphische Stellung weitgehend gesichert werden. Die Einheiten der Nubischen Gruppe heißen von unten nach oben: Six Hills Formation (Basal Clastics), Abu Ballas Formation (Lingula Shale), Sabaya Formation (Desert Rose Beds), Maghrabi Formation (Plant Beds), Taref Formation (Taref Sandstein) und Mut Formation (Variegated Shales). Sie sind fast ausschließlich der Kreide bis zum Maastricht zugehörig. Der Sedimentationsraum gehört zu einem sich nach Nordwesten vertiefenden Becken zwischen der Calanscio-Uweinat-Schwelle im Westen und dem Kharga-Upl ift im Osten. Die Sandstein-Formationen bestehen in der Körnerfraktion ausschließlich aus Quarz, Zirkon, Turmalin, Rutil und Leukoxen und zeigen bei den Tonmineralen eine absolute Kaolinitvormacht. Die überwiegend tonigen Formationen, mit unterschiedlichen Tonmineral-Vergesellschaffungen, deuten auf eine Sedimentation in einem flachen Epikontinentalmeer hin. Die Sedimente der Nubischen Gruppe entstammen Gebieten mit lateritischer Verwitterung. Die Resedimentation erfolgte unter gleichen Klimabedingungen, wie synsedimentäre Bodenbildung und Sesquioxid-Krusten zeigen. Die Faktoren-Analyse ergab folgende Elementgruppen: Ti, Nb, Zr und Cr: Elemente, die überwiegend in Schwermineralen auftreten ; Mn, Co, Ni und Cu: adsorptiv an Mn gebunden und in manganreichen Krusten angereichert ; Y, SE; an Tonminerale angelagerte Elemente ; Ca, Sr, Rb und Pb: an Tonminerale gebundene Elemente. Eisen konnte keiner dieser Gruppen zugeordnet werden. Da die fünf Elementgruppen in den Formationen der Nubischen Gruppe charakteristisch verteilt sind, ist eine Unterscheidung der Formationen aufgrund der Elementverteilung möglich.
    Description: The Paleozoic sediments within the Dakhla Basin are overlain by fluvio-continental sediments of Mesozoic age which can be traced in the. basin in east-west extension caused by their similar development. The clastic sediments, generally called "Nubian Sandstone", could be subdivided into six formations and their: stratigraphic position could be more or less assured. The units of the Nubia Group are named from the bottom towards the top as follows: Six Hills Formation (Basal Clastic Unit), Abu Ballas Formation (Lingula Shale Unit), Sabaya Formation (Desert Rose Unit), Maghrabi Formation (Plant Bed Unit), Taref Formation (Taref Sandstone Unit), and Mut Formation (Variegated Shale Unit). Stratigraphically they are nearly exclusively of Cretaceous up to Maastrichtian age. The area of sedimentation is a basin between the Calanscio-Uweinat Uplift in the west and the Kharga Uplift in the east. The bottom of the basin dips towards the northwest. The more sandy units contain as grains exclusively quartz, zircone, turmaline, rutile and leocoxene. The same units show as a clay-mineral an absolute predominance of kaolinite. The chiefly clayey units with a different association of clayminerals point at a sedimentation in a shallow epicontinental sea. The sediments of the Nubia Group are descended from regions with a lateritic weathering. The resedimentation took place under the same climatic conditions as it is shown by syn sedimentary development of soil horizons and sesquioxide crusts. The factor analysis caused the following groups of elements: Ti, Nb, Zr and Cr: elements which occur mainly in heavy minerals ; Mn, Co, Ni and Cu: elements which are bound adsorptively at Mn and are concentrated in crusts with a high content of manganese ; Y and R.E.E.: elements which are attached to clayminerals ; Ca, Sr, Rb and Pb: elements which are bound at clayminerals. Iron could not be associated with one of these groups. As the five groups of elements are distributed characteristically in the units of the Nubia Group, a differentiation of the units is possible based on the dissamination of the elements.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Nubischer Sandstein ; Stratigraphie ; Geochemie ; Sedimentologie
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 93
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Berlin: Reimer
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-04-18
    Description: Anatektische Schmelzen haben bei der Entstehung granitischer bis dioritischer Magmen in der Erdkruste eine entscheidende Bedeutung. Die große Tiefe und breite Ausdehnung, in der sich sialische Granitisations-Prozesse vollziehen, bedingen aber auch die Seltenheit ihres Aufschlusses an der Erdoberfläche. An Stelle dieser Übergänge metamorph -〉 magmatisch in situ (ERDMANNSDÖRFFER, 1948) wurden daher stets die wesentlich kleinräumigeren Erscheinungen in Migmatiten untersucht. Man ging dabei von der Voraussetzung aus, daß diese als "Modell Systeme" anzusehen sind (MEHNERT, 1968/71). Die meisten geochemischen Untersuchungen zu diesem Thema berücksichtigten bisher nur die Hauptelemente. Angaben über Spurenelement-Konzentrationen basieren meist nur auf wenigen Einzelanalysen. Als Grundlage der hier vorgelegten Zusammenfassung geochemischer Daten zur Migmatitgenese dienten im wesentlichen die petrologischen Untersuchungen anatektischer Gesteine von MEHNERT und von BÜSCH (Zitate im Text). Diese Basis wurde durch Hinzunahme von neueren Literaturdaten erweitert. Die Analyse einer möglichst großen Anzahl von Einzelproben von Gneisen, Leukosomen und Melanosomen auf Haupt-, Neben- und Spurenelemente und die Berücksichtigung der Auswirkungen der Streuungen erbrachte neue Erkenntnisse…
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:552.4 ; ddc:551.9 ; Geochemie ; Migmatit ; Schwarzwald
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 82
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The extraction of apatite minerals is becoming more and more crucial with the depletion of high-grade ores. At the same time, many streams of waste are continuously being produced by the phosphate industry, including calcareous and siliceous waste rocks, clayey sludge and phosphogypsum. These waste products are produced in huge volumes reaching a ratio of between 5 to 10 tons of waste per each ton of concentrated phosphate. The management of these waste products is becoming a real issue in terms of growing public awareness and environmental and financial aspects. In addition, phosphate ores are known to contain other critical raw materials (CRM) such as rare earth elements and uranium. The recovery of these vital elements from phosphate waste may help to develop the needs of the green energy of the future and contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following aspects were studied: phosphate extraction and beneficiation, novel phosphate ores, the fine characterization of phosphate ores and waste, phosphoric acid production, critical raw material (CRM) recovery from phosphate ores and waste, reprocessing of phosphate wastes and finally the valorization and reuse of phosphate waste and phosphogypsum.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; valorization ; ceramic membrane ; general industrial solid waste ; cemented paste backfill ; cemented phosphogypsum backfill ; unconfined compressive strength ; mineralogy ; froth flotation ; silicate-carbonate gangue ; geochemical characteristic ; activity concentration ; building materials ; valuable elements ; upgrading ; radiological influence ; durability ; phosphogypsum ; phosphate ore processing ; low-grade phosphate ; industrial waste ; phosphogypsum (PG) ; filtration ; civil engineering ; comprehensive utilization ; phosphorite ; flotation ; REE recovery ; phosphate mine waste rocks ; Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin ; acid extraction ; rare earth elements ; drying-wetting cycles ; column flotation ; slimes ; collector ; phosphate mine tailings ; apatite ; purification ; REE-bearing phases ; weathered ore ; water washing ; depressant ; environment behavior ; experimental design ; interfering ions ; technological mineralogy ; red mud ; rare earth elements (REEs) ; waste management ; phosphate ore ; waste recycle ; natural radioactivity ; natural aggregates ; phosphate ; beneficiation ; beneficiation tailings ; road techniques wet process ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, “Advances in Environmental Applied Physics”, collected original papers from eminent researchers in the field of environmental pollutants, which constitute a health risk to the population, increasing the likelihood of incurring cancer.
    Keywords: natural radioactivity ; river sediments ; gamma spectroscopy ; radiological risks ; background radioactivity ; multivariate statistics ; flour ; natural and anthropogenic radioactivity ; heavy metals contamination ; mineral concentration ; high-purity germanium gamma spectrometry ; inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry ; inductively-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy ; effective dose ; ingestion ; radon exhalation ; equivalent dose rate ; car parking lots ; Monte Carlo simulation ; complex DNA damage ; double strand breaks ; ionizing radiation ; radiological incident ; radionuclide ; absorbed dose ; 137-caesium ; surface activity ; drinking water ; radioactivity ; uranium ; High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry ; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) ; baby food ; gamma spectrometry ; activity concentration ; radiological hazard ; cosmic rays ; ionization ; radiation ; atmosphere ; solar cycle ; flight level ; aviation ; pyroclastic products ; potentially toxic elements ; pollution ; Antarctica ; radiation detector ; neutron measurement ; portable monitoring system ; basalt aggregate for concrete ; radiological risk ; mineralogy ; HPGe γ-ray spectrometry ; heavy metals ; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ; X-ray diffraction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The increasing partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) is reducing surface ocean pH, a process known as ocean acidification (OA) This results in a reduced saturation of the seawater with respect to the CaCO3 polymorphs aragonite, high-Mg calcite, and low-Mg calcite that are involved in the biological formation of calcareous skeletons and shells. The effect of OA on calcium carbonate precipitation and the subsequent dissolution in carbonate depositional systems, such as coral reefs, is a hotly debated topic. While early studies suggested that certain carbonate-secreting organism groups may be strongly affected by OA or may even become extinct, others observed highly variable, species-specific responses to OA, whereby some taxa are negatively affected, some are positively affected, and others are unaffected. The collection of articles presented in this Special Issue presents ongoing research into the effects of OA on calcareous biomineralization while introducing some new questions and provocative hypotheses. The continued investigation of these concepts should advance our understanding of the mechanisms of biocalcification and improve predictions of how future CO2-induced changes in marine and freshwater systems will impact calcifying organisms, as well as the ecosystems they comprise, in the decades and centuries ahead.
    Keywords: biomineralization ; calcification ; Mytilus edulis ; Mytilus trossulus ; predator-prey interactions ; coral reefs ; coral recruits ; skeletal structure ; synchrotron phase contrast-enhanced microCT ; PCE-CT ; artificial intelligence ; ocean acidification ; n/a ; ocean warming ; echinoderm ; starfish ; mineralogy ; skeleton ; freshwater acidification ; freshwater calcifier ; carbon dioxide ; Lake Tahoe ; Caribbean ; coral ; pH regulation ; boron isotopes ; B/Ca ; carbon isotopes ; photosynthesis ; bleaching ; symbiont ; microelectrode ; global warming ; calcifying fluid ; scleractinian coral ; zooxanthellate photosymbiont ; phosphate ; nutrient limitation ; Archaean ; Proterozoic ; cyanobacteria ; calcareous algae ; coccolithophores ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, focusing on the value of mineralogical monitoring for the mining and minerals industry, should include detailed investigations and characterizations of minerals and ores of the following fields for ore and process control: Lithium ores—determination of lithium contents by XRD methods; Copper ores and their different mineralogy; Nickel lateritic ores; Iron ores and sinter; Bauxite and bauxite overburden; Heavy mineral sands. The value of quantitative mineralogical analysis, mainly by XRD methods, combined with other techniques for the evaluation of typical metal ores and other important minerals, will be shown and demonstrated for different minerals. The different steps of mineral processing and metal contents bound to different minerals will be included. Additionally, some processing steps, mineral enrichments, and optimization of mineral determinations using XRD will be demonstrated. Statistical methods for the treatment of a large set of XRD patterns of ores and mineral concentrates, as well as their value for the characterization of mineral concentrates and ores, will be demonstrated. Determinations of metal concentrations in minerals by different methods will be included, as well as the direct prediction of process parameters from raw XRD data.
    Keywords: barite ; mineralogy ; industrial application ; beneficiation ; specific gravity ; bauxite overburden ; Belterra Clay ; mineralogical quantification ; Rietveld analysis ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; mining ; mineralogical analysis ; bauxite ; available alumina ; reactive silica ; XRD ; PLSR ; lithium ; quantification ; clustering ; Rietveld ; cluster analysis ; spodumene ; petalite ; lepidolite ; triphylite ; zinnwaldite ; amblygonite ; chalcopyrite ; ore blending ; copper flotation ; nickel laterite ; ore sorting ; framboidal pyrite ; sulfide minerals ; flotation ; process mineralogy ; heavy minerals ; ilmenite ; titania slag ; rietveld ; Magneli phases ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue on Interdisciplinary Research for Cultural Heritage Conservation in Applied Sciences aims to bring together some of the latest researches in this field. A total of 10 papers focusing on different aspects of cultural heritage were published on the topics: rock art, mural paintings, stone monuments, stained-glass windows, environmental sensors, historic infrastructures, and analects of Confucius.
    Keywords: biodeterioration ; mural paintings ; bacteria ; fungi ; biocide ; environmental pH ; exhibition halls ; sensors ; museum ; preventive conservation ; cultural heritage ; ontology ; Confucianism ; The Analects of Confucius ; essential characteristics ; protégé ; sandstone weathering ; chemical weathering ; rock shelter ; rock art ; flashed glass ; multianalytical characterization ; chemical composition ; chromophores ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; thickness measurements ; green algae ; lichens ; Trebouxia aggregata ; black fungi ; bryophytes ; limestone ; mineralogy ; restoration ; Seville City Hall ; public works ; dams ; aqueducts ; siphon ; reservoir ; overall value ; heritage system ; network ; new uses ; petroglyphs ; Negev desert ; nanopore sequencing technology ; metagenomics ; analytical techniques ; cyanobacteria ; chlorophytes ; surface cleaning ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; grisaille ; recipe ; raw material ; conservation ; degradation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Chemische und optische Analysen von Amphibolen der Sesia-Lanzo-Zone, nordöstlich des Val d'Ossola, Norditalien, bezeugen fünf verschiedene Amphibol-Serien, die sich vier verschiedenen Metamorphose-Ereignissen zuordnen lassen. Sowohl eine hochtemperierte präalpine Generation als auch die beiden alpinen Generationen zeigen, anhand ihrer chemischen Entwicklung, von Südosten nach Nordwesten steigende metamorphe Bedingungen an. Obwohl in anderen Gebieten nachweisbar, läßt sich eine Hochdruckparagenese in dem bearbeiteten Gebiet nicht belegen.
    Description: Abstract: Chemical and optical analyses for amphiboles of the Sesia-Lanzo Zone NEof the Val d'Ossola, Northern Italy, reveal five different Ca-amphibole series of two Alpine and two pre-Alpine metamorphic episodes. At least the three youngest display prograde evolution from SE to NW. The early Alpine high pressure mineral paragenesis, which is typical for the Sesia-Lanzo Zone Southwest of the studied area, is appararently absent in this region.
    Description: research
    Keywords: ddc:551.9 ; Geochemie ; Metamorphose ; Amphibole ; Italien
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The main objectives of this book are (i) to investigate the electrochemical behavior and the analytical performance of a novel ultramicroelectrode array (UMEA); (ii) to assess the analytical parameters of square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric measurements (SWASV) using the UMEA; and (iii) to estimate the potential of the UMEA in developing decentralised analytical equipments for the determination of trace concentrations of heavy metals in natural waters. Surface analytical techniques (SEM, ESEM, and AFM) showed that the UMEA chips are of high quality in manufacture. Cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric experiments proved that the electrochemical behavior of the UMEA is dominated by the features characteristic for single microelectrodes.Chronocoulometry was found to be the most suitable method in generating the Hg-film of good quality. A new UMEA chip could be plated at least ten times, corresponding to about 500 measurements of trace metals in synthetic aqueous solutions. Using SWASV, detection limits of 〈0.1 ï¿g/l could be achieved for the metals (Pb, Cd). Precision and accuracy were found to be approx +/-10% of RSD.In natural waters, the results obtained with the UMEA sensor showed a reasonably good agreement with HR-ICP-MS analyses. Different experimental parameters were optimised and investigated. Interferences (e.g., DOC) were significantly reduced through medium exchange and standard addition. Ultrasonic bath proved to be very efficient in resurfacing electrodes in laboratory.The UMEA sensor shows a great potential in developing a portable trace metal analyzer. However, for in situ and on-site measurements, the protection of the UMEA sensor from fouling seems to be inevitable. In order to achieve a pure microelectrode behavior with the UMEA, increasing the ratio of interelectrode distance to electrode diameter is recommended for further developments.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Schwermetall ; Geochemie ; Chemischer Sensor ; Elektrochemischer Sensor ; Mikroelektrode ; Sensor ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Möglichkeit der Rekonstruktion prähistorischer Hochwasserereignisse am Oberrhein und an der Oberen Donau anhand von Änderungen in der geochemisch-mineralogischen sowie der granulometrischen Zusammensetzung von Auensedimenten. Das konkrete Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen Zusammenhang zwischen der geochemisch-mineralogischen sowie der granulometrischen Zusammensetzung der im Auenbereich abgelagerten Sedimente und der Höhe des herrschenden Abflusses nachzuweisen.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Rhein ; Geochemie ; Donau ; Granulometrie ; Hochwasserrekonstruktion ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: German
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