ALBERT

Note: Part 1: Recycling in context Chapter 1: Introduction Abstract 1.1: The Challenges 1.2: The Role of Materials in Society 1.3: From Linear to Circular Economy 1.4: Recycling in the Circular Economy 1.5: The Book References Chapter 2: The fundamental limits of circularity quantified by digital twinning Abstract 2.1: Introduction 2.2: A Product and Material Focus on Recycling Within the CE 2.3: Digital Twinning of the CE System: Understanding the Opportunities and Limits 2.4: Opportunities and Challenges References Chapter 3: Maps of the physical economy to inform sustainability strategies Abstract Acknowledgments 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Dimensions of MFA 3.3: Components for Monitoring the Physical Economy 3.4: Application of the Framework: Maps of the Aluminum Cycle 3.5: Recommendations References Chapter 4: Material efficiency—Squaring the circular economy: Recycling within a hierarchy of material management strategies Abstract 4.1: Is a Circular Economy Possible or Desirable? 4.2: Hierarchies of Material Conservation 4.3: When Is Recycling Not the Answer? 4.4: Discussion References Chapter 5: Material and product-centric recycling: design for recycling rules and digital methods Abstract Acknowledgements 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Recyclability Index and Ecolabeling of Products 5.3: DfR Rules and Guidelines 5.4: Product-Centric Recycling 5.5: Examples of Recycling System Simulation 5.6: Summary 5.7: Future Challenges References Additional Reading Chapter 6: Developments in collection of municipal waste Abstract 6.1: Introduction 6.2: Definitions and Models 6.3: A Global Picture of SWM 6.4: Collection and Recovery Systems 6.5: Future Developments 6.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 7: The path to inclusive recycling: Developing countries and the informal sector Abstract 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Definition and Links With the Formal Sector 7.3: Informal Waste Tire Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities 7.4: Approaches Towards Inclusive Recycling 7.5: Policies and Standardization Developments for Inclusive Recycling 7.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Part 2: Recycling from a product perspective Chapter 8: Physical separation Abstract 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Properties and Property Spaces 8.3: Breakage 8.4: Particle Size Classification 8.5: Gravity Separation 8.6: Flotation 8.7: Magnetic Separation 8.8: Eddy Current Separation 8.9: Electrostatic Separation 8.10: Sorting 8.11: Conclusion References Chapter 9: Sensor-based sorting Abstract 9.1: Mechanical Treatment of Waste 9.2: Principle of Sensor-Based Sorting 9.3: Requirements for Optimal Sorting Results 9.4: Available Sensors 9.5: Application of Different Sensors in Recycling 9.6: Recent Developments 9.7: Outlook References Chapter 10: Mixed bulky waste Abstract 10.1: Introduction 10.2: The Circular Process for Mixed Bulky Waste 10.3: Conditions for Economically Viable Sorting 10.4: Sorting of Mixed Bulky Waste 10.5: Sorting Process 10.6: Recycling Efficiency 10.7: Conclusion and Outlook Reference Chapter 11: Packaging Abstract 11.1: Introduction 11.2: Packaging Waste 11.3: Composition 11.4: Recovery and Recycling 11.5: Collection and Recovery Schemes 11.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 12: End-of-life vehicles Abstract 12.1: Introduction 12.2: Vehicle Composition 12.3: Recycling Chain 12.4: Recycling of Automotive parts 12.5: Recycling of Automotive Fluids 12.6: Automotive Shredder Residue 12.7: Future Developments and Outlook 12.8: Conclusions References Further Reading Chapter 13: Electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) Abstract 13.1: Introduction 13.2: Waste Characterization 13.3: Recycling Chain and Technologies 13.4: Future Developments 13.5: Conclusions References Chapter 14: Photovoltaic and wind energy equipment Abstract 14.1: Introduction 14.2: Wind Turbines 14.3: Photovoltaic Modules 14.4: Wind Turbine Recycling 14.5: PV Recycling 14.6: Future Developments 14.7: Key Issues and Challenges 14.8: Conclusions and Outlook References Chapter 15: Buildings Abstract 15.1: The Why: Buildings and Circularity 15.2: The How and Who: A Framework 15.3: The When: Shearing Layers 15.4: The What: Materials in Buildings 15.5: Improving Data on Materials 15.6: The How, Who, When, and What 15.7: Outlook References Chapter 16: Construction and demolition waste Abstract Acknowledgments 16.1: Introduction 16.2: C&D Waste Use 16.3: Recycling 16.4: Recycling Technologies and Practice 16.5: Future Developments 16.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 17: Industrial by-products Abstract 17.1: Waste, By-product, or Product? 17.2: Major By-products 17.3: Where and How to Use By-products 17.4: Technical and Environmental Requirements 17.5: Sustainability Aspects 17.6: Conclusions, Challenges, and Outlook References Chapter 18: Mine tailings Abstract 18.1: Introduction 18.2: Future Opportunities for Tailings Management 18.3: Main Drivers for Change 18.4: Emerging Technologies 18.5: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Part 3: Recycling from a material perspective Chapter 19: Steel Abstract 19.1: Introduction 19.2: Use Phase and Recycling Examples 19.3: Classification of Steel Scrap 19.4: Requirements for Scrap 19.5: Treatment Process 19.6: Steel Scrap Smelting Process 19.7: Steel 19.8: Alloy or Tramp Elements? 19.9: Purification of Scrap 19.10: Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 20: Aluminum Abstract 20.1: Introduction 20.2: Alloys and Their Recycling 20.3: Melt Loss 20.4: Used Beverage Can (UBC) Recycling 20.5: Wheel Recycling 20.6: Dross Processing 20.7: Purification and Refining 20.8: Future Trends and Challenges References Chapter 21: Copper Abstract 21.1: Sources of Copper Scrap 21.2: Smelting and Refining of Copper Scrap 21.3: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 22: Lead Abstract 22.1: Introduction 22.2: Material Use 22.3: The Lead-Acid Battery 22.4: Recycling Technologies 22.5: Future Developments 22.6: Key Issues and Challenges References Chapter 23: Zinc Abstract 23.1: Introduction 23.2: Recycling Technologies 23.3: Key Issues and Challenges References Chapter 24: Ferroalloy elements Abstract 24.1: Introduction 24.2: Use and Recycling 24.3: Recycling of Residues 24.4: Conclusion References Chapter 25: Precious and technology metals Abstract 25.1: Introduction 25.2: Applications 25.3: Scrap Types and Quantities 25.4: Recycling Technologies 25.5: Future Challenges 25.6: Conclusions and Outlook Further reading References Chapter 26: Concrete and aggregates Abstract Acknowledgment 26.1: Introduction 26.2: Waste Flows 26.3: Recovery Rates 26.4: Recycled Aggregate Concrete Applications 26.5: Concrete Recycling Technologies 26.6: Future Developments 26.7: Conclusion References Chapter 27: Cementitious binders incorporating residues Abstract 27.1: Introduction 27.2: Clinker Production: Process, and Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials 27.3: From Clinker to Cement: Residues in Blended Cements 27.4: Alternative Cements With Lower Environmental Footprint 27.5: Conclusions and Outlook References Chapter 28: Glass Abstract 28.1: Introduction 28.2: Types of Glass 28.3: Manufacturing 28.4: Recovery for Reuse and Recycling 28.5: Reuse 28.6: Closed-Loop Recycling 28.7: Open-Loop Recycling 28.8: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 29: Lumber Abstract 29.1: Introduction 29.2: Wood Material Uses 29.3: Postuse Wood Recovery for Recycling 29.4: Postuse Wood Recycling 29.5: Case Study Scenarios 29.6: Future Developments 29.7: Concluding Remarks References Chapter 30: Paper Abstract 30.1: Introduction 30.2: Collection and Utilization 30.3: Collection and Sorting Systems 30.4: Stock Preparation 30.5: Key Issues and Future Challenges References Further Reading Chapter 31: Plastic recycling Abstract 31.1: Introduction 31.2: Use 31.3: Recycling 31.4: Mechanical Recycling 31.5: Chemical Recycling 31.6: Impact of Recycling 31.7: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 32: Black rubber products Abstract 32.1: Introduction 32.2: Mechanical Rubber Go

Note: Inhalt Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage Vorwort zur ersten Auflage Physikalische Größen, Einheiten und Umrechnungsfaktoren Abkürzungen und vorkommende Symbole Erläuterungen zu den Karten mit der ökologischen Gliederung der Kontinente Teil A: Zonobiom VI: Temperierte nemorale Zone Europas 0 Einleitung 0.1 Allgemeines 0.2 Gliederung des Zonobioms VI und abgeleitete Biome in Europa 1 Klima 2 Böden 3 Produzenten 3.1 Subzonobiom (oc) der Atlantischen Heidegebiete 3.1.1 Die Heidevegetation Schottlands 3.1.2 Heiden im westlichen Mitteleuropa 3.2 Subzonobiom (eumi) der Mitteleuropäischen Vegetation 3.2.1 Die rationelle Forstwirtschaft 3.2.2 Die Erforschung der Vegetation Mitteleuropas 3.3 Subzonobiom (miru) der Laubwälder Osteuropas 3.4 Die Waldstatistik der ehemaligen USSR 4 Konsumenten / (Mathilde RAHMANN) 4.1 Allgemeines 4.2 Die zonale Verteilung der Zoomasse 4.2.1 Verteilung der Zoomasse warmblütiger Wirbeltiere in verschiedenen Zonobiomen der Subarktischen und Gemäßigten Zone 4.2.2 Verteilung der Zoomasse in den bodennahen Schichten und im Boden in Abhängigkeit von der Wärme/Wasser-Bilanz 4.2.3 Abhängigkeit der Zoomasse von der Wärme/Wasser-Bilanz in den Böden verschiedener Laubwaldtypen in der ehemaligen USSR 4.3 Die Bedeutung der Bodenorganismen 4.4 Das Klima im Boden 4.5 Die Bedeutung des Humus für den Boden 4.6 Besondere Merkmale der Bodenfauna und ihre Hauptvertreter 5 Destruenten 5.1 Destruenten im eigentlichen Sinne 6 Ökologische Untersuchungen und Ökosystemforschung 6.1 Anpassungen an eine kalte Jahreszeit 6.2 Kälteresistenz des krautigen Unterwuchses 6.3 Ökophysiologie der nemoralen Baumarten 6.4 Ökophysiologie der Krautschicht 6.5 Ökosysteme 6.5.1 Das Solling-Projekt 6.5.2 Andere Ökosystemforschungsergebnisse und -projekte 6.6 Faunistische und tierökologische Aspekte der Ökosysteme Mitteleuropäischer Laubwälder / (Mathilde RAHMANN) 6.6.1 Einleitung 6.6.2 Räumliche Untergliederung und Jahreszeitenwechsel in seiner Bedeutung für die Tierwelt des Laubwaldes 6.6.3 Faunistisch-ökologische Übersicht über die Tierwelt des Waldes 6.4.4 Aspekte der Nahrungsansprüche und damit im Zusammenhang stehende Besonderheiten der Fauna des Laubwaldes 6.6.5 Bodentiere (Edaphon) und periodische Bodenbewohner 6.6.6 Zusammenfassung der tierökologischen Aspekte hinsichtlich der Ernährung im Ökosystem des mitteleuropäischen Laubwaldes 7 Orobiom VI - Mittelgebirge und Nordrand der Alpen 7.1 Mitteleuropäische Mittelgebirge 7.1.1 Harz / (Helmut DALITZ) 7.1.2 Schwarzwald und Vogesen 7.2 Alpen (Nordrand) 7.2.1 Klima der Alpen 7.2.2 Böden der Alpen 7.2.3 Produzenten 7.2.3.1 Erforschung der Alpenvegetation 7.2.3.2 Die hochmontane Fichtenwaldstufe 7.2.3.3 Ökologische Untersuchungen zur Waldgrenzfrage 7.2.3.4 Zur Ökophysiologie von Pinus cembra an der Waldgrenze 7.2.3.5 Subalpine Stufe 7.2.3.6 Alpine Stufe 7.2.3.7 Nivale Stufe 7.3 Nordkarpaten 8 Pedobiome des ZB VI 8.1 Amphibiome und Helobiome der Flußauen 8.2 Halo- und Psammobiome an der Küste 9 Zono-Ökotone 9.1 Zono-Ökoton VI/VIII der boreo-nemoralen Laub-Nadel-Mischwälder 9.1.1 Allgemeine Übersicht 9.1.2 Der Urwald von Bialowiyesh 9.1.3 Andere Mischwälder 9.1.4 Kiefernwälder der Ukraine 9.1.5 Eichenreiche Kiefernwälder (Querceto-Pineta) 9.2 Zone-Ökoton VI/VII der Waldsteppe Osteuropas 10 Der Mensch im Zonobiom VI Teil B: Subzonobiom VII der semiariden Steppen Eurasiens 0 Allgemeines 0.1 Vorbemerkungen (Zonobiom VII) 0.2 Gliederung der Steppen 1 Klima 2 Böden 2.1 Zonale Steppen 2.2 Salzböden der südlichen Steppen und der Halbwüsten 3 Produzenten 3.1 Typische Wiesensteppen 3.2 Federgrassteppen 3.2.1 Pedobiome der Federgrassteppen 3.2.2 Anthropogene Eingriffe 3.3 Wermut-Federgrassteppen 3.4 Demutation der Pflanzendecke in den Steppen 3.5 Ökophysiologie der Steppenpflanzen 3.6 Periglaziale Steppenrelikte in Mitteleuropa 3.7 Westsibirische Steppen 3.8 Ostasiatische Steppen 3.8.1 Die Onon-Argun-Steppe 4 Konsumenten 5 Destruenten 6 Steppenökosysteme 7 Orobiome 7.1 Das Krimgebirge 7.2 Kaukasien, ein multizonales Gebirgssystem 7.3 Altaigebirge 8 Pedobiome der Steppenzone 8.1 Pods (Amphibiome) 8.2 Moore (Helobiome) 8.3 Salzwiesen (Halobiome) 8.4 Wasserpflanzengemeinschaften (Hydrobiome) 9 Zono-Ökoton VII/VIII in Sibirien 9.1 Klimatische Verhältnisse 9.2 Bodenverhältnisse 9.3 Floristische Verhältnisse 9.4 Ökologische Untersuchungen 9.5 Phytomasse der Kiefernbestände 9.6 Die natürliche Verjüngung der Kiefernwälder 10 Der Mensch im ZB VII der semiariden Steppen Teil C: Subzonobiom Vlla der ariden Halbwüsten und Wüsten in der Kaspischen Niederung und in Kazakhstan 0 Einleitung 0.1 Allgemeines 0.2 Gliederung 1 Klima 2 Böden 3 Produzenten 3.1 Vegetation der nördlichen Halbwüste der Kaspischen Niederung 3.2 Vegetation der südlichen Wüste der Kaspischen Niederung 3.3 Vegetation der Halbwüste in Kazakhstan 3.4 Ökobiomorphologische Untersuchungen 4 Konsumenten 5 Destruenten 6 Ökosystemforschung 6.1 Die Wüste nördlich und um den Aralsee (Aralkum) 6.2 Ökosysteme der Taukum-Wüste 7 Orobiome 8 Pedobiome 9 Der Mensch im Subzonobiom Vlla Teil D: Subzonobiom VII (rill) der ariden Wüsten Mittelasiens 0 Einleitung 0.1 Allgemeines 0.2 Gliederung Mittelasiens in Biome 1 Klima 2 Böden 3 Produzenten 3.1 Salzwüsten (Halobiome) 3.2 Takyre 3.3 Ephemeren-Wüste 3.4 Die Sandwüste der Zentralen Karakum 3.4.0 Allgemeines und Hydrographie der Karakum 3.4.1 Klima der Karakum 3.4.2 Böden der Karakum 3.4.3 Produzenten in der Karakum 3.4.4 Ökologische Untersuchungen an Einzelpflanzen 3.4.5 Die Biogeozöne und Synusien 3.4.5.1 Psammophyten-Biogeozön-Komplex 3.4.5.2 Takyr-Biogeozön-Komplexe der Karakum 3.4.5.3 Halophytenvegetation in der Karakum 3.4.6 Ökologische Gliederung der Karakum 4 Konsumenten 4.1 Allgemeines 4.2 Die Säugetiere im Schutzgebiet bei Repetek 4.3 Andere Wirbeltiergruppen in Schutzgebieten bei Repetek 4.4 Wirbellose des Schutzgebietes bei Repetek 4.5 Konsumenten in Ökosystemen Afghanistans 5 Destruenten 6 Ökosystemforschung 7 Orobiome Mittelasiens 7.1 Kopet-Dag-Gebirge 7.2 Hochgebirge des Tyen Shan und des Pamir-Alai-Systems 7.2.1 Aride Höhenstufenfolge des Talass-Alatau 7.2.2 Höhenstufenfolgen mit einer Nadelwaldstufe 7.2.3 Höhenstufenfolgen mit Laubwaldstufen 7.2.4 Wildobstfluren Mittelasiens 7.3 Höhenstufen der Nordabdachung des Hindukusch 7.4 Ökosystemforschung im Orobiom VII (rill) 7.5 Höhenstufen um den Issyk-Kul 7.6 Obergrenzen der Vegetation und ihre Ökologie im Orobiom Vll(rlll) 8 Die Waldstatistik 9 Pedobiome: Amphibiome der Auenwälder (Amudarya) 10 Zono-Ökoton zu den Wüsten Zentralasiens 11 Der Mensch in der Wüste in Kazakhstan und Mittelasien (sZB Vlla, sZB VII [rill]) Teil E: Subzonobiom VII (rill) der extrem ariden zentralasiatischen Wüsten 0 Allgemeines 1 Das Übergangsgebiet der Äußeren Mongolei (ohne Gobi) 2 Die Wüste Gobi 2.1 Übersicht 2.2 Ökologische Untersuchungen in der nördlichen Gobi 3 Peishan-Wüste 4 Tarimbecken und Takla-Makan-Wüste 5 Kansu-Korridor 6 Alashan-Wüste 7 Ordos-Wüste 8 Tsaidam-Becken 9 Fauna Zentralasiens Teil F: Extrem kalt-arides Subzonobiom VII (tlX) der Kälte- und Hochplateauwüsten Zentralasiens 0 Allgemeines zu den kalten Wüsten der asiatischen Hochgebirgsebenen 1 Tibet, ein riesiges Hochplateau 2 Pamir - eine ökologisch gut untersuchte Hochgebirgswüste 2.1 Allgemeine Gliederung 2.2 Ost-Pamir 2.2.1 Klima 2.2.2 Böden 2.2.3 Vegetation 2.2.4 Biologisch-Ökologische Untersuchungen im Pamir 2.2.4.1 Biologie der Pamirpflanzen 2.2.4.2 Zur Lichtökologie der Hochgebirgspflanzen 2.2.4.3 Wasserhaushalt der Pamirvegetation 2.2.4.4 Photosynthese und Produktionsanalysen 2.2.4.5 Produktiohswerte aus Hochgebirgswüsten 2.2.4.6 Landwirtschaftliche Nutzung der natürlichen Weiden 2.3 West-Pamir und Badakhshan 2.4 Die Gebirgsflora und die Modellierung der Gebirgsflorengenese 3 Der Mensch im sZB VII (tlX) Teil G: Zonobiom VIII der borealen Nadelwaldzone (Taiga) Eurosibiriens 0 Allgemeine Einführung 0.1 Einleitung 0.2 Gliederung des Zonobioms VIII (Taiga-Zonen) 1 Klima (Subzonobiome) 2 Zonale Böden 3 Produzenten 3.1 Die Flora 3.2 Die klimati

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction to the Handbook on Critical Political Economy and Public Policy 1 Christoph Scherrer, Ana Garcia and Joscha Wullweber PART I THEORIES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY WITH PUBLIC POLICY IMPLICATIONS 2 Plurality of political economy approaches to the global division of labor 20 Christoph Scherrer 3 The cultural political economy approach to public policy 36 Bob Jessop and Ngai-Ling Sum 4 Institutionalist, regulationist and dependency approaches to transition countries’ economic policies 49 Joachim Becker 5 COVID-19 and the gender dilemma: blind spots in both macroeconomics and feminist economics 65 Brigitte Young 6 Ordoliberalism’s advice for economic policymaking 80 Pavlos Roufos 7 What is neoliberal about new public management? 95 Sahil Jai Dutta, Samuel Knafo and Ian Lovering PART II METHODS 8 Historical-materialist policy analysis of climate change policies 110 Etienne Schneider, Alina Brad, Ulrich Brand, Mathias Krams and Valerie Lenikus 9 Beyond methodological Fordism: the case for incorporated comparisons 127 Alexander Gallas PART III ENVIRONMENT 10 Land grabbing, financialization and dispossession in the 21st century: new and old forms of land control in Latin America 144 Karina Kato and Sergio Leite 11 Extractive economies and public policies: critical perspectives from Latin America 159 Bruno Milanez and Ana Garcia 12 Ecological perspectives on sustainability in China 176 Lau Kin Chi 13 Looking south: megaprojects, borders and (in)mobilities 186 Ana Esther Ceceña and Sergio Prieto Díaz PART IV FINANCE 14 Challenges for monetary policies in the 21st century: financial crises and shadow banking 204 Joscha Wullweber 15 Governance of the eurozone in the face of transnational crises dynamics 219 Hans-Jürgen Bieling 16 Chinese capitalism and the global economic order: the impact of China’s rise on global economic regulation 232 Jenny Simon 17 Taming dollarization hysteresis: evidence from post-socialist countries 247 Ia Eradze PART V LABOUR 18 Global exploitation chains in agriculture 262 Praveen Jha and Paris Yeros 19 The development of labor policies in China: from passive revolution to eroding hegemony 279 Elaine Sio-ieng Hui 20 The political economy of minimum wage policies 293 Hansjörg Herr 21 Just transitions: a historical relations analysis 310 Dimitris Stevis PART VI TAXATION 22 Critical political economy of taxation 327 Hanna Lierse 23 Global tax governance 341 Matti Ylönen and Lauri Finér 24 Globalization, international tax policy and the OECD 356 Lyne Latulippe PART VII TRADE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 25 Postcolonial critique of economic development 374 Aram Ziai 26 Economic cycles and rural policies in the People’s Republic of China 387 Sit Tsui, Yan Xiaohui, He Zhixiong and Wen Tiejun 27 Trade and investment agreements from a critical international political economy perspective 402 Luciana Ghiotto 28 South Africa’s failed privatization, commercialization and deregulation of network infrastructure 413 Greg Ruiters and Patrick Bond PART VIII WELFARE 29 Care in global value chains 430 Christa Wichterich 30 The cultural political economy of housing policy in the era of the Islamist Justice and Development Party in Turkey 446 Ismail Doga Karatepe 31 The financialization of social policy: an overview 461 Lena Lavinas, Lucas Bressan, Pedro Rubin and Ana Carolina Cordilha 32 The political economy of global health and public policies 476 Jameson Martins and Deisy de Freitas Lima Ventura Index

Note: 1 Introduction: the geopolitics of the energy transition 1 Daniel Scholten PART I ENERGY GEOPOLITICS AND THE ENERGY TRANSITION 2 Geopolitics, geoeconomics and energy security in an age of transition towards renewables 20 David Criekemans 3 Energy systems – making energy services available 44 Aad Correljé 4 The political history of fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas in global perspective 67 Per Högselius 5 The facts and figures of the energy transition 84 Dolf Gielen and Francisco Boshell 6 US–China rivalry and its impact on the energy transformation: difficult cooperation fraught with dilemmas 107 Jacopo Maria Pepe, Julian Grinschgl, and Kirsten Westphal PART II TWO STEPS FORWARD, ONE STEP BACK: THE GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION 7 Transition to renewable energy and the reshaping of consumer–producer power relations 125 Kamila Pronińska 8 The geopolitics of energy transportation and carriers: from fossil fuels to electricity and hydrogen 141 Karen Smith Stegen, Julia Kusznir, and Cäcilia Riederer 9 Industrial competition – who is winning the renewable energy race? 158 Thomas Sattich and Stella Huang 10 Barrels, booms, and busts: the future of petrostates in a decarbonizing world 183 Thijs Van de Graaf 11 Critical materials – new dependencies and resource curse? 197 Emmanuel Hache, Gondia Sokhna Seck, Fernanda Guedes, and Charlene Barnet 12 Changing energy systems and markets from the ground up – citizens, cooperatives and cities 217 Colin Nolden 13 Exploring the geopolitical impacts of energy justice: an interdisciplinary research agenda 232 Christine Milchram and Morena Skalamera 14 The politics of sustainability: energy efficiency, carbon pricing, and the circular economy 247 Michaël Aklin and Patrick Bayer PART III NEW TECHNOLOGIES, NEW INTERDEPENDENCIES 15 Solar powers – renewables and sustainable development around the world or geostrategic competition? 264 Thomas Sattich, Stephen Agyare, and Oluf Langhelle 16 Wind energy – experiences with onshore and offshore projects 282 Yaroslava Marusyk 17 A new life for old giants: hydropower and geothermal 300 Victor R. Vasquez 18 The potential of biomass 334 Joana Portugal-Pereira, Francielle Carvalho, Régis Rathmann, Alexandre Szklo, Pedro Rochedo, and Roberto Schaeffer 19 Hydrogen as carbon-free energy carrier and commodity 351 Ad van Wijk 20 A new hope for nuclear? 372 Elina Brutschin PART IV RECALIBRATING ENERGY, INDUSTRY, FOREIGN, AND SECURITY POLICY 21 US defense strategy: forging an industrial orientation towards energy security and foreign policy 388 Amy Myers Jaffe 22 The EU’s external energy governance in the age of the energy transition 404 Marco Giuli and Sebastian Oberthür 23 China and the geopolitics of the energy transition 420 Duncan Freeman 24 The India story: ensuring energy access, security, justice, and sustainability for a fifth of humanity 431 Shuva Raha, Nandini Harihar, and Tulika Gupta 25 Energy transition dynamics in Southeast Asia 449 Muhamad Izham Abd Shukor, Nurjuanis Zara Zainuddin, and Noor Miza Razali 26 A renewable power in waiting? Australia’s changing energy geopolitics 468 Christian Downie 27 The global energy transition and Russian structural power: scenarios and strategic options 483 Filippos Proedrou 28 Geopolitical challenges of renewable energy adoption in MENA 498 Emre Hatipoglu, Aisha Al-Sarihi, and Brian Efird 29 Energy transformation and energy challenges in sub-Saharan African countries: a new paradigm for the 21st century? 513 Gondia Sokhna Seck, Emmanuel Hache, Edi Assoumou, and Rebecca Martin 30 Renewable energies in Latin America: resources, public policies, and geopolitics 535 Gonzalo Escribano, Lara Lázaro, and Eva Pardo Index 551

Note: Literaturverz. S. 265 - 280