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  • Books  (47)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (47)
  • 1976  (47)
  • AWI Archive  (47)
  • 11
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    Series available for loan
    Thickness and roughness variations of Arctic multiyear sea ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/18
    In: CRREL Report, 76-18
    Description / Table of Contents: Three surface elevation and ice thickness profiles obtained during the 1972 Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment on a multiyear ice floe were analyzed to obtain relationships between surface elevation, thickness and physical properties of the ice. It was found that for ice freeboards from 0.10 m to 1.05 m above sea level a linear relationship between ice density and freeboard could be postulated. The equation for the regression line is: Ice density = -194f' + 974 kg/cu m where f' is the ice freeboard plus snow depth in ice equivalent at the point in question. This statistical relationship is consistent with observed physical properties, which indicate that as the ice freeboard increases, ice salinity decreases and the higher freeboard or thicker ice therefore decreases in density. Using this variable density with freeboard relationship, a model was constructed to predict ice thickness, given ice freeboard and snow depth alone. This prediction is desirable, since snow depth and freeboard are relatively easy to obtain, whereas ice thickness can usually be obtained only by drilling through the ice. The model was compared with two other models. It was found that the variable density prediction model gave the best approximation to observed ice thickness, with a standard error between the measured and predicted value of about 0.4 m, compared with errors from 50 to 100% higher for the other two models.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 25 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-18
    URL: Abstract
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Previous work Results Models for predicting thickness from ice freeboard Comparison between measured and predicted thicknesses Spectral behavior of measured and predicted profiles Comparisons of ice thickness using airborne laser profilometry Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Misgivings on isostatic imbalance as a mechanism for sea ice cracking
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  • 12
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    The Arctic environment and the Arctic surface effect vehicle (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/1
    In: CRREL Report, 76-1
    Description / Table of Contents: This report summarizes the advances in understanding of the Arctic which have come about since the inception of the ARPA Arctic Surface Effect Vehicle Program in 1970, primarily as the result of CRREL’s participation. Major efforts to increase knowledge of sea ice, terrestrial, and coastal topographic features are described. Special empha­sis is placed upon the quantitative understanding of pressure ridging. Other areas of major interest are atmospheric characteristics and ecological effects. A list of publications generated is included.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 28 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-1
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6018
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Sea ice characteristics Ridging intensity Arctic terrain characteristics databank Digital terrain maps Digital laser profiles Standard terrain tapes Mobility analysis Terrestrial and coastal characteristics Northern Alaska Interior Alaska Arctic USSR Northern Canada and Greenland Climatological characteristics General features Surface winds Temperatures Precipitation and visibility Electromagnetic/optical propagation Ecological effects of SEV operations SK-5 tests Simulated SEV tests Conclusions Literature cited Additional CRREL SEV Bibliography
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  • 13
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    Series available for loan
    Survey of design criteria for harbors and channels in cold regions : an annotated bibliography (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/3
    In: CRREL Report, 76-3
    Description / Table of Contents: A world-wide review of the literature applicable to the design of harbors and channels in cold regions was conducted. Forces due to ice movement present the dominant factor in the design of marine structures in cold regions. Expressions for calculating the ice force are presented. Other factors relating to design criteria such as construction materials, structure geometry, and methods of ice suppression are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 32 Seiten
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-3
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA025225
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Series available for loan
    Water flow through veins in ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/6
    In: CRREL Report, 76-6
    Description / Table of Contents: Water flow through the vein structure of temperate ice is described as Darbian flow in which the pressure gradient is determined from vein size and overburden pressure. A solution method for the resulting equation is given and two special cases are considered. For steady flow the equilibrium vein size is a function of depth and, by neglecting the effects of diffusion, it is shown that flow perturbations introduced at the surface propagate downward at a constant speed.These perturbations propagate so slowly that even annual surface fluctuations of flow may be eliminated by diffusion before reaching the bottom of the glacie
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-6
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6136
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Series available for loan
    Site access for a subarctic research effort (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/9
    In: CRREL Report, 76-9
    Description / Table of Contents: Access to study areas may be an important factor in long-term field-oriented research, particularly in-regions without well-developed road and communications systems. In a wildland hydrometeorology research project in subarctic Alaska, access to and within a 40-square-mile research watershed has been developed both in accordance with a general plan prepared at project inception and in response to developing research requirements. Foot trails, trails for 'off-road' low-ground-pressure tracked vehicles, helicopter transport, long-term data recorders, and radio telemetry of data have all been incorporated in an access and communications system. Cost estimates indicate that incorporation of gravel roads into the system would be economically advantageous, given adequate funding for initial road construction.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 9 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-9
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026624
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S. customary and SI units Introduction Access within the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed Trail access Helicopter access Road access Alternative approaches Long-term recorders Telemetry systems Remote sensing Relative costs A desirable system Selected bibliography
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  • 16
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    Series available for loan
    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part II: Kinematics of axial rotation machines (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/16
    In: CRREL Report, 76-16
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines such as rotary drills, augers, tunnel boring machines, corers, and raise borers, in which the rotary cutting unit revolves about an axis that is parallel to the machine's direction of advance. The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting systems, including such topics as tool trajectories, tool speeds, motions of the more complicated mechanisms, chipping depth, penetration rates, production and clearance of cuttings, tool angles, and spatial distribution of cutters. Worked examples are given to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: ix, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-16
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/5413
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Terminology Trajectories of fixed tools Trajectories of roller cutters and indenters Speed of fixed cutting tools Speed of rolling disc cutters Speed and geometry of "wide" roller cutters Skidding rollers "Spiked" rollers Epicyclic or planetary mechanisms Chipping depth and penetration rate Chip production and cutting removal rate Balancing cutting and clearing rates in flight augers Tool relief angles - kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Distribution and spacing of cutting tools Radial tool spacing Angular tool spacing Spacing in the axial direction Literature cited
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  • 17
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    Series available for loan
    Apparent anomaly in freezing of ordinary water (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/20
    In: CRREL Report, 76-20
    Description / Table of Contents: Under ordinary conditions the freezing of water begins with supercooling and ice nucleation, and proceeds at 0°C at the ice/water interface until ice formation stops. The presence of solutes, high pressure, or dispersal in fine pores causes the water to freeze at temperatures below 0°C (the so-called freezing point depression). Whenever freezing begins, it pro­ceeds at a constant temperature, or at a temperature which becomes progressively lower. A temperature rise during ice formation is considered here to be an anomaly. Under all equal circumstances, the conditions under which an anomal­ous freezing temperature is observable appear to be very special. This report describes two different experiments dis­playing the anomalous rise of temperature after nucleation and during ice formation. In one case the water was dispersed in the fine pores of fine powders; in the other case pure water was frozen in a transparent insulated cell. Photographic observations were made; relations of ice surface to water volume were measured.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 23 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-20
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6198
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S.customary and SI units Introduction Materials, instruments, measurements Experiments with water freezing in fine pores Freezing experiments with bulk water Summary and conclusions Literature cited
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  • 18
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    Series available for loan
    Heat transfer characteristics of melting and refreezing a drill hole through an ice shelf in Antarctica (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/12
    In: CRREL Report, 76-12
    Description / Table of Contents: The heat transfer processes associated with melting and refreezing a drill hole 500 m in depth and 0.150 m in initial radius through an ice shelf were approximately analyzed. The results were expressed in graphical form showing the time available for experimentation under the hole as a function of heating duration and heating strength. It was found that the refreezing of the drill hole had a much slower rate than the melting of the hole.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 15 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-12
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA026368
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Nomenclature Introduction Analysis Melting period Freezing period Calculation Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Justification of using eq 8 for the calculation of heat transfer coefficient h
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  • 19
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    Winter thermal structure and ice conditions on Lake Champlain, Vermont (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/13
    In: CRREL Report, 76-13
    Description / Table of Contents: The thermal structure and ice conditions of Lake Champlain, a mid-latitude large lake, near Shelburne Point, Vermont, were studied during the winter of 1974-75. The lake was instrumented to a depth of 8.5 m with a string of highly calibrated thermistors, connected to a data logger on shore which recorded water temperatures every four hours. An ice mooring system was developed to anchor the thermistor string so that ice and water temperatures could be obtained at known levels. This temperature recording system measured vertical and horizontal variations in ice and water temperature regimes during ice formation, growth and decay. Meteorological data were measured during the winter period November 1974 through March 1975 at the site. Ice stratigraphy was determined for the ice at the site at its maximum seasonal growth for comparison with ice from St. Albans Bay (at the northern end of Lake Champlain) which had formed earlier. Correlations were determined between ice growth and accumulated degree days of freezing. The operation of a bubbler system installed near the measurement site around a service dock was observed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 22 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-13
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6133
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Climate Site selection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Installation of automatic water temperature recording system Visual observations and ice structure St. Albans Shelburne Analysis Temperature comparison Water temperature measuring system Changes in water temperature Wind Degree-days of freezing Prediction of ice formation Bubbler system Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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  • 20
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    Mechanics of cutting and boring; Part III: Kinematics of continuous belt machines (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/17
    In: CRREL Report, 76-17
    In: Mechanics of cutting and boring, (DE-B103)20210225152525
    Description / Table of Contents: This report, which is one of a series on the mechanics of cutting and boring in rock, deals with the kinematics of machines which utilize a continuous belt as the cutting unit (e.g. coal saws, shale saws, digger-chain trenchers). The discussion and analysis cover the geometry and motion of various components of the cutting system, including such topics as chipping depth, production and conveyance of cuttings, tool trajectories, tool speeds, tool angles, and arrangement of cutting tools on the belt. Worked examples are included to illustrate the application of various equations to practical problems
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: viii, 24 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-17
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/5414
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Foreword Introduction Terminology Chipping depth Production and conveyance of cuttings Tool trajectories Tool speeds Tool relief angles — kinematic considerations Tool rake angles Belt curvature, slackness and flexibility Tool layout Longitudinal tool spacing Transverse tool spacing Cross-section profiles of the kerf Literature cited
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