Signatur:
AWI G3-08-0013
;
13/M 13.0053
;
AWI G3-22-5374
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
The periglacial environment, Third Edition, provides an authoritative overview of the world's cold, non-glacial environments. Emphasis is placed upon the North American and Eurasian polar lowlands. Examples are also drawn from Antarctica, the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, and the northern mid-latitudes. [...] The Third Edition continues to be a personal interpretation of the frost-induced conditions, geomorphic processes, and landforms that typify periglacial environments. The text is divided into four parts. Part One discusses the periglacial concept and its interactions with geomorphology, geocryology and Quaternary science. It also outlines the range and variability of periglacial climates and the degree to which landscapes are in geomorphic equilibrium with prevailing periglacial conditions. Part Two describes present-day terrain that is either underlain by permafrost or experiencing intense frost action. The roles played by cryogenic weathering, ground ice, mass wasting, running water, wind action, snow and ice, and coastal processes are systematically analysed. Part Three summarizes evidence for the existence of periglacial conditions during the cold periods of the Pleistocene. Special reference is made to the mid-latitudes of Europe and North America. Part Four illustrates the geotechnical problems associated with human activity and resource development in periglacial environments, and discusses the potential impact of global climate change in the northern high latitudes.
Materialart:
Monographie ausleihbar
Seiten:
XVIII, 458 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
Ausgabe:
Third edition
ISBN:
9780470865897
Klassifikation:
Geographie und Geomorphologie
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Contents:
Preface to First Edition. -
Preface to Second Edition. -
Preface to Third Edition. -
Acknowledgments. -
Part I The Periglacial Domain. -
1 Introduction. -
1.1 The Periglacial Concept. -
1.2 Disciplinary Considerations. -
1.2.1 The Growth of Geocryology. -
1.2.2 The Changing Nature of Quaternary Science. -
1.2.3 Modern Periglacial Geomorphology. -
1.3 The Growth of Periglacial Knowledge. -
1.4 The Periglacial Domain. -
1.5 The Scope of Periglacial Geomorphology. -
1.5.1 Permafrost-Related Processes and Landforms. -
1.5.2 Azonal Processes and Landforms. -
1.5.3 Paleo-Environmental Reconstruction. -
1.5.4 Applied Periglacial Geomorphology. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
2 Periglacial Landscapes?. -
2.1 Introduction. -
2.2 Proglacial, Paraglacial or Periglacial?. -
2.3 Unglaciated Periglacial Terrain. -
2.3.1 Beaufort Plain, Northwest Banks Island, Arctic Canada. -
2.3.2 Barn Mountains, Northern Interior Yukon Territory, Canada. -
2.4 Relict Periglacial Landscapes. -
2.4.1 Chalk Uplands, Southern England and Northern France. -
2.4.2 Pine Barrens, Southern New Jersey, Eastern USA. -
2.5 Conclusions. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
3 Periglacial Climates. -
3.1 Boundary Conditions. -
3.2 Periglacial Climates. -
3.2.1 High Arctic Climates. -
3.2.2 Continental Climates. -
3.2.3 Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. -
3.2.4 Alpine Climates. -
3.2.5 Climates of Low Annual Temperature Range. -
3.2.6 Antarctica: A Special Case. -
3.3 Ground Climates. -
3.3.1 The n-Factor. -
3.3.2 The Thermal Offset. -
3.4 Periglacial Climates and the Cryosphere. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
Part II Present-Day Periglacial Environments. -
4 Cold-Climate Weathering. -
4.1 Introduction. -
4.2 Ground Freezing. -
4.2.1 The Freezing Process. -
4.2.2 Ice Segregation. -
4.2.3 The Frozen Fringe. -
4.2.4 Frost Heave. -
4.3 Freezing and Thawing. -
4.4 The Ground-Temperature Regime. -
4.4.1 The Seasonal Regime. -
4.4.2 Short-Term Fluctuations. -
4.5 Rock (Frost?) Shattering. -
4.5.1 Frost Action and Ice Segregation. -
4.5.2 Frost Weathering Models. -
4.5.3 Insolation Weathering and Thermal Shock. -
4.5.4 Discussion and Perspective. -
4.6 Chemical Weathering. -
4.6.1 General. -
4.6.2 Solution and Karstification. -
4.6.3 Salt Weathering. -
4.7 Cryogenic Weathering. -
4.8 Cryobiological Weathering. -
4.9 Cryopedology. -
4.9.1 Cryosols. -
4.9.2 Soil Micromorphology. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
5 Permafrost. -
5.1 Introduction. -
5.1.1 Definition. -
5.1.2 Moisture and Ice within Permafrost. -
5.2 Thermal and Physical Properties. -
5.2.1 The Geothermal Regime. -
5.2.2 Physical Properties. -
5.2.3 Thermal Properties. -
5.3 How Does Permafrost Aggrade?. -
5.3.1 General Principles. -
5.3.2 The Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment. -
5.4 Distribution of Permafrost. -
5.4.1 Latitudinal Permafrost. -
5.4.2 Alpine (Mountain) Permafrost. -
5.4.3 Montane Permafrost of Central Asia and China. -
5.5 Relict Permafrost. -
5.5.1 Sub-Sea Permafrost. -
5.5.2 Relict (Terrestrial) Permafrost. -
5.6 Permafrost Hydrology. -
5.6.1 Aquifers. -
5.6.2 Hydrochemistry. -
5.6.3 Groundwater Icings. -
5.7 Permafrost and Terrain Conditions. -
5.7.1 Relief and Aspect. -
5.7.2 Rock Type. -
5.7.3 Vegetation. -
5.7.4 Snow Cover. -
5.7.5 Fire. -
5.7.6 Lakes and Surface Water Bodies. -
5.8 The Active Layer. -
5.8.1 The Transient Layer. -
5.8.2 The Stefan Equation. -
5.8.3 Active-Layer Thermal Regime. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
6 Surface Features of Permafrost. -
6.1 Introduction. -
6.2 Thermal-Contraction-Crack Polygons. -
6.2.1 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Contraction. -
6.2.2 Ice, Sand, and Soil Wedges. -
6.2.3 Development of the Polygon Net. -
6.2.4 Polygon Morphology. -
6.2.5 Controls Over Cracking. -
6.2.6 Climatic Significance. -
6.3 Organic Terrain. -
6.3.1 Palsas. -
6.3.2 Peat Plateaus. -
6.4 Rock Glaciers. -
6.4.1 Creeping Permafrost. -
6.4.2 Types and Distribution. -
6.4.3 Origin. -
6.5 Frost Mounds. -
6.5.1 Perennial-Frost Mounds. -
6.5.2 Hydraulic (Open) System Pingos. -
6.5.3 Hydrostatic (Closed) System Pingos. -
6.5.4 Other Perennial-Frost Mounds. -
6.5.5 Seasonal-Frost Mounds. -
6.5.6 Hydrolaccoliths and Other Frost-Induced Mounds. -
6.6 Active-Layer Phenomena. -
6.6.1 Bedrock Heave. -
6.6.2 Needle Ice. -
6.6.3 Cryoturbation and Frost Heave. -
6.6.4 Frost Sorting. -
6.6.5 Patterned Ground. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
7 Ground lce. -
7.1 Introduction. -
7.2 Classification. -
7.2.1 Pore Ice. -
7.2.2 Segregated Ice. -
7.2.3 Intrusive Ice. -
7.2.4 Vein Ice. -
7.2.5 Other Types of Ice. -
7.3 Ice Distribution. -
7.3.1 Amounts. -
7.3.2 Distribution with Depth. -
7.3.3 Ice in Bedrock. -
7.3.4 Ice in Unconsolidated Sediments. -
7.4 Cryostratigraphy and Cryolithology. -
7.4.1 Cryostructures, Cryotextures, and Cryofacies. -
7.4.2 Epigenetic and Syngenetic Cryostructures. -
7.4.3 Thaw Unconformities. -
7.4.4 Ice Crystallography. -
7.4.5 Ice Geochemistry. -
7.4.6 Cryostratigraphy and Past Environments. -
7.5 Ice Wedges. -
7.5.1 Epigenetic Wedges. -
7.5.2 Syngenetic Wedges. -
7.5.3 Anti-Syngenetic Wedges. -
7.6 Massive Ice and Massive-Icy Bodies. -
7.6.1 Nature and Extent. -
7.6.2 Intra-Sedimental Ice. -
7.6.3 Buried Glacier Ice. -
7.6.4 Other Mechanisms. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
8 Thermokarst. -
8.1 Introduction. -
8.2 Causes of Thermokarst. -
8.2.1 General. -
8.2.2 Specific. -
8.3 Thaw-Related Processes. -
8.3.1 Thermokarst Subsidence. -
8.3.2 Thermal Erosion. -
8.3.3 Other Processes. -
8.4 Thermokarst Sediments and Structures. -
8.4.1 Involuted Sediments. -
8.4.2 Retrogressive-Thaw-Slumps and Debris-Flow Deposits. -
8.4.3 Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Composite-Wedge Casts. -
8.4.4 Ice, Silt, Sand, and Gravel Pseudomorphs. -
8.5 Ice-Wedge Thermokarst Relief. -
8.5.1 Low-Centered Polygons. -
8.5.2 High-Centered Polygons. -
8.5.3 Badland Thermokarst Relief. -
8.6 Thaw Lakes and Depressions. -
8.6.1 Morphology. -
8.6.2 Growth and Drainage. -
8.6.3 Oriented Thaw Lakes. -
8.7 Thermokarst-Affected Terrain. -
8.7.1 The Lowlands of Central and Northern Siberia. -
8.7.2 The Western North American Arctic. -
8.8 Human-Induced Thermokarst. -
8.8.1 Causes. -
8.8.2 Case Studies. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
9 Hillslope Processes and Slope Evolution. -
9.1 Introduction. -
9.2 Slope Morphology. -
9.2.1 The Free-Face Model. -
9.2.2 Rectilinear Debris-Mantled Slopes. -
9.2.3 Convexo-Concavo Debris-Mantled Slopes. -
9.2.4 Pediment-Like Slopes. -
9.2.5 Stepped Profiles. -
9.3 Mass Wasting. -
9.4 Slow Mass-Wasting Processes. -
9.4.1 Solifluction. -
9.4.2 Frost Creep. -
9.4.3 Gelifluction. -
9.4.4 Solifluction Deposits and Phenomena. -
9.5 Rapid Mass Wasting. -
9.5.1 Active-Layer-Detachment Slides. -
9.5.2 Debris Flows, Slushflows, and Avalanches. -
9.5.3 Rockfall. -
9.6 Slopewash. -
9.6.1 Snow-Bank Hydrology. -
9.6.2 Surface and Subsurface Wash. -
9.7 Frozen and Thawing Slopes. -
9.7.1 Permafrost Creep. -
9.7.2 Thermokarst and Thaw Consolidation. -
9.7.3 Stability of Thawing Slopes. -
9.8 Cold-Climate Slope Evolution. -
9.8.1 Cryoplanation. -
9.8.2 Slope Replacement and Richter Denudation Slopes. -
9.8.3 Rapidity of Profile Change. -
9.8.4 Summary. -
Advanced Reading. -
Discussion Topics. -
10 Azonal Processes and Landforms. -
10.1 Introduction. -
10.2 Fluvial Processes and Landforms. -
10.2.1 Major Rivers. -
10.2.2 Freeze-Up and Break-Up. -
10.2.3 Basin Hydrology. -
10.2.4 Sediment Flow, Surface Transport, and Denudation. -
10.2.5 Fluvio-Thermal Erosion. -
10.2.6 Channel Morphology. -
10.2.7 Valley Asymmetry. -
10.3 Eolian Processes and Sediments. -
10.3.1 Wind Abrasion. -
10.3.2 Wind Deflation. -
10.3.3 Niveo-Eolian Sediments. -
10.3.4 Loess-Like Silt. -
10.3.5 Sand Dunes and San
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