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  • 1
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Computer vision. ; Geographical Information System. ; Physical Geography. ; Computer Vision.
    Abstract: This book illustrates the first connection between the map user community and the developers of digital map processing technologies by providing several applications, challenges, and best practices in working with historical maps. After the introduction chapter, in this book, Chapter 2 presents a variety of existing applications of historical maps to demonstrate varying needs for processing historical maps in scientific studies (e.g., thousands of historical maps from a map series vs. a few historical maps from various publishers and with different cartographic styles). Chapter 2 also describes case studies introducing typical types of semi-automatic and automatic digital map processing technologies. The case studies showcase the strengths and weaknesses of semi-automatic and automatic approaches by testing them in a symbol recognition task on the same scanned map. Chapter 3 presents the technical challenges and trends in building a map processing, modeling, linking, and publishing framework. The framework will enable querying historical map collections as a unified and structured spatiotemporal source in which individual geographic phenomena (extracted from maps) are modeled (described) with semantic descriptions and linked to other data sources (e.g., DBpedia, a structured version of Wikipedia). Chapter 4 dives into the recent advancement in deep learning technologies and their applications on digital map processing. The chapter reviews existing deep learning models for their capabilities on geographic feature extraction from historical maps and compares different types of training strategies. A comprehensive experiment is described to compare different models and their performance. Historical maps are fascinating to look at and contain valuable retrospective place information difficult to find elsewhere. However, the full potential of historical maps has not been realized because the users of scanned historical maps and the developers of digital map processing technologies are from a wide range of disciplines and often work in silos. Each chapter in this book can be read individually, but the order of chapters in this book helps the reader to first understand the “product requirements” of a successful digital map processing system, then review the existing challenges and technologies, and finally follow the more recent trend of deep learning applications for processing historical maps. The primary audience for this book includes scientists and researchers whose work requires long-term historical geographic data as well as librarians. The secondary audience includes anyone who loves maps!
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 114 p. 76 illus., 75 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783319669083
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Geography,
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Geographical Information System. ; Physical Geography. ; Environmental Monitoring.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- The location of Sri Lanka in "One Belt And One Road -- National Geography -- Remote Sensing Analysis of Resources and Environment -- Remote Sensing Analysis of Socioeconomic Development.
    Abstract: This book presents a survey, dynamic monitoring and comprehensive analysis of Sri Lanka’s land, vegetation, surface water, ocean and other environmental resources, as well as its economic, transportation, urban, agricultural and tourism development. It offers readers accurate, systematic and comprehensive information on Sri Lanka’s ecological setting and socio-economic development. It also sheds light on policies for the protection of the environment and biodiversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 263 p. 314 illus., 312 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9789813346277
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Natural disasters. ; Environmental geography. ; Physical geography. ; Cartography. ; Earth sciences. ; Geographical Information System. ; Natural Hazards. ; Integrated Geography. ; Physical Geography. ; Cartography. ; Earth Sciences.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction to Spatial Modeling of Flood Risk and Hazard: Societal Implication -- Chapter 2. Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using Morphometric Techniques and GIS -- Chapter 3. Palaeohydrologic Estimates of Flood Discharge of Lower Ramganga River Catchment of Ganga Basin, India Using Slackwater Deposits -- Chapter 4. Flood Risk Zone Identification Using Ground Based Observation and Geospatial Technology -- Chapter 5. Dynamics River Networks and Determination of the Flood Potential in Lower Brahmaputra Valley Using Geoinfromatics -- Chapter 6. Flood Vulnerability Assessment Using AHP and Frequency Ratio Techniques -- Chapter 7. Application of Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for Flood Susceptibility Modelling -- Chapter 8. Flash Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS Based AHP Method -- Chapter 9. GIS Based Hydrological and Hydraulic Models to Forecast River Flood Risks and Proposition of Management Measures -- Chapter 10. Large Scale Human Intervention and Estimation of Flood Susceptibility Applying Frequency Ratio Model -- Chapter 11. Flood Induced Transport Infrastructural Losses in India: Regional Assessments -- Chapter 12. Rural-Urban Differential in Flood Vulnerability and Community Preparedness for Flood Management Strategies -- Chapter 13. Application of Geospatial Techniques for Urban Flood Management: A Review.
    Abstract: Floods and flash floods with hydro-meteorological and tropical cyclones are the some of the most devastating natural disasters causing massive damages to natural and man-made features. Flood hazards are a major threat to human life, properties (agricultural area, yield production, building and homes) and infrastructures (bridges, roads, railways, urban infrastructures, etc). Flood hazards susceptibility mapping (risk assessment) and modelling is an essential step for early warning systems, emergency services, prevention and mitigation of future environmental and social hazards and implementation of risk management strategies. Due to the lack of proper information, technology-based policies and strategies, mapping and modelling can often not be implemented to the best possible level. Geo-spatial techniques have enjoyed rising interest in recent decades among the earth environmental and social sciences research communities for their powerful ability to solve and understand various complex problems and develop novel approaches toward sustainable earth and human society. By linking geo-spatial computational intelligence techniques with societal and environmental-oriented problems, this book demonstrates geospatial technology approaches to data mining techniques, data analysis, modelling, risk assessment and visualization and management strategies in different aspects of flood hazards. We believe that a diverse group of academics, scientists, geographers, hydrologist, remote sensing and GIS expertise, environmentalists, meteorologists and computing experts with a common interest in geospatial sciences within the earth environmental sciences and humanistic and social sciences will find this book to be of great value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIX, 238 p. 120 illus., 110 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030945442
    Series Statement: GIScience and Geo-environmental Modelling,
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Human ecology Study and teaching. ; Human geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Physical Geography. ; Control, Robotics, Automation. ; Environmental Studies. ; Human Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Section 1 – sUAS Basics -- Introduction and outline for book – Konsoer, Leitner, Lewis -- Provide brief history of sUAS and the rapid technological advancements in recent years that have led to drone revolution and close range remote sensing -- Outline of book and intended uses as both a collection of specific research topics in geography and as a teaching tool -- Rules and Regulations for sUAS use in the United States (and/or globally, selected countries?) -- FAA regulations -- Essentials of proper and safe sUAS use -- sUAS Ethics and other considerations (privacy issues) -- Communicating Science with sUAS -- Section 2 – Applications in Human Geography -- Crime Geography (e.g., security, surveillance/monitoring, etc.) -- Sociocultural Geography (e.g., monitoring cultural resources) -- 3D Mapping -- Section 3 – Applications in Physical Geography -- Geomorphology -- Climatology -- Biogeography (e.g., precision agriculture, habitat monitoring, etc.) -- Section 4 – Applications in Interdisciplinary Research -- Environmental Geography (e.g., water quality, algae, land use changes) -- Mississippi River Delta Archaeological Mitigation (MRDAM) (e.g., geomorphology and archaeology – Konsoer et al) -- Disaster Science Management (e.g. search and rescue operations, damage assessment).
    Abstract: The use of small unoccupied aerial systems (sUAS) for acquiring close-range remotely sensed data has substantially increased in the past 5 years. A primary focus of early research was on physical systems and photogrammetric techniques. However, as sUAS technology continues to improve and more sophisticated payloads are utilized, such as lidar and multispectral cameras, applications have expanded to nearly all subdisciplines within Geography. This edited volume is intended to showcase the various ways in which sUAS are used in geographic research, including geomorphology, environmental and hazard monitoring, biogeography, and urban and sociocultural geography.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VI, 331 p. 1 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783031019760
    Series Statement: Geotechnologies and the Environment, 24
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Cogeneration of electric power and heat. ; Fossil fuels. ; Physical geography. ; Earth sciences. ; Signal processing. ; Computer vision. ; Geographical Information System. ; Fossil Fuel. ; Physical Geography. ; Earth Sciences. ; Digital and Analog Signal Processing. ; Computer Vision.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1-Electromagnetic spectral bands used for RS in HC exploration -- Chapter 2-Foundations of multi-spectral image processing -- Chapter 3-Surface elevation and surface texture from microwave radar -- Chapter 4-Surface cover from optical and thermal IR -- Chapter 5-Geomorphology and Mapping -- Chapter 6-Near-surface characteristics from optical, thermal IR and microwave radar -- Chapter 7-Basement depth and texture from radar distance anomalies -- Chapter 8-Mapping of temporal changes -- Chapter 9-Frontier exploration -- Chapter 10-Seismic planning, acquisition and data processing -- Chapter 11-Development and oilfield infrastructure planning -- Chapter 12-Geological analogs. .
    Abstract: This book provides insights into the benefits of using remote sensing data from a geoscientist's perspective, by integrating the data with the understanding of Earth's surface and subsurface. In 3 sections, the book takes a detailed look at what data explorationists use when they explore for hydrocarbon resources, assess different terrain types for planning and hazards and extract present-day geologic analogs for subsurface geologic settings. The book presents the usage of remote sensing data in exploration in a structured way by detecting individual geologic features as building blocks for complex geologic systems. This concept enables readers to build their own workflows for the assessment of complex geologic systems using various combinations of remote sensing data. Section 1 introduces readers to the foundations of remote sensing for exploration, covers various methods of image processing and studies different digital elevation and bathymetry models. Section 2 presents the concept of geomorphology as a means to integrate surface and subsurface data. Different aspects of rendering in 2D and 3D are explained and used for the interpretation and extraction of geologic features that are used in exploration. Section 3 addresses remote sensing for hydrocarbon exploration in detail, from geophysical data acquisition to development and infrastructure planning. The organization of this chapter follows an exploration workflow from regional to local modeling studying basin and petroleum system modeling as well as logistics planning of seismic surveys and near-surface modeling. Aspects of field development and infrastructure planning comprise multi-temporal and dynamic modeling. The section closes with a structured approach to extracting geologic analogs from interpreted remote sensing data. The book will be of interest to professionals and students working in exploration for hydrocarbons and water resources, as well as geoscientists and engineers using remote sensing for infrastructure planning, hazard assessment and dynamic environmental studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: LVII, 348 p. 8 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030733193
    Series Statement: Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry,
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Natural disasters. ; Landscape ecology. ; Physical geography. ; Geographical Information System. ; Natural Hazards. ; Landscape Ecology. ; Physical Geography.
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Preface -- Section-I : Land Use Land Cover Dynamics -- Section-II: Agriculture water Management.-Section III: Water Resources Assessment and Modelling -- Section IV: Natural Disasters -- Conclusions and Recommendations.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the application of geospatial technologies to study the land use land cover (LULC) dynamics, agricultural water management, water resources assessment and modeling, and studies on natural disasters. LULC dynamics is one of the major research themes for studying global environmental change using remote sensing data. The section on LULC dynamics covers the multi-variate criteria for land use and land cover classification and change assessment in the mountainous regions. Further, LULC change detection of the Tons river basin and LULC dynamics at decadal frequency are studied to derive adaptation and mitigation strategies. Landscape-level forest disturbance modeling, together with conservation implications, is also included. The watershed management approach is necessary for comprehensive management of land and water resources of any region, where studies on multi-criteria analysis for rainwater harvesting planning and its impact on land use land cover transformations in rain-fed areas using geospatial technologies are presented in this book. The book will be useful for academics, water practitioners, scientists, water managers, environmentalists, and administrators, NGOs, researchers, and students who are actively involved in the application of geospatial technologies in LULC studies, agricultural water management and hydrological modelling and natural disasters for addressing the challenges being posed by climate change while addressing issues of food and water securities .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: VIII, 621 p. 251 illus., 213 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022.
    ISBN: 9783030904791
    Series Statement: Water Science and Technology Library, 103
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Keywords: Geographic information systems. ; Physical geography. ; Geomorphology. ; Geographical Information System. ; Physical Geography. ; Geomorphology.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Earth’s Gravity Field and Some of its Properties -- Chapter 2. Elementary Potential Theory -- Chapter 3. Spherical Harmonics -- Chapter 4. Normal Gravity Field and Reference Earth Ellipsoid -- Chapter 5. Stokes’ Theory and Beyond -- Chapter 6. Gravity Reduction -- Chapter 7. Molodensky’s Theory and Beyond -- Chapter 8. Fundamentals of Computation and Determination -- Chapter 9. Flattening and Gravity Inside the Earth.
    Abstract: This textbook introduces physical geodesy. It treats the boundary-value theories of the discipline comprehensively, and provides insights to the theory of gravity reduction based on a spherical Earth model. This book is for students who wish to thoroughly understand the material and to expand their knowledge and skills in mathematics for more advanced study and research in this discipline. The details of mathematical derivations included are a useful asset for instructors and researchers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XXI, 501 p. 96 illus. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031233203
    Series Statement: Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment,
    DDC: 910.285
    Language: English
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