ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Part 1 Landscapes -- Mountain Landscapes and Watersheds of the Hindu-Kush Himalaya (HKH) and their Biogeography: A descriptive overview and introduction for 18 nations in the Anthropocene -- HKH in the global and climate context: Major weather systems, monsoon, Asian Brown Cloud (ABC) and global connections -- From the mountains and glaciers down to the rivers to the estuaries and oceans: A tale of 18 rivers -- HKH in the global and marine context: Major estuaries, 2 billion people and global food security -- A view from space on Poyang Lake: What we can already see and what it means -- Poyang Lake: A local view downstream from the Hindu Kush Himalaya. The Future of Biodiversity in the Changing Watersheds of Kashmir Himalaya, Pakistan: Conservation Challenges and Opportunities -- Towards a Landscape Perspective of Diseases in Plants: An Overview and Review of a Critical but Overlooked Ecology Issue in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region -- Change of Hindu Kush Himalaya region through photo monitoring -- Paper parks in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region -- Forestry Management in Nepal: An example and a review of growth & yield -- Part 2 Concepts, Cultures, Religions and the Mind -- What it is like to be a land-locked nation: Examples from Nepal and Bhutan -- Ethnobiology and indigenous regimes in the conservation of species, watersheds, and landscapes: Experiences and evidences from the Hindu Kush-Himalayan nations for a global application -- Spirituality beats it all: A quick overview, self-organization and great value of (indigenous) religions: 2,000 years later -- The terror of your mind: Fear, Anxiety, inherent Chaos and Self-doubt in Himalaya expeditions and research -- Part 3 Real-world Policy, Conservation Management of Wildlife, Habitat, and Biodiversity Data -- The relevance and role of Mid-elevation for conservation in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: A Nepal example -- Nature and landscape governance in royal times: Experiences from the Shah and Rana regimes in Nepal re-assembled from literature and interview data -- Urban Ecology in shops and housing: An example of culture, religion and how (nesting) Barn Swallows, House and Tree Swallows create for a lively human-wildlife link at the commercial interface -- Pallas’s Cat in Annapurna, Nepal: What we know thus far and what is to come -- Status of otters in Nepal: A link with ancient waterways and people -- Wildlife Diplomacy and Gifting in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region: A chronological history and opinion of Nepalese literates -- Birds of Nepal: their status and conservation especially with regards to watershed perspectives -- A governance analysis of the snow leopard, its habitat and data: Who owns charismatic animals and who drives and uses the agenda for what?- The Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP): Towards a success story in landscape feature and watershed conservation management -- The forgotten species and their data: Museums in Nepal and examples -- A rather short story of the GIS data layers in HKH -- A pollination, insect and IUCN view: Ecological Services matter the most -- Sarus Cranes and Stork species hotspots from geo-referenced rapid assessments in Lumbini: Holy species and religious attitudes drive entire ecological communities and services for the benefit of a nation -- Part 4 Very Serious Problems in the HKH nations -- A ‘global change’ eulogy, sermons and obituaries: Everest, the models, the reality, the governmental mis-behavior, associated institutional terror and the global abuse of the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region -- The gods are angry: A first-hand account and an experience of the earthquake in hindsight -- Hydrodams: Death by over 500 cuts and blockages virtually build without Impact Assessment -- Hydrodams again: Lost Dolphins, expensive Gharials, cut Fish migration, and energy for non-sustainable mining and societies abroad fueling non-democratric governance and industry -- Persistent evidence for a dramatic decline in Langurs in Nepal, and likely elsewhere, too -- Snow Leopards in 2100?- The fate of the great woodpeckers and hornbills in Nepal: No big trees, no life -- Poaching and illegal Trade of Wildlife: What do the media say for the Nepali-Chinese and Nepali-Indian border?- Looking at Road and Railroad Development Data in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya: Rock-solid impacts created by Globalization, The World Bank and its affiliates, as well as by the Great Himalaya Trail -- Why do some many Nepalis, medical doctors, CEOs and Hedge Fund Managers get sick or die on Everest (Sagarmatha, Chomolungma) ? A review and indicators that capitalism went awful while searching human dignity and itself -- Part 5 A fresh look and successful templates for HKH: Business as usual is dead -- Small and effective NGOs as a role model for bigger success: The Global Primate Network (now ‘Third Pole Conservancy’) -- When Micro drives the Macro: A fresh look at disease and their massive contributions in the Himalaya -- What Mining has in stock down river for Mongolia and beyond: A personal assessment of watersheds and rivers -- Good Citizen Science experience downstream of Everest: The Koshi Birding Club -- Citizen Science experience: Green Youth Club promoting Cranes in Lumbini region -- When governments cannot do it anymore and capitalism, neoliberal policies and globalization get imposed without democracy: Self-organization beyond E. Ostrom -- Quo Vadis the Hindu Kush-Himalaya Realistic Sustainable Development horror scenarios while climate change, human increase and global conservation decay rise further?- Index. .

Description / Table of Contents: The Physical Template of Landscapes -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Gradient Analysis -- 1.2.1. Gradient Complexes -- 1.3. The Water Balance -- 1.3.1. A Simple Model: PET = AET + Deficit -- 1.4. Estimating Elements of the Template -- 1.4.1. Temperature -- 1.4.2. Radiation -- 1.4.3. Precipitation -- 1.4.4. Soils -- 1.5. Case Study: the Sierra Nevada -- 1.5.1. The Physical Template of the Sierra Nevada -- 1.6. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Biotic Processes as Agents of Pattern -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. The “Pattern and Process” Paradigm -- 2.3. Coupling of Demographic Processes -- 2.4. Interaction with the Physical Template -- 2.4.1. Coupling Demography and the Physical Template -- 2.4.2. Competition along Environmental Gradients -- 2.4.3. Illustration: Gradient Response in the Sierra Nevada -- 2.4.4. The Unit Pattern Revisited -- 2.5. Dispersal as an Agent of Pattern -- 2.6. Animals, Pests, and Pathogens -- 2.6.1. Animals, Pests and Pathogens as Subtle Agents -- 2.6.2. Animals as Dramatic Agents -- 2.7. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Disturbances and Disturbance Regimes -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.1.1 Context and Definitions -- 3.2. Perspectives and Lessons -- 3.2.1. Are Disturbances “Part of the System”? -- 3.2.2. Interactions, Synergies, and Indirect Effects -- 3.2.3. Disturbances and Positive Feedbacks -- 3.2.4. Overlapping Disturbances and Legacies -- 3.2.5. Heterogeneity in Disturbance and Response -- 3.3. Disaggregating Disturbance toward Generality. 3.3.1 A Not-too-General Model -- 3.3.2. The Fire Regime in the Sierra Nevada -- 3.4. Characteristic Dynamics -- 3.5. Humans and Disturbance Regimes -- 3.5.1. Human Impacts on Natural Disturbances - 3.5.2. Novel Disturbance Regimes -- 3.5.3 Human Perception and Landscape Change -- 3.6. Agents of Pattern: Reprise -- 3.7. Summary and Conclusions -- References 78 -- 4. Scale and Scaling - 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. The Importance of Scale in Ecology -- 4.2.1. Observational Scale as a Filter on Nature -- 4.2.2. Characteristic Scaling -- 4.2.3. Sampling Grain and Extent, and Statistical Behavior -- 4.3. Scaling Techniques -- 4.3.1. Scaling Techniques for Geostatistical Data -- 4.3.2. Illustration: Scaling of the Sierran Physical Template -- 4.4. Tactical Scaling -- 4.4.1. Tactical Targeting of Sampling Scale(s) -- 4.4.2. Avoid or Embrace Space? -- 4.5. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 5. Inferences on Landscape Pattern -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Patchiness and Patches -- 5.2.1. Patch Definition -- 5.3. Landscape Pattern Metrics -- 5.3.1. Levels of Analysis -- 5.3.2. Components of Pattern -- 5.3.2 Correlation and Redundancy -- 5.3.4. Alternative Framings for Landscape Pattern -- 5.4. Interpreting Landscape Metrics -- 5.4.1. Neutral Models and Neutral Landscapes -- 5.4.2. Neutral Templates for Landscape Processes -- 5.4.3. Extending Neutral Models: Agents of Pattern -- 5.5. Explanatory Models and Inferences -- 5.5.1. Approaches to Inferences on Pattern -- 5.5.2. Illustrations -- 5.5. Explanatory Models and Inferences -- -- 5.5.1. Approaches to Inferences on Pattern -- 5.5.2. Illustrations -- 5.5.3. Inferences on Pattern: Area versus Configuration -- 5.5.4 Inferences on Pattern: the State-of-the-Art -- 5.6. Summary and Conclusions. References -- Implications of Pattern: Metapopulations -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Metapopulations in Theory -- 6.2.1. The Levins Model -- 6.2.2. The Spreading-of-Risk Model -- 6.2.3. The Source-Sink Model -- 6.2.4. The Incidence Function Model -- 6.2.5. Commonalities among Metapopulation Models -- 6.2.6. Characteristic Behaviors of (Model) Metapopulations -- 6.3. Metapopulations in Practice -- 6.3.1. Are there Real Metapopulations in Nature? -- 6.3.2. Macroscopic Approaches to Metapopulations -- 6.4. Network Models of Metapopulations -- 6.4.1. Graphs and Metapopulations -- 6.5. Metapopulations and Connectivity Conservation -- 6.5.1. Structural and Functional Connectivity -- 6.5.2. Metapopulations and Landscape Genetics -- 6.6. A Model Template for Applications -- 6.7. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Supplement 6.1. Details on the Metapopulation Models -- S6.1.1. The Levins Model -- S6.1.2. The Spreading-of-Risk Model -- S6.2.3. The Source-Sink Model -- S6.2.4. The Incidence Function Model -- S6.2.5. Notes on the Individual-based Simulators Metapop1 -- Communities and Patterns of Biodiversity -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Island Biogeography and Landscapes -- 7.2.1. Area and Isolation Effects -- 7.2.2. Island Biogeographic Theory and the SLOSS Debate -- 7.2.3. A Diversity of Diversities -- 7.3. Perspectives on Metacommunities -- 7.3.1. A General Framing -- 7.3.2. Inferences and Limits to Inference -- 7.4. Approaches and Lines of Evidence -- 7.4.1. The Incidence Matrix and Community Assembly -- 7.4.2. Metacommunity Models: Variations on a Theme -- 7.4.3. Species Distribution Models -- 7.4.4. Multvariate Approaches to Partitioning Beta-diversity -- 7.4.5. Lines of Evidence and Complementary Analyses -- 7.5. Illustration: Sierran Forests -- 7.5.1. The Perspective of Ordination and Gradient Analysis -- 7.5.2. Partitioning Beta-diversity -- 7.6. Managing Metacommunities -- 7.7. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Supplement 7.1. Disciplinary Approaches (Details) -- S7.1.1. Incidence Matrices and Community Assembly -- S7.1.2. Metacommunity Models: Variations -- S7.1.3. Species Distribution Models -- S7.1.4. Ordination Techniques -- IImplications of Pattern for Ecosystems -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Spatial Heterogeneity and Ecosystems -- 8.2.1. Spatial Heterogeneity in the Physical Template -- 8.2.2. Lateral Fluxes on Landscapes -- 8.2.3. Landform and Landscape Processes -- 8.2.4. Ecosystem Processes and Positive Feedbacks -- 8.2.5. Ecosystems are both Fast and Slow -- 8.3. Ecosystems and Landscape Legacies -- 8.4. Patch Juxtaposition and Edge Effects -- 8.4.1. Edge Effects, Revisited -- 8.4.2. Edges and Ecosystem Processes: Forest Carbon -- 8.5. Ecosystems and Meta-ecosystems -- 8.5.1. Couplings between Systems -- 8.5.2. Meta-ecosystems, Revisited -- 8.5.3. Implications of Meta-ecosystem Structure -- 8.6. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Urban Landscapes -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Social-Environmental Systems -- 9.2.1. Approaches to Studying Cities -- 9.3. Agents and Implications of Pattern -- 9.3.1. Agents of Pattern -- 9.3.2. Scale and Pattern -- 9.3.3. Implications of Pattern -- 9.3.4. Revisiting the Agents-and-Implications Framing -- 9.4. Urban Landscapes as Laboratories -- 9.4.1. The Urban Stream Syndrome -- 9.4.2. Cities as Mesocosms for Global Change -- 9.5. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 10. Climate Change: Adapting for Resilience -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2. Framing Adaptation -- 10.2.1. Components of Climate Change -- 10.2.2. The Perspective of Risk Management -- 10.2.3. Options for Response and Adaptation -- 10.2.4. Resilience Planning: the Tasks at Hand -- 10.3. Approaches to Adaptation Planning -- 10.3.1. Levels of Activity and Currency of Assessments -- 10.3.2. Elements of Adaptation -- 10.3.3. A Template for Applications -- 10.4. Illustrations of Approaches -- 10.4.1. NatureServe’s HCCVI -- 10.4.2. Species Range Shifts implied by Climate Change -- 10.4.3. TNC’s Resilient Landscapes Initiative -- 10.4.4. The ACT Framework -- 10.4.5. Complementarity of Approaches -- 10.5. Collateral Benefits and Leverage -- 10.5.1. Adaptation Planning and Conservation Practice -- 10.5.2. Collateral Benefits -- 10.5.3. Adaptation and Mitigation -- 10.6. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index.. .

Description / Table of Contents: Flowering phenology in a restinga community: seven years of study -- Dioecy: the dimorphic sexual system and pollination in restinga vegetation -- Male and female sterility in flowering plants -- Broad-scale variation of phytoplankton richness in Brazilian inland waters -- The Importance of Palynology to Taxonomy -- Ecological Palynology -- Scientific Exploration Commission (1859-1861): Freire Allemão and the invisible network of collaborators -- The former Imperial Plant Nursery of Quinta da Boa Vista -- Medicinal plants used in Quilombola communities in Piranga, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil -- From mulungu to mamulengo”: The sharing of knowledge among teachers, academic researchers and mamulengueiros (traditional puppeteers) in a participatory workshop -- Biocultural heritage through museological narrative as a way of return on research in historical ethnobotany -- Conclusion of the reflections on Aspects of Brazilian Floristic Diversity: From Botany to Traditional Communities.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Melastomataceae diversity and distribution -- 2. History of Classification of the Melastomataceae -- 3. General morphology and terminology -- 4. Historical biogeography of Melastomataceae -- 5. An overview of Melastomataceae classification and phylogenetics -- 6. Revisiting character evolution in the Myrtales and its bearing on classification: Should the circumscription of Melastomataceae include the “memecyloids”? -- 7. Systematics of Kibessieae -- 8. Systematics of Astronieae -- 9. Phylogeny and systematics of Henrietteeae -- 10. The tribe Miconieae: many genera or one genus? -- 11. Systematics and taxonomy of the Merianieae -- 12. Systematics of Bertolonieae and Trioleneae -- 13. Systematics of Blakeeae -- 14. The tribe Cyphostyleae; exceptions that prove the rules -- 15. Systematics of Sonerileae and Dissocheteae: creating order out of chaos -- 16. Systematics of Cambessedesieae -- 17. Systematics of Rhexieae -- 18. Systematics of Microlicieae -- 19. Systematic studies in the Neotropical tribe Marcetieae -- 20. Melastomateae: a review on the taxonomic history- morphology- molecular phylogeny and biogeography -- 21. Comparative floral ontogeny of Melastomataceae -- 22. Seed morphological features in Melastomataceae -- 23. Patterns of Chromosome Number Diversity and Evolution in the Melastomataceae -- 24. Apomixis in Melastomataceae: Diversity of developmental mechanisms and ecological consequences -- 25. Pollination syndromes and flower diversification in Melastomataceae -- 26. Stamen diversity in Melastomataceae: morphology- color and function -- 27. Patterns of diversification of Miconia (Miconieae) in the Greater and Lesser Antilles -- 28. Colonization by Melastomataceae and its diversification in the Atlantic Forest -- 29. A review of the paleobotanical record of Melastomataceae -- 30. Shapes of species responses to soil fertility in lowland Amazonian Melastomataceae -- 31. Seed germination ecology in Neotropical Melastomataceae -- 32. Seed dispersal ecology in Neotropical Melastomataceae -- 33. Myrmecophytism in the Melastomataceae -- 34. How non-native invasive Melastomataceae inform a greater understanding of the biology and genetics of the family -- Conclusions.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Introduction -- Part II. Philosophy and Concepts of Experimentation -- Part III. Approaches to Experimentation -- Part IV. Conclusion -- Part V. Resources. .

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Mycotoxins and Their Producers: Diversity, Side Effects and Control -- Chapter 2. Seed-Borne Mycoflora and Their Management -- Chapter 3. Rhizosphere Mycobiome: Roles, Diversity, and Dynamics -- Chapter 4. Phyllosphere Mycobiome: Diversity and Function -- Chapter 5. Plant Mycobiome in Sustainable Agriculture -- Chapter 6. Plant-Fungus Interactions in Rust Diseases -- Chapter 7. Rust Haustoria -- Chapter 8. Recent Advancement in Fungal Biocontrol Agents -- Chapter 9. New Perspectives on Fungal Siderophores -- Chapter 10. Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles Mediated by Fungi -- Chapter 11. Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi for Growth Improvement and Resistance Induction -- Chapter 12. An Insight into Fungi in Forest Ecosystems -- Chapter 13. Recent Progress on Fungal Enzymes -- Chapter 14. Endophytic Fungi as Sources of Novel Natural Compounds -- Chapter 15. Symbiotic Relationships with Fungi: From Mutualism to Parasitism -- Chapter 15. Symbiotic Relationships with Fungi: From Mutualism to Parasitism -- Chapter 16. Roles and Benefits of Mycorrhiza -- Chapter 17. Mycorrhizal Networks: A Secret Interplant Communication System -- Chapter 18. Impacts of Climate Change on Plant Mycobiome. .

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter. 1. Introduction to Phytosequestration - Strategies for Mitigation of Aerial Carbon Dioxide and Aquatic Nutrient Pollution -- Chapter. 2. Global Climate: Chronological Perspective -- Chapter. 3. Sources and Monitoring Tools of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide -- Chapter. 4. Global Warming: Impacts of Temperature Escalation -- Chapter. 5. Carbon Capture and Storage -- Chapter. 6. Future Climate through the Window of Climate Models -- Chapter. 7. Societal Responses to Anthropogenic Climate Change -- Chapter. 8. Monitoring of Nutrient Pollution in Water -- Chapter. 9. Impacts of Nutrient Pollution -- Chapter. 10. Phytomediation of Nuisance Pollution.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Hulun Buir Steppe floristic features and vegetation classification -- Chapter 2. The atlas of main communities on the Hulun Buir Steppe -- Chapter 3. The atlas of main rangeland plants on the Hulun Buir Steppe.

Description / Table of Contents: 1 -- Introduction to landscape ecology -- 2. Theories and models incorporated in the landscape ecology framework -- 3 Scaling patterns and processes across landscapes -- 4 Emerging processes in the landscape -- 5 Emerging patterns in the landscape -- 6 Principles of landscape dynamics -- 7 Principles for landscape conservation, management and design -- 8 Principles of soundscape ecology. - 9 Landscape economics and ecosystem services -- 10 Social dimension of the landscape -- 11 Sustainable landscapes -- 12 Climate changes across landscapes -- 13 Methods in landscape ecology. - 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Metrics in landscape ecology -- 13.3 The fractal geometry approach -- 13.4 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) -- 13.5 Remote sensing in landscape ecology -- 13.6 Global Positioning Systems (GPS) -- 13.7 Spatially Explicit Population Models (SEPM) to describe population patterns in a landscape.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Definition of sustainable city and public spaces -- Landscape study and methodology -- Botanic for landscapists -- Peruvian gardens -- Park typology and legislation -- Environmental problems -- Urban ecology -- Ecological Restoration.