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  • Artikel  (414.512)
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (414.512)
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  • Informatik  (53.926)
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  • Artikel  (414.512)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GDKAT: A goal-driven knowledge acquisition tool for knowledge base development (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: While knowledge-based systems are being used extensively to assist in making decisions, a critical factor that affects their performance and reliability is the quantity and quality of the knowledge bases. Knowledge acquisition requires the design and development of an in-depth comprehension of knowledge modeling and of applicable domain. Many knowledge acquisition tools have been developed to support knowledge base development. However, a weakness that is revealed in these tools is the domain-dependent and complex acquisition process. Domain dependence limits the applicable areas and the complex acquisition process makes the tool difficult to use. In this paper, we present a goal-driven knowledge acquisition tool (GDKAT) that helps elicit and store experts’ declarative and procedural knowledge in knowledge bases for a user-defined domain. The designed tool is implemented using the object-oriented design methodology under C++ Windows environment. An example that is used to demonstrate the GDKAT is also delineated. While the application domain for the example presented is reflow soldering in surface mount printed circuit board assembly, the GDKAT can be used to develop knowledge bases for other domains also.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00131
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A connectionist inference model for pattern-directed knowledge representation (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper we propose a connectionist model for variable binding. The model is topology dependent on the graph it builds based on the predicates available. The irregular connections between perceptron-like assemblies facilitate forward and backward chaining. The model treats the symbolic data as a sequence and represents the training set as a partially connected network using basic set and graph theory to form the internal representation. Inference is achieved by opportunistic reasoning via the bidirectional connections. Consequently, such activity stabilizes to a multigraph. This multigraph is composed of isomorphic subgraphs which all represent solutions to the query made. Such a model has a number of advantages over other methods in that irrelevant connections are avoided by superimposing positionally dependent sub-structures that are identical, variable binding can be encoded and multiple solutions can be extracted simultaneously. The model also has the ability to adapt its existing architecture when presented with new clauses and therefore add new relationships/rules to the model explicitly; this is done by some partial retraining of the network due to the superimposition properties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00132
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00133
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diary (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00134
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial: Symbol processing in connectionist systems (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00122
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A connectionist production system which can perform both modus ponens and modus tollens simultaneously (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Modus ponens is used in forward inference and backward inference, where the truth of the conclusion is inferred from the truth of the premise. In modus tollens, the falseness of the premise is inferred from the falseness of the conclusion. Although modus ponens is used in general connectionist production systems, modus tollens is rarely used, except in Quinlan’s proposed INFERNO system and in the system proposed by Thornber. A connectionist production system called ConnPS that can perform both modus ponens and modus tollens simultaneously is described. Compared to the INFERNO system, one of the advantages of ConnPS is its supervised learning ability. The rules and examples given as external knowledge are often erroneous and incomplete. In ConnPS, these rules can be refined by using the supervised learning. Both positive and negative examples are presented to ConnPS, onto which the external rules and observations are mapped. Moreover, ConnPS’s implementations of implications, conjunctions, disjunctions and negation are intuitively consistent with Boolean logic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00123
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Connectionist symbolic rule encoding using a generalized phase-locking mechanism (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes a connectionist inference architecture which performs standard symbolic inference on a subclass of first-order predicate calculus. This work first involves constructing efficient connectionist mechanisms to represent basic symbol components, dynamic bindings and basic symbolic inference procedures, and devising a set of algorithms which automatically translates input descriptions to localist neural networks. These connectionist mechanisms are built by taking an existing phase-locking mechanism and extending it further to obtain desirable features to represent and manipulate basic symbol structures. The existing phase-locking mechanism represents dynamic bindings very efficiently using temporal synchronous activity between neuron elements but has fundamental limitations in supporting standard symbolic inference. The extension addresses these limitations. The extended system encodes a significant subset of a Horn clause language in a connectionist style.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00124
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fractal encoding of context-free grammars in connectionist networks (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Connectionist network learning of context-free languages has so far been applied only to very simple cases and has often made use of an external stack. Learning complex context-free languages with a homogeneous neural mechanism looks like a much harder problem. The current paper takes a step toward solving this problem by analyzing context-free grammar computation (without addressing learning) in a class of analog computers called dynamical automata, which are naturally implemented in connectionist networks. The result is a widely applicable method of using fractal sets to organize infinite-state computations in a bounded state space. An appealing consequence is the development of parameter-space maps, which locate various complex computers in spatial relationships to one another. An example suggests that such a global perspective on the organization of the parameter space may be helpful for solving the hard problem of getting connectionist networks to learn complex grammars from examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00126
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analogy retrieval and processing with distributed vector representations (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Holographic reduced representations (HRRs) are a method for encoding nested relational structures in fixed-width vector representations. HRRs encode relational structures as vector representations in such a way that the superficial similarity of the vectors reflects both superficial and structural similarity of the relational structures. HRRs also support a number of operations that could be very useful in psychological models of human analogy processing: fast estimation of superficial and structural similarity via a vector dot-product; finding corresponding objects in two structures; and chunking of vector representations. Although similarity assessment and discovery of corresponding objects both theoretically take exponential time to perform fully and accurately, with HRRs one can obtain approximate solutions in constant time. The accuracy of these operations with HRRs mirrors patterns of human performance on analog retrieval and processing tasks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00125
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Expert systems 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00127
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