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  • Articles  (11)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (11)
  • *Biological Evolution
  • 1975-1979  (11)
  • 1
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    Heterogeneity of vertebrate luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Radioimmunoassay and chromatography analyses of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) have demonstrated the presence of LHRH-like immunoreactive peptides in a wide range of vertebrates. Contrary to previous reports, the molecule differs in various vertebrates. Avian, reptilian, and teleostean LHRH's are chemically distinct from the mammalian peptide but are in themselves indistinguishable. However, amphibian LHRH appears to be identical to the mammalian peptide. These findings have interesting evolutionary implications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, J A -- Millar, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):67-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/384514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chromatography ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*analysis/immunology ; Hypothalamus/analysis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Species Specificity ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Evolutionary relatedness of viper and primate endogenous retroviruses (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: A retrovirus previously isolated from a tumored Russell's viper is shown by molecular hybridization to be an endogenous virus of this reptilian species. Radio-immunologic techniques revealed that the viper retrovirus is immunologically and, hence, evolutionarily related to endogenous type D retorviruses of Old World primates. These findings extend the number of vertebrate classes possessing endogenous retroviruses and suggest that type D retroviruses may even be more widely distributed in nature than type C retroviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersen, P R -- Barbacid, M -- Tronick, S R -- Clark, H F -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):318-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/219480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; *Genes, Viral ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Primates/*microbiology ; Retroviridae/*genetics/immunology ; Snakes/genetics/*microbiology ; Viral Proteins/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Endothermy and activity in vertebrates (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: Resting and maximal levels of oxygen consumption of endothermic vertebrates exceed those of ectotherms by an average of five- to tenfold. Endotherms have a much broader range of activity that can be sustained by this augmented aerobic metabolism. Ectotherms are more reliant upon, and limited by, anaerobic metabolism during activity. A principal factor in the evolution of endothermy was the increase in aerobic capacities to support sustained activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bennett, A F -- Ruben, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):649-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; *Energy Metabolism ; Locomotion ; Motor Activity ; Oxygen Consumption ; Selection, Genetic ; Vertebrates/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Frog perspective on the morphological difference between humans and chimpanzees (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-14
    Description: The body shapes of humans and chimpanzees were compared quantitatively by criteria chosen for their capacity to discriminate well among the body shapes of frogs. By these criteria, the difference in body shape between humans and chimpanzees was found to be greater than that between the most dissimilar pairs of frogs examined--that is, frogs classified in separate taxonomic suborders. Even though the morphological diffference between the two primates is large by frog standards, the biochemical differences between the structural genes of these two species are small. The results of this study give quantitative support to the proposal that morphological evolution and biochemical evolution in structural genes can proceed at independent rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherty, L M -- Case, S M -- Wilson, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 14;200(4338):209-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropometry ; Anura/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Biometry ; Genes ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
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    Behavior and phylogeny: constriction in ancient and modern snakes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-04-07
    Description: Comparative analyses of behavior have an underappreciated potential for revealing the role of ethoecological factors in the origins of higher taxa. Twenty-seven species (13 genera) in the advanced family Colubridae exhibited 19 patterns of coil application; one or two patterns were usually consistent within a genus. Forty-eight species (26 genera) in the primitive families Acrochordidae, Aniliidae, Boidae, and Xenopeltidae usually used a single pattern, despite differences in age, size, shape, habitat, and diet. This implies the shared retention of an action pattern used by their common ancestor no later than the early Paleocene. Constriction must have been used as a prey-killing tactic very early in the history of snakes and might have been a behavioral "key innovation" in the evolution of their unusual jaw mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, H W -- Burghardt, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Apr 7;200(4337):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/635575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Snakes/*physiology ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Origins of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, R M -- Dayhoff, M O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):395-403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/202030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cells ; *Chloroplasts ; Computers ; Cytochrome c Group ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Ferredoxins ; *Mitochondria ; Nucleic Acids ; *Prokaryotic Cells ; Proteins ; RNA, Ribosomal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Implications of RNA-RNA splicing in evolution of eukaryotic cells (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-12-22
    Description: The differences in the biochemistry of messenger RNA formation in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes are so profound as to suggest that sequential prokaryotic to eukaryotic cell evolution seems unlikely. The recently discovered noncontiguous sequences in eukaryotic DNA that encode messenger RNA may reflect an ancient, rather than a new, distribution of information in DNA and that eukaryotes evolved independently of prokaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Darnell, J E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1257-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/364651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; *Genes ; Prokaryotic Cells/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Skin color and nutrient photolysis: an evolutionary hypothesis (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-18
    Description: Human populations native to areas of intense sunlight tend to be heavily melanized. Previous explanations for this relationship have invoked only weak selective pressures. To test the hypothesis that dark pigmentation may protect against photolysis of crucial light-sensitive vitamins and metabolites by ultraviolet light, folate was used as a model. It was found that exposure of human plasma in vitro to simulated strong sunlight causes 30 to 50 percent loss of folate within 60 minutes. Furthermore, light-skinned patients exposed to ultraviolet light for dermatologic disorders have abnormally low serum folate concentrations, suggesting that photolysis may also occur in vivo. Deficiency of folate, which occurs in many marginally nourished populations, causes severe anemia, fetal wastage, frank infertility, and maternal mortality. Prevention of ultraviolet photolysis of folate and other light sensitive nutrients by dark skin may be sufficient explanation for the maintenance of this characteristic in human groups indigenous to regions of intense solar radiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branda, R F -- Eaton, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 18;201(4356):625-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/675247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Folic Acid/blood/*radiation effects ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Melanins/physiology ; Photolysis ; Phototherapy ; Skin Diseases/therapy ; *Skin Pigmentation ; Sunlight ; *Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Do albumin clocks run on time? (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Radinsky, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jun 9;200(4346):1182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/653364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Serum Albumin/*genetics ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Gene dosage compensation and the evolution of sex chromosomes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: Dosage compensation is a mechanism by means of which the activity of X-linked or Z-linked genes is made equal in the two sexes of organisms with an XX compared to XY or ZZ compared to ZW basis of sex determination. In mammals, compensation is achieved by the inactivation of one X chromosome in somatic cells of females. In Drosophila, compensation does not involve inactivation. The two X chromosomes in females as well as the single X in males are regulated, and individual genes are thought to respond independently to the regulatory mechanism. It is proposed that in both groups of organisms the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes was gradual and occurred as the direct result of the evolution of dosage compensation rather than the reverse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lucchesi, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):711-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Linkage ; Haploidy ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Sex Chromosomes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Synchronies in mental development: an epigenetic perspective (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1978-12-01
    Description: Early mental development is analyzed from an evolutionary viewpoint and related to the dynamic interplay of genetic programming, maturational status, and environmental influence. Data are reported from a large sample of twins and siblings who have been tested longitudinally from 3 months to 6 years of age. Monozygotic twins became increasingly concordant with age and also paralleled each other for the spurts and lags in development. Dizygotic twins became less concordant with age and eventually matched their singleton siblings as closely as one another. The overall results suggested that the course of mental development is guided by the intrinsic scheduling of the genetic program acting in concert with maturational status and environmental influence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, R S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Dec 1;202(4371):939-48.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/568822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Environment ; Female ; Genes ; *Growth ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intelligence ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Twins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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