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  • Articles  (229)
  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (229)
  • Crystallography, X-Ray  (229)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (229)
  • 1995-1999  (229)
  • Physics  (229)
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  • Articles  (229)
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  • Latest Papers from Table of Contents or Articles in Press  (229)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (229)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: The Smad proteins mediate transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling from the transmembrane serine-threonine receptor kinases to the nucleus. The Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) recruits Smad2 to the TGFbeta receptors for phosphorylation. The crystal structure of a Smad2 MH2 domain in complex with the Smad-binding domain (SBD) of SARA has been determined at 2.2 angstrom resolution. SARA SBD, in an extended conformation comprising a rigid coil, an alpha helix, and a beta strand, interacts with the beta sheet and the three-helix bundle of Smad2. Recognition between the SARA rigid coil and the Smad2 beta sheet is essential for specificity, whereas interactions between the SARA beta strand and the Smad2 three-helix bundle contribute significantly to binding affinity. Comparison of the structures between Smad2 and a comediator Smad suggests a model for how receptor-regulated Smads are recognized by the type I receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, G -- Chen, Y G -- Ozdamar, B -- Gyuricza, C A -- Chong, P A -- Wrana, J L -- Massague, J -- Shi, Y -- CA85171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):92-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Activin Receptors, Type I ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Smad2 Protein ; Trans-Activators/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1867-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. wilson@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Peptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fillingame, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1687-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53706, USA. rhfillin@facstaff.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10610565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Hydrolysis ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Models, Biological ; *Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton-Motive Force ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: The crystal structure of an efficient Diels-Alder antibody catalyst at 1.9 angstrom resolution reveals almost perfect shape complementarity with its transition state analog. Comparison with highly related progesterone and Diels-Alderase antibodies that arose from the same primordial germ line template shows the relatively subtle mutational steps that were able to evolve both structural complementarity and catalytic efficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, J -- Deng, Q -- Chen, J -- Houk, K N -- Bartek, J -- Hilvert, D -- Wilson, I A -- CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM38273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2345-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Catalytic/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Haptens/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Progesterone/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Solubility ; Temperature ; Templates, Genetic
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: The structure of a T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) initiation complex captured transcribing a trinucleotide of RNA from a 17-base pair promoter DNA containing a 5-nucleotide single-strand template extension was determined at a resolution of 2.4 angstroms. Binding of the upstream duplex portion of the promoter occurs in the same manner as that in the open promoter complex, but the single-stranded template is repositioned to place the +4 base at the catalytic active site. Thus, synthesis of RNA in the initiation phase leads to accumulation or "scrunching" of the template in the enclosed active site pocket of T7 RNAP. Only three base pairs of heteroduplex are formed before the RNA peels off the template.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheetham, G M -- Steitz, T A -- GM-22778/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2305-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Bacteriophage T7/enzymology ; Catalytic Domain ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Single-Stranded/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/*chemistry/genetics ; Substrate Specificity ; Templates, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1999-12-22
    Description: Ribosome recycling factor (RRF), together with elongation factor G (EF-G), catalyzes recycling of ribosomes after one round of protein synthesis. The crystal structure of RRF was determined at 2.55 angstrom resolution. The protein has an unusual fold where domain I is a long three-helix bundle and domain II is a three-layer beta/alpha/beta sandwich. The molecule superimposes almost perfectly with a transfer RNA (tRNA) except that the amino acid-binding 3' end is missing. The mimicry suggests that RRF interacts with the posttermination ribosomal complex in a similar manner to a tRNA, leading to disassembly of the complex. The structural arrangement of this mimicry is entirely different from that of other cases of less pronounced mimicry of tRNA so far described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selmer, M -- Al-Karadaghi, S -- Hirokawa, G -- Kaji, A -- Liljas, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2349-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biophysics, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Post Office Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10600747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Elongation Factor G/chemistry ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Phe/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins ; Ribosomes/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Thermotoga maritima/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1999-12-11
    Description: Tubby-like proteins (TULPs) are found in a broad range of multicellular organisms. In mammals, genetic mutation of tubby or other TULPs can result in one or more of three disease phenotypes: obesity (from which the name "tubby" is derived), retinal degeneration, and hearing loss. These disease phenotypes indicate a vital role for tubby proteins; however, no biochemical function has yet been ascribed to any member of this protein family. A structure-directed approach was employed to investigate the biological function of these proteins. The crystal structure of the core domain from mouse tubby was determined at a resolution of 1.9 angstroms. From primarily structural clues, experiments were devised, the results of which suggest that TULPs are a unique family of bipartite transcription factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boggon, T J -- Shan, W S -- Santagata, S -- Myers, S C -- Shapiro, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2119-25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Program, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/metabolism ; Eye Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: The crystal structure of a complex involving the D10 T cell receptor (TCR), 16-residue foreign peptide antigen, and the I-Ak self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule is reported at 3.2 angstrom resolution. The D10 TCR is oriented in an orthogonal mode relative to its peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligand, necessitated by the amino-terminal extension of peptide residues projecting from the MHC class II antigen-binding groove as part of a mini beta sheet. Consequently, the disposition of D10 complementarity-determining region loops is altered relative to that of most pMHCI-specific TCRs; the latter TCRs assume a diagonal orientation, although with substantial variability. Peptide recognition, which involves P-1 to P8 residues, is dominated by the Valpha domain, which also binds to the class II MHC beta1 helix. That docking is limited to one segment of MHC-bound peptide offers an explanation for epitope recognition and altered peptide ligand effects, suggests a structural basis for alloreactivity, and illustrates how bacterial superantigens can span the TCR-pMHCII surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinherz, E L -- Tan, K -- Tang, L -- Kern, P -- Liu, J -- Xiong, Y -- Hussey, R E -- Smolyar, A -- Hare, B -- Zhang, R -- Joachimiak, A -- Chang, H C -- Wagner, G -- Wang, J -- AI/CA37581/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI19807/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM56008/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1913-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Conalbumin/chemistry/immunology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred AKR ; Models, Molecular ; Oligopeptides/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Superantigens/immunology/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1999-12-03
    Description: The actin-binding protein gelsolin is involved in remodeling the actin cytoskeleton during growth-factor signaling, apoptosis, cytokinesis, and cell movement. Calcium-activated gelsolin severs and caps actin filaments. The 3.4 angstrom x-ray structure of the carboxyl-terminal half of gelsolin (G4-G6) in complex with actin reveals the basis for gelsolin activation. Calcium binding induces a conformational rearrangement in which domain G6 is flipped over and translated by about 40 angstroms relative to G4 and G5. The structural reorganization tears apart the continuous beta sheet core of G4 and G6. This exposes the actin-binding site on G4, enabling severing and capping of actin filaments to proceed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robinson, R C -- Mejillano, M -- Le, V P -- Burtnick, L D -- Yin, H L -- Choe, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1939-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Post Office Box 85800, San Diego, CA 92186-5800, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10583954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gelsolin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gennis, R B -- Ebrey, T G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 8;286(5438):252-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. r-gennis@uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriorhodopsins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Halobacterium salinarum/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion Transport ; Light ; Photons ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proton Pumps/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proton-Motive Force ; Protons ; Retinaldehyde/chemistry/metabolism ; Schiff Bases ; Water
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