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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 20 (1981), S. 172-181 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: galactolipids ; phospholipids ; frozen storage ; parsley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während der Gefrierlagerung von thermisch nicht behandelten Blattgeweben laufen bei praxisüblichen Lagerungstemperaturen enzymatische Lipidabbaureaktionen ab, die schon nach wenigen Wochen zu einem weitgehenden oder vollständigen Verlust der nativen polaren Lipide führen. Diese von einer Geschmacksverschlechterung begleiteten Prozesse wurden am Beispiel von Petersilieblättern näher untersucht. Unter den Reaktionsprodukten befanden sich beträchtliche Mengen von 6-Acylmonogalaktosyldiglyceriden — entstanden durch Transacylierung aus Monogalaktosyldiglyceriden — sowie von Phosphatidsäure, deren Bildung durch Einwirkung von Phospholipase D auf Phospholipide zu erklären ist. Die vielfach angenommene Reaktionsfolge: Spaltung der Lipide durch Acylhydrolasen, Hydroperoxidation der gebildeten freien Fettsäuren durch Lipoxigenase und Zerfall der Hydroperoxide in Off-flavour-Komponenten spielt möglicherweise nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die Phospholipase D ist selbst bei −24
    Notes: Summary Under the frozen storage at usual storage temperatures of leafy tissues not pretreated by heat, enzymatic lipid degradation reactions take place, which lead already after a few weeks to a considerable or complete loss of the native polar lipids. These degradation processes being accompanied by a deterioration of the flavour have been studied in greater detail in parsley leaves. Among the reaction products we found large amounts of 6-acylmonogalactosyl diglycerides (formed from monogalactosyl diglycerides by enzymatic transacylation) and phosphatidic acid (formed from phospholipids through phospholipase-D action). The generally assumed reaction sequence: formation of free fatty acids by acyl hydrolases followed by hydroperoxidation through lipoxygenase and degradation o f the hydroperoxides into off-flavour compounds may hence take place, if at all, only to a limited extent. Considerable phospholipase D as well as minor acyl transferase activities are still detected at −24
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 20 (1981), S. 208-215 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: apricot seed kernels ; amino acid composition ; PER-data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hamawy apricot seed kernels (sweet), Amar apricot seed kernels (bitter) and treated Amar apricot kernels (bitterness removed) were evaluated biochemically. All kernels were found to be high in fat (42.2–50.91 %), protein (23.74–25.70 %) and fiber (15.08–18.02 %). Phosphorus, calcium, and iron were determined in all experimental samples. The three different apricot seed kernels were used for extensive study including the qualitative determination of the amino acid constituents by acid hydrolysis, quantitative determination of some amino acids, and biological evaluation of the kernel proteins in order to use them as new protein sources. Weanling albino rats failed to grow on diets containing the Amar apricot seed kernels due to low food consumption because of its bitterness. There was no loss in weight in that case. The Protein Efficiency Ratio data and blood analysis results showed the Hamawy apricot seed kernels to be higher in biological value than treated apricot seed kernels. The Net Protein Ratio data which accounts for both weight, maintenance and growth showed the treated apricot seed kernels to be higher in biological value than both Hamawy and Amar kernels. The Net Protein Ratio for the last two kernels were nearly equal.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 20 (1981), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: kwashiorkor ; glucose tolerance ; tryptophan loading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 20 (1981), S. 253-262 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: obesity ; JW/AH index method ; diabetes ; age-groups ; survey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser haben eine Reihenuntersuchung für die Aufklärung der Obesitätsfälle in der Kinderbevölkerung des Bezirks Monor (Komitat Pest) durchgeführt. Das Körpergewicht und die Körperlänge von 12 751 Kindern (3–18 Jahre alt) wurden gemessen. Mit der IW/AH-(Idealgewicht/aktuelle Körperlänge-)Indexmethode wurden 705 (5,3 %) Kinder übergewichtig gefunden. Mit Fragebogenmethode wurde geklärt, daß in den Familien von 784 Kindern Diabetes vorkommt. Unter diesen wurden 66 Obesitätsfälle unterschieden. Das Prozentverhältnis ist in dieser Gruppe mit 8,4 % viel höher als in der allgemeinen Population. Die größte Zahl der Obesitätsfälle wurde im Pubertätsalter gefunden. Bei den Kindern mit einer Familiengeschichte für Diabetes war diese Zahl in dem Alter von 14 bis 18 Jahren am größten. Die spezielle Untersuchung und ärztliche Beratung dieser Kinder ist im Gange.
    Notes: Summary Authors conducted the weight-height measurements of 12,751 children in the district of Monor on the basis of the IW/AH index and found 705 obese children. Childhood obesity rate of the district was 5.53 %. The questionnaires sent to the affected children's families revealed diabetes in the families of 784 children, 66 of whom were obese, which is 8.4 % -much higher than the population's value. The highest obesity rate was found in puberty, while in children with a family background for diabetes this value was found in 14–18 years of age. The groups investigated are given special nursing. Authors express thanks to all the persons who contributed to carry out the measurements.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 20 (1981), S. 275-282 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten protein-rich food mixtures were suggested. They are based on popular dishes which could be prepared simply at home. Such mixtures were prepared from seeds or legumes available in the local markets at reasonable prices. These ingredients are polished rice, decorticated lentils, defatted sesame flour, whole or roasted chick peas (dehulled), maize bread, sun flour kernels, fenugreek seeds, wheat (whole grains or parboiled grains), white wheat flour, defatted peanut flour, defatted sesame flour and dry yeast. The protein content of such food mixtures ranged from 17.7 to 23.2 %, which is in agreement with recommended values. Defatted sesame flour was incorporated in most of the mixtures in order to correct for their sulphur-containing amino-acids as it is already known that sesame is a rich source of sulphur-containing amino acids in comparison to other vegetable sources. Further investigations are going on to determine the nutritive value of the formulated mixtures before feeding them to the children.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 20 (1981), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 20 (1981), S. 233-246 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A meeting report is given (Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, Houston, and International Congress of Nutrition, San Diego) which mainly deals with cancerogenesis: The role of retinoids as inhibitors, and the role of pyrolysis products as promoter of cancerogenesis, both essentially active in the tumor promotion range of cancerogenesis, after previous initiation. In the future, enhanced chances may be foreseen for active prevention and for causal elucidation of cancer formation, which until now seems to be a spontaneous disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Hand eines Tagungsberichtes (Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, Houston, und Internationaler Ernährungskongreß, San Diego) wird vor allem auf Fragen der Kanzerogenese eingegangen: Rolle von Carotinoiden als Hemmstoffe und Rolle von Pyrolyse-Produkten als Förderer der Krebsentstehung, beide überwiegend im Bereich der Promotion nach anderweitig erfolgter Initiation. Hier liegen für die Zukunft Chancen aktiver Prävention und kausaler Aufklärung bisher scheinbar schicksalhafter (Spontan-)Erkrankungen.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 21 (1982), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 21 (1982), S. 51-56 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: serum alkaline phosphatase ; ascorbic-acid deficiency ; guinea pigs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Meerschweinchen, die gut mit Vitamin C versorgt sind, findet sich eine lineare Beziehung zwischen der Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase im Serum und dem Körpergewicht. Untersuchungen bei Meerschweinchen, in denen durch zwei verschiedene Verfahren (völliger und partieller Entzug) niedrige Ascorbinsäurespiegel herbeigeführt worden waren, zeigten, daß die Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase im Serum nicht generell bei Vitamin-C-Mangel erniedrigt ist. Abnahmen der Enzymspiegel im Serum, die sich bei Meerschweinchen nach völligem Entzug von Vitamin C finden, d. h. bei akutem Mangel, sind vermutlich die Folge von Streßfaktoren. Enzyme: Alkaline phosphatase, orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.1.)
    Notes: Summary Guinea pigs well supplied with vitamin C show a linear relation between serum alkaline phosphatase activity and body weight. Investigations in guinea pigs induced to low ascorbic-acid levels by two different procedures (complete and partial deprivation of vitamin C) demonstrated that the activity of the alkaline phosphatase is not generally decreased in the serum of ascorbic-acid-deficient guinea pigs. Decreases of the serum enzyme levels reported in guinea pigs completely deprived of vitamin C, i.e. in acute deficiency, may be due to stress factors.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 21 (1982), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: dietary induced thermogenesis ; direct calorimetry ; postprandial core temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die postprandiale Thermogenese von Diäten unterschiedlichen Protein- und Fettanteils an jungen männlichen wachsenden Ratten mit der direkten Kalorimetrie bestimmt. Die postprandiale Thermogenese nach Kontrolldiät, die 30% Kasein enthält, betrug 8,3% der aufgenommenen Bruttoenergie. Nach Austausch der Hälfte des Kasein durch Gelatine erhöhte sich die postprandiale Wärmeabgabe auf 19,3% der aufgenommenen Bruttoenergie. Substitution von Schmalz durch mittelkettige Triglyceride und kombinierte Substitution durch mittelkettige Triglyceride und Gelatine verursachten einen weiteren Anstieg der Thermogenese auf 20,3 % bzw. 22,6% der aufgenommenen Bruttoenergie. Verglichen mit der Kontrolldiät sind diese Differenzen statistisch hoch signifikant. Die postprandiale Thermogenese nach Kasein- und Kasein-Gelatine-haltigen Diäten tritt 2,5 Stunden nach der Nahrungsaufnahme ein und dauert 2–3 Stunden. Die Diäten, die mittelkettige Triglyceride enthalten, rufen 45–90 Minuten nach der Nahrungsaufnahme einen signifikanten Anstieg der Wärmeabgabe hervor, der 2–3 Stunden dauert. Die Kombination von Diätkomponenten mit einer hohen postprandialen Wärmeabgabe führte nicht zu einer additiven Wärmeabgabe. Es bestand eine enge Korrelation zwischen der aufgenommenen Nahrungsmenge und der postprandialen Wärmeabgabe. Die Kerntemperatur der Ratten stieg nach Nahrungsaufnahme der Versuchsdiäten signifikant an. In der postprandialen Phase wurden jedoch keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den vier Versuchsgruppen gefunden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die postprandiale Wärmeabgabe durch ausgewählte Diätkomponenten signifikant gesteigert werden kann. Die Entwicklung von Diäten mit einer geringen Effizienz der Energieverwertung könnte von Interesse sein für spezielle Diätbehandlungen wie zum Beispiel der Adipositas.
    Notes: Summary The postprandial thermic effect of diets containing different protein and fat moieties was estimated in young male growing rats by direct calorimetric measurements. The postprandial thermogenesis after ingestion of the control diet, which contained 30% of casein, corresponded to 8.3% of the gross energy. After exchange of half the casein by gelatine, the postprandial heat loss increased to 19.3% of the gross energy. Substitution of lard by medium-chain triglycerides and gelatine caused a further increase of thermogenesis to 20.3% and 22.6% of gross energy, respectively. Compared to the control diet, the differences are highly statistically significant. The postprandial heat production after ingestion of the casein and caseingelatine-containing diets occurred 2.5 hours after food intake and lasted about 2–3 hours. The medium-chain triglycerides-containing diets induced 45–90 minutes after food intake a significant increase of the heat production, lasting likewise 2–3 hours. The combination of dietary components with a high postprandial thermogenetic effect did not lead to an additive heat production. A very close correlation could be found between the amount of food intake and the postprandial heat loss. The core temperature of rats increased significantly after ingestion of the experimental diets. In the postprandial state it did not differ between the four experimental groups. The results demonstrate that the postprandial heat loss can be significantly increased by selected dietary components. The development of diets with a lower efficiency of energy utilization could be of interest for special dietary treatments, as for example, in certain states of obesity.
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