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  • 1
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    [Perspective] Molecular sieves for gas separation (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Description: Separation and purification are critical industrial processes for separating components of chemical mixtures, and these processes account for about half of industrial energy usage (1). Gas mixtures of compounds with very similar physical properties are particularly difficult to separate. On pages 137 and 141 of this issue, Cadiau et al. (2) and Cui et al. (3), respectively, show that microporous materials can be designed to have high adsorption capacity and selectivity for particular hydrocarbons, enabling energy-efficient separation. Author: Jerry Y. S. Lin
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    [Perspective] How to break down crystalline cellulose (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Biomass-degrading microorganisms use lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) enzymes to help digest cellulose, chitin, and starch. By cleaving otherwise inaccessible crystalline cellulose chains, these enzymes provide access to hydrolytic enzymes. LPMOs are of interest to biotechnology because efficient depolymerization of cellulose is a major bottleneck for the production of biologically based chemicals and fuels. On page 1098 of this issue, Kracher et al. (1) compare LPMO-reducing substrates in fungi from different taxonomic groups and lifestyles, based on both biochemical and genomic evidence. The results provide insights into reductive activation of LPMO that are important for developing more efficient industrial enzymes for lignocellulose biorefineries. Author: Angel T. Martínez
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    [Editors' Choice] Engineering open structures using DNA (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-25
    Description: Author: Marc S. Lavine
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Quantum interference and diradicals [Chemistry] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-27
    Description: An empirical observation of a relationship between a striking feature of electronic transmission through a π-system, destructive quantum interference (QI), on one hand, and the stability of diradicals on the other, leads to the proof of a general theorem that relates the two. Subject to a number of simplifying assumptions,...
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Transient expression shows ligand gating and allosteric potentiation of GABAA receptor subunits (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-02
    Description: Human gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subunits were expressed transiently in cultured mammalian cells. This expression system allows the simultaneous characterization of ligand-gated ion channels by electrophysiology and by pharmacology. Thus, coexpression of the alpha and beta subunits of the GABAA receptor generated GABA-gated chloride channels and binding sites for GABAA receptor ligands. Channels consisting of only alpha or beta subunits could also be detected. These homomeric channels formed with reduced efficiencies compared to the heteromeric receptors. Both of these homomeric GABA-responsive channels were potentiated by barbiturate, indicating that sites for both ligand-gating and allosteric potentiation are present on receptors assembled from either subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pritchett, D B -- Sontheimer, H -- Gorman, C M -- Kettenmann, H -- Seeburg, P H -- Schofield, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 2;242(4883):1306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, ZMBH, University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2848320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Blotting, Northern ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electric Conductivity ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Muscimol/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Characterization of a helical protein designed from first principles (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-19
    Description: The question of how the primary amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three-dimensional structure is still unanswered. One approach to this problem involves the de novo design of model peptides and proteins that should adopt desired three-dimensional structures. A systematic approach was aimed at the design of a four-helix bundle protein. The gene encoding the designed protein was synthesized and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The protein was shown to be monomeric, highly helical, and very stable to denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Thus a globular protein has been designed that is capable of adopting a stable, folded structure in aqueous solution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Regan, L -- DeGrado, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):976-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Central Research & Development Department, Wilmington, DE 19898.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3043666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, Gel ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; *Protein Conformation ; *Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    cAMP evokes long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons that requires new protein synthesis (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Behavioral sensitization leads to both short- and long-term enhancement of synaptic transmission between the sensory and motor neurons of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Serotonin (5-HT), a transmitter important for short-term sensitization, can evoke long-term enhancement of synaptic strength detected 1 day later. Because 5-HT mediates short-term facilitation through adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein phosphorylation, the role of cAMP in the long-term modulation of this identified synapse was examined. Like 5-HT, cAMP can also evoke long-term facilitation lasting 24 hours. Unlike the short-term change, the long-lasting change is blocked by anisomycin, a reversible inhibitor of protein synthesis, and therefore must involve the synthesis of gene products not required for the short-term change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schacher, S -- Castellucci, V F -- Kandel, E R -- GM 32099/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1667-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2454509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anisomycin/pharmacology ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Serotonin/pharmacology ; Synapses/drug effects/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The ras oncogenes increase the intrinsic resistance of NIH 3T3 cells to ionizing radiation (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: Identification of genes that function to protect cells from radiation damage is an essential step in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which mammalian cells cope with ionizing radiation. The intrinsic radiation resistance (D0) of NIH 3T3 cells was markedly and significantly increased by transformation with ras oncogenes activated by missense mutations. This radiobiologic activity appeared to be a specific consequence of the ras mutations rather than of transformation, since revertant cells that contained functional ras genes (but were no longer phenotypically transformed) retained their increased D0's.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sklar, M D -- CA 41166/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):645-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/*radiation effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; *Genes, ras ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Cryopreservation, culture, and transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue into monkeys (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: Studies in animals suggest that fetal neural grafts might restore lost neurological function in Parkinson's disease. In monkeys, such grafts survive for many months and reverse signs of parkinsonism, without attendant graft rejection. The successful and reliable application of a similar transplantation procedure to human patients, however, will require neural tissue obtained from human fetal cadavers, with demonstrated cellular identity, viability, and biological safety. In this report, human fetal neural tissue was successfully grafted into the brains of monkeys. Neural tissue was collected from human fetal cadavers after 9 to 12 weeks of gestation and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Viability after up to 2 months of storage was demonstrated by cell culture and by transplantation into monkeys. Cryopreservation and storage of human fetal neural tissue would allow formation of a tissue bank. The stored cells could then be specifically tested to assure their cellular identity, viability, and bacteriological and virological safety before clinical use. The capacity to collect and maintain viable human fetal neural tissue would also facilitate research efforts to understand the development and function of the human brain and provide opportunities to study neurological diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redmond, D E Jr -- Naftolin, F -- Collier, T J -- Leranth, C -- Robbins, R J -- Sladek, C D -- Roth, R H -- Sladek, J R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):768-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2903552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus ; Fetus ; Freezing ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/embryology/enzymology/*transplantation ; Preservation, Biological ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Monocyte-derived human B-cell growth factor identified as interferon-beta 2 (BSF-2, IL-6) (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: Soluble products of either Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells or activated monocytes promote the proliferation of EBV-infected B cells and permit their growth at low cell densities. This suggests that growth factors are important for B-cell immortalization by EBV. In this study, a monocyte-derived factor that promotes the growth of EBV-infected b cells was purified and identified as interferon-beta 2 (IFN-beta 2), which is also known as 26-kilodalton protein, B-cell differentiation factor (BSF-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The purified protein has a specific activity of approximately 4 X 10(7) units per milligram of protein in assays of B-cell growth. Thus, IFN-beta 2/BSF-2 is a B-cell growth factor that promotes the proliferation of human B cells infected with EBV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tosato, G -- Seamon, K B -- Goldman, N D -- Sehgal, P B -- May, L T -- Washington, G C -- Jones, K D -- Pike, S E -- AI-16262/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA-44365/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):502-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2829354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/microbiology ; Cell Count ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/*physiology ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Monocytes/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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