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Lasting ecological impacts of megafauna extinction [Ecology] (2016)

Barnosky, A. D., Lindsey, E. L., Villavicencio, N. A., Bostelmann, E., Hadly, E. A., Wanket, J., Marshall, C. R.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-01-27

Description: Loss of megafauna, an aspect of defaunation, can precipitate many ecological changes over short time scales. We examine whether megafauna loss can also explain features of lasting ecological state shifts that occurred as the Pleistocene gave way to the Holocene. We compare ecological impacts of late-Quaternary megafauna extinction in five...

Keywords: Megafauna and Ecosystem Function: From the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by National Academy of Sciences

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Test of Martin's overkill hypothesis [Population Biology] (2016)

Surovell, T. A., Pelton, S. R., Anderson-Sprecher, R., Myers, A. D.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-01-27

Description: Following Martin [Martin PS (1973) Science 179:969–974], we propose the hypothesis that the timing of human arrival to the New World can be assessed by examining the ecological impacts of a small population of people on extinct Pleistocene megafauna. To that end, we compiled lists of direct radiocarbon dates on...

Keywords: Megafauna and Ecosystem Function: From the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by National Academy of Sciences

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Nutrient transport in a world of giants [Ecology] (2016)

Doughty, C. E., Roman, J., Faurby, S., Wolf, A., Haque, A., Bakker, E. S., Malhi, Y., Dunning, J. B., Svenning, J.-C.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-01-27

Description: The past was a world of giants, with abundant whales in the sea and large animals roaming the land. However, that world came to an end following massive late-Quaternary megafauna extinctions on land and widespread population reductions in great whale populations over the past few centuries. These losses are likely...

Keywords: Megafauna and Ecosystem Function: From the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by National Academy of Sciences

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Mammoth amount of methane [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2016)

Smith, F. A., Hammond, J. I., Balk, M. A., Elliott, S. M., Lyons, S. K., Pardi, M. I., Tome, C. P., Wagner, P. J., Westover, M. L.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-01-27

Description: Globally, large-bodied wild mammals are in peril. Because “megamammals” have a disproportionate influence on vegetation, trophic interactions, and ecosystem function, declining populations are of considerable conservation concern. However, this is not new; trophic downgrading occurred in the past, including the African rinderpest epizootic of the 1890s, the massive Great Plains...

Keywords: Megafauna and Ecosystem Function: From the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

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Effect of megafauna extinctions on woody plants [Biological Sciences] (2016)

Bakker, E. S., Gill, J. L., Johnson, C. N., Vera, F. W. M., Sandom, C. J., Asner, G. P., Svenning, J.-C.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-01-27

Description: Until recently in Earth history, very large herbivores (mammoths, ground sloths, diprotodons, and many others) occurred in most of the World’s terrestrial ecosystems, but the majority have gone extinct as part of the late-Quaternary extinctions. How has this large-scale removal of large herbivores affected landscape structure and ecosystem functioning? In...

Keywords: Megafauna and Ecosystem Function: From the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

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Sea cow extinction [Ecology] (2016)

Estes, J. A., Burdin, A., Doak, D. F.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-01-27

Description: The late Pleistocene extinction of so many large-bodied vertebrates has been variously attributed to two general causes: rapid climate change and the effects of humans as they spread from the Old World to previously uninhabited continents and islands. Many large-bodied vertebrates, especially large apex predators, maintain their associated ecosystems through...

Keywords: Megafauna and Ecosystem Function: From the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

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Pleistocene carnivore impact [Evolution] (2016)

Van Valkenburgh, B., Hayward, M. W., Ripple, W. J., Meloro, C., Roth, V. L.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2016-01-27

Description: Large mammalian terrestrial herbivores, such as elephants, have dramatic effects on the ecosystems they inhabit and at high population densities their environmental impacts can be devastating. Pleistocene terrestrial ecosystems included a much greater diversity of megaherbivores (e.g., mammoths, mastodons, giant ground sloths) and thus a greater potential for widespread habitat...

Keywords: Megafauna and Ecosystem Function: From the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by National Academy of Sciences

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